PubMed · 14311220
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T HELLBRUEGGE. 1965. [TIME STRUCTURES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14311220/
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether interferon therapy during human pregnancy increases reproductive risks in women. METHODS: This longitudinal, controlled cohort study consisted of three groups of women: an exposed group, a disease matched unexposed group, and a healthy comparative group. Subjects were selected from women contacting the Motherisk Program regarding maternal beta interferon exposure, mostly for multiple sclerosis during pregnancy, from 1997 to 2004. After delivery all of the women were re-contacted for a follow-up interview regarding maternal health, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal health. RESULTS: The study group (n = 16 women, 23 pregnancies) were exposed to interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif) and interferon-1b (Betaseron). There was a decrease in mean birth weight in the exposed group (3,189 +/- 416 g) as compared to healthy controls (3,783 +/- 412 g, p = 0.002). Women exposed to beta interferon had a higher rate of miscarriages and stillbirths (39.1%) vs healthy controls (5%) (p = 0.03), even after correction for potential confounders. There were two major malformations (abnormality in the X chromosome, Down's syndrome) among exposed fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: Beta interferon therapy in the first trimester of pregnancy appears to be associated with an increased risk for fetal loss and low birth weight.
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An unusual female case, with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) disseminated from the primary hepatic lesion to the brain by metastasis formation, was retrospectively identified during a community survey in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwest China in 2003. Among possible metastases of hepatic AE, locations to the brain are rare and usually fatal; and they have especially been assigned to concomitant immune suppression. An enhancing role of pregnancy, which may be suspected in this case, the favourable outcome after surgery and chemotherapy, and also a mental disability in a child following long-term intrauterine exposure to mebendazole, make the report particularly unique.