PubMed · 15031384
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L A M Elders, A Burdorf. 2004. Workplace interventions.. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.010207
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This study investigates the association linking truancy and drug-related experiences among adolescents surveyed via a street outreach program. A total of 2126 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years recruited from Taipei street sites completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use for adolescents with truancy was 15.0-17.9% (12.1-14.5% for ecstasy, 4.6-7.3% for ketamine, and 3.5-8.8% for marijuana), and the corresponding estimate was 3.1-3.4% for youths without truancy. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed a dose-response effect linking the maximum days of truancy with illicit drug us. After holding constant of psychosocial environmental factors and use of readily available substance (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and betel nut), the results of survival analyses suggested that there might be reciprocal relationships operating between illicit drug use and truancy. These findings may help form programs to identify or monitor youths at risk.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic implications of strategies for influenza control among healthy working adults in The Netherlands. METHODS: The economic evaluation was based on a pharmaco-economic model from the societal perspective. This model involves the direct and indirect costs of vaccination or treatment and the direct and indirect savings (averted costs) due to the control strategy. Control strategies comprised treatment with oseltamivir and prevention with the influenza vaccine. Clinical and economic parameter estimates were derived from published literature, databases and expert opinions. Several scenarios for age-groups and employment contracts (full-time versus not) were elaborated in combination with Monte Carlo simulation for probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Consistently, net cost savings are estimated over the range of age groups and scenarios considered. Net savings are smallest for half-time workers. Incremental analysis indicates that on average prevention renders higher cost savings than treatment. CONCLUSION: We found a consistent picture of net cost savings for prevention through vaccination and treatment with oseltamivir of influenza in healthy working adults in The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the gender effect on irritable bowel syndrome in Asia. AIM: To assess the gender difference in Chinese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome meeting Rome II criteria. METHODS: Irritable bowel syndrome was identified from an apparently healthy adult population receiving a routine health maintenance program (n = 2018). RESULTS: Female gender is not a factor associated with irritable bowel syndrome or irritable bowel syndrome-related health care-seeking behaviour. Female irritable bowel syndrome subjects, irrespective of consulting behaviour for irritable bowel syndrome, are likely to have < 3 bowel movements/week, hard/lumpy stools and abdominal fullness/bloating (P < 0.05). Female irritable bowel syndrome subjects are prone to be absent from school/work with more days of absenteeism, irrespective of consultation status (P < 0.05). Only female irritable bowel syndrome consulters have more absenteeism for their irritable bowel syndrome-related symptoms, reporting more sleep disturbances than their male counterparts (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In an apparent healthy adult population in Taiwan, gender difference is present in Rome II defined Chinese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome as regards bowel symptoms, social impact and sleep quality. Female predominance was not found in irritable bowel syndrome subjects and irritable bowel syndrome-related health care-seeking behaviour in the current population. Both irritable bowel syndrome non-consulters and consulters have similar gender difference profiles in presenting symptoms, suggesting that bowel symptoms per se may not be the only factor leading to health care-seeking behaviour. The gender differences in sleep problems were observed solely in irritable bowel syndrome consulter.