Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Iowa”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Dietary survey of low-income, rural families in Iowa and North Carolina. III. Contribution of food groups to nutrients.

Percentage contributions of specific food groups indicated in the Basic 4 to protein, calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid in one day's diets of thirty-five Iowa families and twenty-five North Carolina families are reported. All members of the families ate all meals at home. Their diets met or exceeded two-thirds of the 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowances for seven nutrients. Data were collected by the 24-hr. recall method. While the percentage contribution of the meat group to protein intake of the North Carolina families ranged from zero to 84 per cent, that of the Iowa group was from 35 to 85 per cent. The range for the percentage contribution of the milk group to calcium intake of North Carolina families was similar; however, in the Iowa group the range was from 2 to 97 per cent. The vitamin A-rich fruit and vegetable group contributed from zero to 99 per cent for the North Carolina families of vitamin A intake and from zero to 88 per cent for the Iowa group. Ascorbic acid-rich fruits and vegetables contributed from zero to 100 per cent of the ascorbic acid intake of the Iowa group and from zero to 95 per cent in North Carolina families. The results support the argument that the exclusive use of the "Daily Food Guide" or the "Basic 4" to assess nutritional intake of diets may produce biased in formation.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Identification of a plant-derived mollicute as a strain of an avian pathogen, Mycoplasma iowae, and its implications for mollicute taxonomy.

Strain PPAV, a filamentous but nonhelical mollicute, was isolated from aborted apple seeds in France in late 1979. This organism grew well in SP-4 broth, fermented glucose, and required sterol for growth, and most of its properties suggested that it belonged to the genus Mycoplasma. However, it was serologically distinct; in addition, unlike other Mycoplasma species, genome measurements consistently yielded values of about 1,000 MDa (ca. 1,500 kbp), and the organism had a growth temperature optimum of 43 degrees C. A comparison of strain PPAV 16S rRNA sequences with those of other mollicutes revealed a high degree of sequence similarity to a strain of Mycoplasma iowae, which is commonly encountered in poultry. This relationship was confirmed by performing a restriction endonuclease pattern analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization tests. The genome size of type strain 695 of M. iowae was determined to be about 1,000 MDa (1,500 kbp) by renaturation kinetics, a value which is much higher than any other value known in the genus. Additional measurements by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded values of 1,300 kbp for both strain PPAV and M. iowae. Subsequent phenotypic comparisons supported this relationship. Serologic tests with strain PPAV and other strains of M. iowae confirmed the findings of other investigators that this species is serologically heterogeneous. The high optimum temperature for growth of strain PPAV was also shared by a number of M. iowae isolates. Genome size is an inappropriate character for taxonomic assignment to the family Mycoplasmataceae because strain PPAV and other established species in this family are now known to have genomes ranging in size from 1,000 to 1,400 kbp.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iowa PK Press for donor corneas--a comparative study of donor corneal shape.

BACKGROUND: A new cornea press for cutting donor corneal buttons from the endothelial side, the Iowa PK Press, is described. Major modifications of the Bourne Press include a spring-activated piston without lateral sway, a centering device for a Teflon cutting pad, and the ability to accommodate a wider range of trephine sizes (6.2 mm to 10.0 mm). METHODS: The Iowa PK Press was compared with the Bourne Corneal Press and trephination by hand in a series of 15 donor cornea trephinations. Measurements taken from photographs of the buttons included endothelial diameter, epithelial diameter, and edge angles. RESULTS: The Iowa PK press cut buttons that had a slightly larger epithelial and endothelial diameter when compared to hand trephination (p < .05, analysis of variance) with less undercutting of the endothelial surface. There was no statistically significant difference in epithelial and endothelial diameters, eccentricity, or edge angles between the two presses. CONCLUSIONS: The Iowa PK Press is more versatile than the Bourne Press in terms of the potential range of diameter of corneal buttons that can be created.

Cell Size↗
PubMed1992

Dietary assessment of older Iowa women with a food frequency questionnaire: nutrient intake, reproducibility, and comparison with 24-hour dietary recall interviews.

The authors report the results of a dietary survey of 38,121 Iowa women, 55-69 years of age in 1986, based on a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire previously tested among Boston-area women aged 34-59 years. The Iowa women, compared with the younger Boston-area women, consumed a similar amount of calories (1,767 vs. 1,844 kcal) and a similar amount of total calories from fat (35 vs. 37%) but had markedly greater intake of the following micronutrients after including supplement use: iron (+18%), calcium (+33%), vitamin A (+43%), riboflavin (+46%), thiamine (+50%), and pyridoxine (+122%). The reproducibility of the questionnaire was examined in two more administrations to 44 of the Iowa women in January and June of 1988. Reproducibility was highest for alcohol (Pearson's r = 0.99), caffeine (r = 0.95), and vitamin E (r = 0.90) and lowest for sucrose (r = 0.53), polyunsaturated fat (r = 0.56), and iron (r = 0.59). Micronutrient intakes were generally more reproducible than macronutrient intakes. The agreement between the June 1988 questionnaire and the average of five 24-hour dietary recalls was also assessed in the 44 subjects. The median correlations of energy-adjusted intake were as follows: for macronutrients, r = 0.45; for micronutrients without supplements, r = 0.33; and for micronutrients with supplements, r = 0.64. This food frequency questionnaire appears to be reasonably reproducible and accurate, so that its use may be extended to epidemiologic studies of older women with a broad range of socioeconomic backgrounds.

