PubMed · 15699553
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Kathleen D Schaum. 2005. Pressure-reducing support surfaces.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699553/
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the sleep habits in Brazilian children according to age, gender and starting time to school. METHOD: We investigated 2,482 scholars aged 7 to 10 years. We compared sleep habits, gender, and starting time to school (morning and afternoon). RESULTS: Sixty-one per cent of the children presented sleep rituals before sleep. Milk drinking before sleep was more frequent among seven years old children. We found a progressive reduction with age in keeping the lights on. Girls used to leave an object to bed more than boys did. Children that studied in the morning presented reduced total sleep time, sleep earlier, and nap more frequently than children that studied in the afternoon. CONCLUSION: Starting time to school deeply influences sleep habits in Brazilian children from São Paulo City, in whom bed-time rituals are highly prevalent.
Case-control studies of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the Netherlands have shown a number of important risk factors, including prone sleeping position, the use of a duvet, the use of sedating antihistamines, and bed-sharing with parents. After issuing preventive advice to avoid these risk factors, the SIDS mortality rate has decreased dramatically in the Netherlands, from 100 cases per 100,000 live births per year in the 1980s to 10-15 cases in recent years. Recent cohort studies of SIDS infants suggest that new risk factors are emerging. For example, SIDS now occurs increasingly while the infants are in day care. Such associations should be examined in case-control studies before preventive advice can be given. The Dutch SIDS risk-factor studies are an example of how epidemiologic studies can have a great impact on public health.
OBJECTIVE: To explain the increase in the number of deaths due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that occurred while the infant was in a playpen or on a playpen mat placed outside of the pen. 13 deaths were reported in the period 1 September 1996-31 August 2004, in contrast to 0 deaths in the years 1984/'96. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: Data on the 13 infants that were reported to the National Study Group on SIDS were analysed and the presence of risk factors for SIDS was assessed. RESULTS: Of the 13 infants, 9 were male and 4 were female. 12 were aged less than 12 months and 1 was aged 13 months. Known risk factors for SIDS were often present and frequently occurred in combinations: male sex (n = 9), higher birth order (n = 9), age 1-8 months (n = 12), parental smoking (n = 6), primary prone sleeping position (n = 4), secondary prone (n = 6, often the first time), face down (n = 9), no adult present (n = 13). CONCLUSION: There was no clear explanation for the observed increase in SIDS that occurred in a playpen or on a playpen mat placed outside of the pen.