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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cosmetics, the consumer, the factory worker and the occupational physician. Suggestions concerning ways to determine untoward dermatologic effects of cosmetics.

Methods for investigating contact eczematous patients and for measuring the sensitizing potential of various substances are well known and in general, sufficiently effective. This is not true for irritant dermatitis, or for possible (skin) irritant substances; moreover, cosmetics commonly do not contain acutely harmful ingredients. The use of various instrumental measurements (insensible H2O loss, CO2 release, electrical impedance, sweat rate) as indicators of the irritant potentials of substances is advocated. At the same time it is suggested that the factory physician actively investigate the workers in his factory, since these workers are exposed to known substances in known concentrations and combinations, possibly for extensive periods. This may prove to be part of a new role for him. A cosmetic may be one of several factors increasing impairment and only beyond a certain limit may this result in overt disease. Below that limit the health reserve is only partially depleted. Whether this is harmful to a person depends on other stresses, such as medicaments, work materials, other cosmetics and environmental chemicals. The effect of these must also be quantified. A model of these cumulative stresses and reactions is presented and discussed.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1977

United States cosmetic ingredient labeling.

United States federal regulations require ingredient listing on cosmetics labeled after November 30, 1976. Standardized ingredient nomenclature from a reference text will be utilized to minimize confusion which might arise if various synonyms for chemical names were used. This new information on cosmetics labeling will assist physicians in the diagnosis of cosmetic-related dermatoses. It should facilitate the patch testing procedure by enabling the dermatologist to focus attention on suspect ingredients early in the evaluation. Once the identify of offending ingredients in a cosmetic has been determined for a particular patient, the individual will have the opportunity to avoid those ingredients and related ingredients in future purchases of cosmetics.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomonas corneal ulcer. The causative role of contaminated eye cosmetics.

The clinical significance of contaminated ocular cosmetics is illustrated by the case of a 47-year-old woman in whom a Pseudomonas corneal ulcer developed immediately after she sustained minor corneal trauma with a mascara applicator. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the corneal ulcer and the mascara. In addition to the causative role in acute corneal ulcers, contaminated eye cosmetics contribute to chronic external eye infections. Retail eye cosmetics are typically free of contamination when purchased. The inoculation of the cosmetic occurs during normal use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Non-comedogenic cosmetics.

The need for a "comedogenic-free" cosmetic for acne patients led to this study using the only available mode, the rabbit. To facilitate the formulation of this benign cover-up, a range of cosmetics and ingredients was tested. Many cosmetics, fractions, and modifications of lanolins were comedogenic, as were emulsifiers such as butyl sterate, isopropyl myristate and sodium lauryl sulfate. From this data we incorporated non-comedogenic, into an acceptable cosmetic formulation for patients. The use of this formulation in susceptible acne-prone women reduced the rate of "acne cosmetica" in our clinic patients from 25% to less than 5%. We were unable to confirm a recent study suggesting that sulfur was a potent acnegen.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1976

[Microorganisms in drugs and cosmetics - occurrence, harms and consequences in hygienic manufacturing (author's transl)].