Energy Intake↗
PubMed1975

Host preferences of Aedes trivittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Iowa.

The vertebrate host preferences of Aedes trivittatus mosquitoes were studied to gain an insight into the possible hosts of trivittatus (TVT) virus (California encephalitis group) in Iowa. Engorged mosquitoes were collected with a Malaise trap and Dry Ice-baited CDC miniature light traps. The origin of mosquito blood meals was determined by the capillary tube precipitin test. Of 600 A. trivittatus blood meals tested, 409 (68.2%) reacted positively with anti-rabbit serum. The incidences of mosquitoes feeding on other vertebrate species ranged from 0.2% to 2.5%. The vertebrate host preferences of A. trivittatus suggest a close association between this mosquito species and the eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus) in central Iowa. Furthermore, the results indicate that the eastern cottontail rabbit may be an important host for TVT virus in Iowa.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

Lead intoxication in Iowa children.

In Iowa, there are over 600,000 residential units built before 1950 which are high risk environments for children due to deteriorating lead paint. However, there are relatively few lead screening programs in Iowa, and only selected children in Iowa have been screened.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of health needs of older adults in northwest Johnson County, Iowa.

In 1975, the 1972 survey by the DuPage County, Illinois, Health Department (Managan et al. 1974) was replicated in an eight-township area of Johnson County, Iowa, to compare and document areas of nursing needs for the nursing division of a rural health center and to determine if the Illinois findings were generalizable to a setting which included both similarities and differences. The DuPage County population was urban, while the Johnson County population had a strong farm background and the majority of the subjects still resided on a farm. The DuPage County sample of 1,466 represented approximately 5 percent of the elderly population. The sample size in the Johnson County study was only 82; however, it represented approximately 10 percent of the elderly in the eight townships of the study area. The method of interviewing in the resident's homes was replicated as was DuPage's method of statistical analysis. Comparison of data from the two counties showed striking similarities in all parameters: health condition, physical functioning accessibility of medical care, social isolation, and service needs. Both studies found need for additional health services. A multiple disciplinary service approach to health needs would assist the elderly to remain in their own homes longer and to improve the quality of their lives. In the Iowa study, four questions to determine satisfaction with present living facilities and with adequacy of income for needed medical and dental costs were added. When these answers were compared to two previous Iowa studies, findings were similar.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

The Iowa 500: field work in a 35-year follow-up of depression, mania, and schizophrenia.

This paper reports a follow-up and family study being carried out at the University of Iowa College of Medicine on primary affective disorders and schizophrenia in patients hospitalized thirty-five years ago. The purpose of this project is to obtain objective data to shed light on our understanding of these two major functional psychoses -- their diagnostic validity, clinical features, course and outcome, heterogeneity, life histories, related illnesses and characteristics of familial association. This research started with 525 patients selected from inpatients consecutively admitted to the Iowa Psychopathic Hospital between 1934 and 1944, and with a stratified random sample of 160 surgical patients admitted to the University General Hospital during the same period. A specially designed structured interview form -- the Iowa Structured Psychiatric Interview (ISPI) -- is used to follow up all living index patients, and as many of their living first-degree relatives as possible. At this time, over one-third of the estimated total study population of three thousand patients and relatives have been personally interviewed, and the preliminary findings are reported here.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antigenic heterogeneity in Mycoplasma iowae demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies.

Western blots of proteins of 14 Mycoplasma iowae strains and isolates resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were probed with three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), MI6, MI7, and MI8. MAb MI6 reacted with one or more antigens with apparent molecular weights of 60,000, 70,000, and 94,000. In three strains (N-PHN-D13, R-D2497, and K 1805), antigens located on a single peptide band were recognized, while in others additional epitopes at different molecular-weight positions were revealed. A similar pattern was observed with MAb MI7, although it reacted with fewer antigens than did MAb MI6 and failed to recognize antigens in strains N-PHN-D13 and R-D2497. MAb MI8 reacted with an antigen at an apparent molecular-weight position of 28,000 in four of the 14 strains and isolates. The diverse reaction patterns observed with the MAbs in the 14 M. iowae strains and isolates confirms the occurrence of antigenic variation within this species. Antigenic variation in M. iowae may be pivotal in determining host-parasite interactions, pathogenesis, and the outcome of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The Iowa Medical Information Network: a concept.

Iowa Methodist Medical Center (IMMC) was one of the nation's early developers of a "hospital/physician" system, entering the arena during October 1985, under the direction of Ginny Wagner. Their "MOLI-Link" system now serves over 150 physicians in 50 locations, and is currently undergoing significant enhancement. MOLI-Link was originally developed using Annson Systems (IBAX) products, and has recently migrated to Wallace Computer Services (Wal-Link) software. Over the past 4 years, IMMC has investigated wide-area medical information networking, and is now actively investigating development of the Iowa Medical Information Network. It is envisioned that IMIN would provide clinical, administrative, and educational information services throughout the IMMC 37 county referral area.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

The epidemiology of toxoplasmosis on Iowa swine farms with an emphasis on the roles of free-living mammals.

