PubMed · 14815920
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H J SHEPPARD, L J MASTACHE. 1951-03-01. Developments in driver selection and training.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14815920/
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Fiber evidence found on a suspect vehicle was the only useful trace to reconstruct the dynamics of the transportation of two corpses. Optical microscopy, UV-Vis microspectrophotometry and infrared analysis were employed to compare fibers recovered in the trunk of a car to those of the blankets composing the wrapping in which the victims had been hidden. A "pseudo-1:1" taping permitted to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the traces and to further strengthen the support to one of the hypotheses. The Likelihood Ratio (LR) was calculated, in order to quantify the support given by forensic evidence to the explanations proposed. A generalization of the Likelihood Ratio equation to cases analogous to this has been derived. Fibers were the only traces that helped in the corroboration of the crime scenario, being absent any DNA, fingerprints and ballistic evidence.
Two state-of-the-art thermal observation manikins were designed and built for use in automobile applications. These manikins not only apply the latest data acquisition and control technology but also incorporate new manufacturing and sensor technology for improved performance. The manikins are equipped with 26 segments that can be easily removed for maintenance and replacement. Furthermore, their unique design offers an important and a major improvement over previous manikin designs by incorporating heat flux transducers (HFTs) to measure heat gain when exposed to external heating conditions. The HFTs provide these manikins the ability to measure heat flux to or from the environment, regardless of segment skin temperature. The end goal for these manikins is to incorporate a subjective model of thermal comfort along with a human thermal physiological model to produce a thermal sensation vote based on a combination of HFTs, temperature sensors, and heater power measurements. This paper discusses the need for two identical research quality thermal manikins and presents the details of the design and construction of two identical thermal manikins and the associated data acquisition and control software.
The study of regional variations and the anthropogenic contamination by metals of soils is very important for environmental planning and monitoring in urban areas. An extensive survey was conducted in the highly urbanized Kowloon area (46.9 km(2)) of Hong Kong, using a systematic sampling strategy with a sampling density of 3-5 composite soil samples (0-15 cm) per km(2). Geochemical maps of 'total' metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) from strong acid extraction in the surface soils were produced based on geographical information system (GIS) technology. A significant spatial relationship was found for Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soils using a GIS-based analysis, suggesting that these metal contaminants in the soils of the Kowloon area had common sources. Several hot-spot areas of metal contamination were identified from the composite metal geochemical map, mainly in the old industrial and residential areas. A further GIS analysis revealed that road junctions, major roads and industrial buildings were possible sources of heavy metals in the urban soils. The Pb isotope composition of the contaminated soils showed clear anthropogenic origins.