The quantity of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with different composition and the diversity of contaminating microorganisms set up special problems for each product with its specific field of application. It is not exact to generalize the hazard of contaminating microorganisms to product cathegories. Some product cathegories however are more imperilled to be contaminated with microorganisms and they are more hazardous than other ones. The most important component of the living matter is water that decides on growth, multiplication and survival of microorganisms in drugs and cosmetics. Products with a high content of available water are the most problematic ones. The consequences of survival and multiplication of microorganisms in relation to metabolic activity, pathogenicity and route of administration can be harmless or fatal. The nutritive wants of many microorganisms are very small, even simple salt solutions do not exclude microbial growth. There scarcely exist substrates not used as energy source by any microorganism and so it does not wonder that desinfectants are also used. Added preservatives may be absorbed or inactivated by suspended anorganic components, swelling agents, solubilizers etc., the containers or its closing. In the water phase of emulsions, in which under special conditions smaller amounts of the preservative are available, microorganisms sometimes can multiply. Skin care products neither belonging to pharmaceuticals nor to cosmetics present special clinical problems. Many times creams and lotions contain ingredients metabolized by microorganisms. Ointments and oils can be overgrown only by highly specialized organisms but if there is condensed water as a film at boundary surfaces much more microorganism species can grow. When using cosmetics it must be considered that parts of them will get into the eye. The eye is really endangered by Pseudomonads, which can according to the composition multiply in shampoos and whose contact to the eye can not be excluded. Syrups and solutions contain sugar concentrations, which suppress growth of most microorganisms except osmotolerant germs. Because of their low water content powders normally are protected against microbial growth but they should be free from clostridial spores for a mixture of powder and sweat is a good nutrient medium to Clostridia and fungi. Powders for surgical use must be sterile. Tablets and dragees do not allow microbial multiplication because of their low water activity. Under bad storage conditions a local increase of water content may permit microbial growth at the surface, especially in hygroscopicity. Fortunately there is seen a trend of not using multi-dose-containers for injections because of the high risk of contamination. It is to develop single-dose-containers also for other groups of preparations especially for eye-preparations. Many products microbiologically unobjectionable produced are contaminated in use, they contain the spectrum of microorganisms of the area of application...

Bacteria↗
PubMed2026

From bacterial to microbiome-derived vesicles: genome-informed identity, source qualification, and translational quality for skin-directed cosmetics.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are increasingly proposed as materials for skin-directed cosmetics, yet rapid adoption of "exosome" terminology has outpaced clarity on their origin, composition, and manufacturing quality. This review argues that the value of BEVs depends on scientific discipline rather than marketing appeal, and that they are promising because they are biologically potent, not because they are intrinsically benign. We retain BEVs as the scientific umbrella term for vesicles released by bacteria and we propose the term microbiome-derived vesicles (MDVs) as the consumer-facing designation for qualified commensal BEVs - a surface term that avoids the difficulty of "bacterial" while its definition preserves bacterial provenance. We develop a three-axis framework for BEV identity that integrates compositional analysis, producer-strain genomics, and functional or safety profiling, and we position whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as decisive for source qualification and mechanistic interpretation but insufficient to prove the efficacy of a purified preparation. Building on this framework, we summarize isolation, purification, and analytical characterization requirements; interpret current skin-efficacy evidence in light of its methodological limits; and discuss formulation, cosmetic application, regulatory positioning, and manufacturable quality. We conclude that transparent bacterial provenance, reproducible preparation, and evidence proportionate to the claims made are prerequisites for evaluating commensal BEVs, described for skin applications as MDVs, as a scientifically defined cosmetic platform.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute intoxication by cosmetics].

Intoxications due to cosmetics are of various types, but certain substances may be particularly harmful, especially when the constituants include acetone, boric acid and borates, ethyl alcohol, bromates, formol, methyl alcohol, propylene glycol, thallium, thioglycolate.. Every cosmetic substance may induce accidental intoxications. Most often, fluid cosmetics are absorbed either by children or by feeble-minded subjects. In all intoxication, one must take account of the age and weight of the patient, of the quantity absorbed, of the toxicity and of the constituants of the substance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A psychological study of patients undergoing cosmetic surgery.

This is an investigative study of the personality of patients requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty. Analysis of data obtained from objective projective tests and psychological interviews indicated that patients seeking cosmetic surgery are not as psychologically disturbed as often as described. Comparative studies showed certain personality characteristics to be associated with patients who seek cosmetic surgery. While evaluations 18 months after surgery showed no major personality change, self-concept was improved. Certain disturbing personality patterns indicative of psychological risk were identified. These fell more in the range personality disorders, exemplified by the infantile-narcissistic and the manipulative controlling personalities rather than in somatic ranges. We recommend a simple interview question method of counseling designed to identify underlying psychological manifestations and to control the potential problem patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cosmetic contact lenses in the care of the child.

