PubMed · 14942508
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ROSENSTIEL. 1951-11-30. [Intestinal fermentation].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14942508/
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Petechial hemorrhages or ecchymoses in the skin of the face and/or in eyelids and/or conjunctivae are one important feature in postmortem diagnosis of lethal strangulation. On the other hand, petechial bleedings can occur in various causes of death, especially in cases of neck or thoracic compression, they can occur in acute cardiac failure, as a result of blood or skin diseases or as a postmortem phenomenon. The focus of this investigation (retrospective study of 279 corpses, found initially in a prone position or some other face down position) was to analyse the frequency of postmortem (hypostatic) hemorrhages and factors which may influence their development. Petechial hemorrhages in livor mortis in the skin of the trunk and extremities were found in 110 cases (39%). The frequency ranged from 41% in the side position and 44% in the kneeling position to 50% in the prone position. Increasing intensity of livor mortis resulted in an increasing frequency of hemorrhages, up to 59%. In cases with a body-mass-index (BMI) of more than 26 the frequency of hemorrhages increased up to 64%. In cases without livor mortis when the corpses were found as well as in cases with complete movement of livor mortis after turning the corpses, no hemorrhages were found. If hypostasis was partly or completely fixed, the rate of hemorrhages increased up to 50%, without additional increase in longer postmortem intervals. Obviously postmortem petechiae develop neither very soon nor days after death, but within a period of several hours after death.
We have previously demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract from Pterodon pubescens Benth. seeds (sucupira branca, Leguminosae) exhibits anti-arthritic activity and that its oleaginous extract (OEP) and PF1 fraction exhibit acute and topic anti-edematogenic activities. In this work, we studied the antinociceptive activity of OEP and its fractions on the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin assays in SW male mice. OEP was obtained by ethanol extraction and its four fractions by sequential liquid-liquid extraction. PF2 GC/MS profile indicated it contains furane diterpenes derivatives of vouacapan and non-vouacapan compounds. The antinociceptive properties were demonstrated to OEP and predominantly to PF1 and PF2 by the writhing test. In the formalin assay, PF1 inhibited both phases and PF2 inhibited mainly the late one. Then, PF1 and PF2 seemed to present antinociceptive effects by different mechanisms, peripheral and/or central inhibitory ones, and showed maximum antinociceptive properties with very low doses, providing a rationale for its popular use in pain disorders.
BACKGROUND: The use of M-mode sonography for evaluation of diaphragmatic motion has only been previously reported in small series of children, and its use is not widespread among pediatric radiologists. OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with M-mode sonography in the evaluation of diaphragmatic motion in a large number of children with suspected diaphragmatic paralysis, to describe the technique used and to correlate sonographic findings with chest radiographs and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all M-mode sonograms performed in children from September 1999 to December 2003. The available chest radiographs and the clinical findings were reviewed and correlated with the sonographic findings. RESULTS: A total of 742 hemidiaphragms were evaluated in 278 children. There was no visualization of the left hemidiaphragm in 2 children (0.71%). Movement of the right hemidiaphragm was normal in 238 and abnormal in 131. Movement of the left hemidiaphragm was normal in 232 and abnormal in 135. Abnormal diaphragmatic movement was present in 118 (63%) of 187 children in whom chest radiographs had shown normal position of the hemidiaphragms. Follow-up examinations were obtained in 56 children, revealing improvement in diaphragmatic motion in 26, no change in 23 and deterioration of motion in seven. SUMMARY: M-mode sonography should be the modality of choice to assess diaphragmatic motion, as it can easily depict diaphragmatic dysfunction and allows comparison of changes in follow-up studies. Normal chest radiographs are poor predictors of normal diaphragmatic motion.