PubMed · 11363412
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1996-03-08. Testing corpses.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11363412/
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A panel of ethicists, organ procurement organization executives, physicians, and surgeons was convened by the sponsorship of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons to determine whether an ethically acceptable pilot trial could be proposed to provide a financial incentive for a family to consent to the donation of organs from a deceased relative. An ethical methodology was developed that could be applied to any proposal for monetary compensation to elucidate its ethical acceptability. An inverse relationship between financial incentives for increasing the families' consent for cadaver donation that clearly would be ethically acceptable (e.g., a contribution to a charity chosen by the family or a reimbursement for funeral expenses) and those approaches that would more likely increase the rate of donation (e.g., direct payment or tax incentive) was evident. The panel was unanimously opposed to the exchange of money for cadaver donor organs because either a direct payment or tax incentive would violate the ideal standard of altruism in organ donation and unacceptably commercialize the value of human life by commodifying donated organs. However, a majority of the panel members supported reimbursement for funeral expenses or a charitable contribution as an ethically permissible approach. The panel concluded that the concept of the organ as a gift could be sustained by a funeral reimbursement or charitable contribution that conveyed the appreciation of society to the family for their donation. Depending on the amount of reimbursement provided for funeral expenses, this approach could be ethically distinguished from a direct payment, by their intrusion into the realm of altruism and voluntariness. We suggest that a pilot project be conducted to determine whether this kind of a financial incentive would be acceptable to the public and successful in increasing organ donation.
It is strange that all textbooks of anatomy describe the depressor septi nasi muscle singly, without an antagonist. Incidentally, in 1986, a small rod of soft tissue was found between the medial crura of the two alar cartilages during a rhinoplastic operation with the external approach technique of Anderson and Ries. From 1990 through 1995, anatomic dissections of the nasolabial region under 3.5x loupe magnification were performed on 14 Chinese formalin-preserved cadavers, one fresh Chinese cadaver, and one fresh American white female cadaver. The small soft-tissue rod was found in every one of the dissected cadavers, and it was seen to be a pair of muscles. Each one of these paired small muscles arose from the aponeurosis on the dorsum of the nose and inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip at the base of the columella and to the anterior spine of the maxilla. Histologic examinations of these muscles stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome showed that they were striated muscles. According to its origin and insertion, this newly found muscle was called the "levator septi nasi." Its clinical significance in cleft lip deformity and its relations to the orbicularis oris muscle, the dermocartilaginous ligament of Pitanguy, and the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system of Letourneau and Daniel are all discussed.
Transplant candidates are extensively evaluated before being wait-listed for cadaver transplantation. Yet many wait a number of years before being transplanted. We propose guidelines for regular cardiac re-evaluation for patients on the waiting list.