PubMed · 15393203
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J PIEQUET, E LEMESLE. 1949. On current aortic clouding techniques.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15393203/
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INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemia is a primary risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and leading to severe stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic atherosclerosis (AA). The objective of this investigation was to measure elastic modulus [(E(p), in 10(3) mmHg] and Young's circumferential static elastic modulus [(E(s), in 10(3) mmHg] as aortic distensibility indices and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) in untreated hypercholesterolemic (HC) patients in the course of the same stress transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to compare their results to normochole- sterolemic (NC) subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The following patient populations were compared: 17 NC subjects with negative coronary angiograms, 18 patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia with a negative coronary angiogram and 23 HC patients with significant left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) disease. All patients underwent coronary angiography, transthoracic and stress TEE examinations. RESULTS: CFR was significantly reduced in patients of both groups with hypercholesterolemia as compared to NC subjects (1.99+/-0.76 and 1.79+/-0.32 vs. 2.58+/-0.63, P<0.05, respectively). E(p) was significantly increased in HC patients with negative coronary angiograms as compared to NC subjects (0.39+/-0.18 vs. 0.67+/-0.19, P<0.05), while further increase was found in HC patients with LAD disease (0.67+/-0.19 vs. 1.09+/-0.52, P<0.05). E(s) behaved similarly (4.06+/-2.73 vs. 7.60+/-3.70 vs. 11.38+/-6.91, P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion it may be stated that CFR and aortic distensibility indices can be evaluated simultaneously by stress TEE in HC patients. CFR and aortic distensibility were impaired in HC patients as compared to NC subjects.
An elevated serum uric acid is associated with the development of hypertension and renal disease. Renal regulation of urate excretion is largely controlled by URAT1 (SLC22A12), a member of the organic anion transporter superfamily. This study reports the specific expression of URAT1 on human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, as assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. Expression of URAT1 was localized to the cell membrane. Evidence that the URAT1 transporter was functional was provided by the finding that uptake of 14C-urate was significantly inhibited in the presence of probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor. It is proposed that URAT1 may provide a mechanism by which uric acid enters the human vascular smooth muscle cell, a finding that may be relevant to the role of uric acid in cardiovascular disease.
Diabetic conditions are associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, but the role of saturated fatty acids (SFA) vs. unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in activation of T-lymphocytes and human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) is not known. We investigated in vitro effects of various concentrations of SFA (palmitate) and UFA (oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic) acids in activation of these cells. These cells in presence of palmitate, but not UFA, exhibited time, and concentration-dependent emergence of insulin receptors, GLUT 4 expression, generation of ROS, cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and IRS-1. We conclude that both T-lymphocytes and HAEC share common characteristics in exhibiting activation of these cells to palmitate, but not to UFA, by developing insulin receptors and becoming insulin responsive tissues, a hitherto unknown response to palmitate. We hypothesize that these events may serve as protective defense mechanisms against acute effects of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity in these cells.