As their name implies, cosmetic contact lenses are used to hide or cover blemishes or disfigurements of the iris, cornea, or sclera. A wide variety of options are available to the optometrist in attempting to aid a child with an ocular disfigurement. The customized artist-painted scleral shell is ideal in many cases, but a surprising number of defects can be adequately camouflaged with corneal lenses presently available from laboratories. The future use of cosmetic soft lenses is promising, and since many conditions involving the need for optical correction are capable of provoking future visual disorders, infants today can look forward to better vision when a cosmetic contact lens is fitted early in life.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Detection of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products using agar gel electrophoresis.

A method is described using high voltage agar gel electrophoresis for the separation and microbiological detection of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The positions of the preservatives were detected as zones of inhibition of a test organism within the nutrient agar gel and can be characterised by their migration, shape and presence of a halo. A wide range of preservatives commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations could be detected in low concentrations. The method however was not suitable for certain volatile preservatives and many primarily antifungal compounds could be detected above their use concentration.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1976

Quinazoline Yellow SS in cosmetics.

Five cases of allergic contact dermatitis from Quinazoline Yellow SS (D and C Yellow 11) in cosmetics are described, three from a lipstick and two from a rouge stick. Four of them showed marked oedema spreading to the eyelids and down to the neck. Two of them required systemic steroids. All four had strongly positive patch tests to the dye and to the cosmetic used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis and coal tar dyes.

Patch tests and photopatch tests with various cosmetics, coal tar dyes, perfumes, lanolin preparations and parabens-mix were performed in 53 patients with pigmented cosmetic dermatitis similar in clinical appearance to Riehl's melanosis. The results showed that coal tar dyes, particularly brilliant lake red R, were closely related to the cause of the disease. In patch testing and photopatch testing with coal tar dyes, the incidence of positive responses to the brilliant lake red R was found to be significantly higher than that to the other coal tar colors (22/38 = 57.9%). The relevance of ultraviolet light to the disease was found to be much less than the ratio expected (14/47 = 29.8%). A high incidence of positive responses to fragrances was also found, but it is considered to play a secondary role in the etiology of the disease.

Coal Tar↗
PubMed1978

Cosmetic regulatory activities in the United States: past, present and future.

To protect consumers from unsafe or decptively labeled cosmetics, the Food and Drug Administration promulgates regulations, conducts factory inspections, investigates mardeted products, evaluates consumer complaints, maintains registries of voluntarily submitted formulation and adverse reaction information, and carries out analytical, microbiological and toxicological studies. There has been a significant shift in program priorities from surveillance activities to scientific research and the determination of systemic hazards to health. Major scientific efforts involve studies to determine the dermal toxicity of cosmetics, develop methods for predicting the efficacy of preservatives, and answer questions about the skin penetration and carcinogenicity of nitrosodiethanolamine. A further issue of concern is the carcinogenic hazard of hair dyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Microwave sanitization of color additives used in cosmetics: feasibility study.

Microwave exposure has been explored as a method of microbiologically sanitizing color additives used in cosmetic products. Selected microbiologically unacceptable cosmetic color additives, D&C red no. 7 Ca lake (certified synthetic organic color), carmine (natural organic color not subject to certification), and chromium hydroxide green (inorganic color not subject to certification), were submitted to microwave exposure. Gram-negative bacteria were eliminated, as verified by enrichment procedures, and levels of gram-positive bacteria were reduced. Generally, analytical and dermal safety studies indicated no significant alterations in physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of the colors. Sanitization was also successfully performed on other colors (D&C red no. 9 Ba lake, D&C red no. 12 Ba lake, D&C green no. 5, and FD&C red no. 4); initial physical and chemical tests were satisfactory. Results indicated that this method of sanitization is feasible and warrants further investigation.

Bacteria↗