PubMed · 1489435
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F W Putnam. 1992. Multiple personality disorder.. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.3.415b
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D. Oyserman, H. M. Coon, and M. Kemmelmeier (2002) challenge the stereotype that European Americans are more individualistic and less collectivistic than persons from most other ethnic groups. The author contends that this stereotype took firm empirical root with G. Hofstede's (1980) monumental publication identifying the United States as the most individualistic of his then 40 nations. This empirical designation arose because of challengeable decisions Hofstede made about the analysis of his data and the labeling of his dimensions. The conflation of concepts under the rubric of cultural individualism plus psychologists' unwarranted psychologizing of the construct then combined with Hofstede's empirical location of America to set a 20-year agenda for data collection. Oyserman et al. disentangle and organize this mass of studies, enabling the discipline of cross-cultural psychology to forge ahead in more productive directions, less reliant on previous assumptions and measures.
This article explores the challenges of working cross-culturally as a facilitator and teacher of imagework - an interactive imagery and personal development process. It discusses the use of imagery in different contexts and highlights the cultural background of Japan and the psychological conditions into which imagework was introduced. This unique approach demonstrates how the unconscious, through the symbolic language of images, expresses more about our humanity than it does about our cultural diversity.
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