PubMed · 153517
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N B Esterly, N L Furey. 1978. Acne: current concepts.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/153517/
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Otodectes cynotis is responsible for at least 50% of canker cases diagnosed in cats world-wide. The role of Demodex cati in the pathogenesis of otitis and acne is still obscure. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of O. cynoyis and D. cati infestations in clinically normal cats in northern Greece, to determine the factors that are associated with the probability and severity of infestation in the cat, and to examine the importance of these mites in the pathogenesis of feline acne. Samples from 161 cats were examined by flushing the ear canals and by taking skin scrapings of the chin and lip area. The results were combined with various factors (sex, age, living style, hair coat type and presence of pruritus, of ear discharge, of acne-like lesions) in order to carry out a risk analysis. Two separate logistic regression analyses were performed. One, on the infestation/non-infestation potential with O. cynotis and the other, on the degree of such infestation as mild-to-moderate (< or =5 mites/field) or severe (>5 mites/field). D. cati was not detected in any of the 161 cats. The prevalence of O. cynotis was estimated at 25.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 19-32). The rate of mite infestation was higher with the presence of ear discharge (odds ratio 9, 95% CI 3.3-24.5), periaural pruritus (odds ratio 3.6, 95% CI 1.8-8) and acne-like lesions (odds ratio 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-9). Cats with mild-to-moderate degree of infestation had 18 times higher chance of exhibiting an ear discharge than those with a severe infestation. The log-odds of mild-to-moderate parasitism were linearly related to the age.
BACKGROUND: Most people have acne at some stage during their life, with about one per cent being left with permanent acne scars. Recent laser techniques are thought to be more effective than chemical peels and dermabrasion. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of laser resurfacing for treating facial acne scars. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE (1966 to April 1999), EMBASE (1980 to April 1999), Science Citation Index (1981 to April 1999), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (April 1999), DARE (April 1999), INAHTA (April 1999), NHS HTA Internet site (April 1999). Dermatological Surgery (1995 to March 1999) and the British Journal of Dermatology (1995 to September 1999) were handsearched. We searched the reference lists of relevant articles and contacted experts and commercial laser manufacturers. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials which compare different laser resurfacing techniques for treating patients with facial acne scars, or compare laser resurfacing with other resurfacing techniques or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed the quality of studies and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: No randomised controlled trials where laser treatment was compared to either placebo or a different type of laser were found. Most of the 27 studies uncovered were poor quality case series with small numbers of acne-scarred patients. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The lack of good quality evidence does not enable any conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of lasers for treating atrophic or ice-pick acne scars. Well designed randomised controlled comparisons of carbon dioxide versus Erbium:YAG laser are urgently needed.
Four new precise accurate and selective methods have been developed for the determination of gestodene (I) and cyproterone acetate (II). The first method (A) depends on reaction of (I) and (II) with isoniazide in an acid medium and the colored products were measured at 378 and 400 nm, respectively. The second method (B) depends on the reaction of (I) and (II) with tetrazolium blue in an alkaline medium and the colored products were measured quantitatively at 515 and 520 nm, respectively. The optimum conditions for the analysis were studied. Both methods determined gestodene (I) in concentration range from 4 to 24 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recoveries 99.54%+/-1.20 and 99.63%+/-1.89 for method A and B, respectively. For cyproterone acetate, the concentration ranges were 4-36 and 8-40 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recoveries 99.94%+/-1.19 and 99.23%+/-2.00 for methods A and B, respectively. The third method (C) depends on the quantitative evaluation of (I) and (II) densitometrically using dichloroethane:methanol:water (95:5:0.2) as mobile phase and the chromatogram were scanned at 247 and 281 nm, respectively. Method (C) determines (I) and (II) in concentration ranges from 0.2 to 1.6 and 0.1-0.7 microg microl(-1) using Hamilton syringe 10 microl, with mean percentage recoveries 99.94%+/-1.19, and 99.82%+/-1.75, respectively. The fourth method (D) is a first derivative one depends on measuring the D(1) value at 303 nm for (II) only in concentration range 10-20 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recoveries 99.95%+/-1.49.