Multiparous sows from 19 central Iowa swine farms were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by the modified direct agglutination test. Antibody titers of 1:32 or greater were considered positive. Rodents, domestic cats, opossums (Didelphis virginiana), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were live-trapped on each farm and similarly tested for antibodies. The overall prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the species tested was 39/273 (14.3%) swine, 31/74 (41.9%) cats, 2/588 (0.3%) house mice (Mus musculus), 0/21 mice of the genus Peromyscus, 0/9 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), 1/34 (2.9%) opossums, 4/14 (28.6%) raccoons and 2/7 (28.6%) striped skunks. The overall prevalence was significantly greater in adult cats versus juvenile cats, adult male cats versus adult female cats, and adult raccoons versus juvenile raccoons. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in sows was compared with the prevalence in each non-swine species on a farm basis in order to identify existing associations. The prevalence in sows (and each of the non-swine species) was also analyzed on a farm basis for association with farm characteristics or swine management practices, including the degree of confinement of swine, population size and average parity of breeding female swine, estimated cat population size, and estimated mouse and rat abundance. Average titers of seropositive animals were compared on a species basis. The prevalence in sows which were totally and continuously confined was lower than that in sows which were not totally and continuously confined. The prevalence in sows from farms with an average parity of less than 2.0 was significantly lower than that in sows from farms with an average parity of 2.0 or greater. These results suggested that the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in swine increased with age and that prevalence in swine could be reduced through total confinement. No associations could be established between prevalence in sows and prevalence in non-swine species or other farm characteristics/swine management practices. However, the high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in cats suggested that fecal contamination of the environment by cats may be the most significant source of toxoplasmosis for swine. The extremely low prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in house mice suggested that this species was not an important source of T. gondii for swine in Iowa.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

28. The nursing home project of the Iowa Health Services Data System.

The long-term care project of the Iowa Hospital Association has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of a multipurpose data system for nursing homes and related institutions. Important features of the Iowa system are emphasis on the needs and constraints of those providing care and collecting the data; prior establishment of specific criteria for the content of the system; the use of three related forms (admission, evaluation, and discharge) to produce current reports; and ease, flexibility, and transferability. A significant byproduct of the demonstration project was improved record keeping and patient care planning by the 14 participating facilities. Major problems encountered were lack of experience on the part of nursing homes and external regulatory agencies in defining their data needs and using data effectively, and financial support. Contribution to cost by external agencies in return for data and a major commitment to educational programs, both initial and continuing, are seen as essential to the success of long-term care data systems.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1992

Consequences of increasing alcohol availability: the Iowa experience revisited.

Before/after survey data were used to investigate the effect that a sudden and dramatic wine and spirits availability increase in Iowa might have had on heavy and problem drinker rates. Three state surveys representing the age 18+ non-institutionalized population of Iowa were conducted in 1985, 1986 and 1989. Neither previous sales analyses nor this survey data analysis support the Distribution of Consumption Prevention Model prediction that increased wine and spirits availability would produce significant and lasting consumption increases and, in turn, heavy drinker and problem drinker prevalence rate increases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Dietary survey of low-income, rural families in Iowa and North Carolina. II. Family distribution of dietary adequacy.

Distribution patterns of Iowa and North Carolina families for dietary adequacy at various income levels were compared according to: (a) two family dietary standards, based on the 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowance and the Ten-State Nutrition Survey dietary standards, and (b) two income standards, family income and per capita income. A 24-hr. recall method was used to collect the dietary data. Nutrients studied included: protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin. Clear differences emerged in family distribution patterns by the two dietary standards and by the two income standards. Comparison of family distribution patterns for dietary intake by the two standards showed that percentages of families with poor nutrient intakes were lower by Ten-State evaluation than for the recommended allowance evaluation, except for protein and iron. For example, the percentage of families with poor calcium intakes, by Ten-State criteria, was approximately half that measured by the recommended allowances. While, according to the latter, calcium was the most limiting nutrient in many family diets, vitamin A was most limiting by Ten-State evaluation. The proportions of families with poor ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin intakes were also lower by Ten-State standards. While the iron adequacy remained approximately the same by both dietary standards, the percentage of families with poor protein intakes was higher by the Ten-State criteria. A higher percentage of families at each income level had fair and good diets by Ten-State comparison. Family distribution patterns for intakes of individual nutrients at various family income levels demonstrated a positive relationship between nutritional intake and income. Proportions of families with poor nutrient intakes according to per capita income tended to increase with the income level. For both income standards, the percentages of families with good and fair diets in the total family sample gradually increased with income. Percentages of Iowa families with fair and good diets at various income levels were, in general, higher than those of North Carolina families. The lowest and the highest percentages of families with poor diets of two population groups were higher for per capita income distribution than for family income distribution.

Adolescent↗