PubMed · 11243893
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M Carbone. 2001. Introduction.. https://doi.org/10.1006/scbi.2000.0340
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A sensitive, simple, and instrument-independent method for the visual detection and identification of multiple nucleic acid amplicons by dipstick has been developed. This method is based on nucleic acid hybridization on the dipstick membrane and a signal amplification system to allow visual detection. With hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as model analytes, it is demonstrated that the visual dipstick test combined with multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for the amplification of viral nucleic acid provides a specific and sensitive detection method. The RT-PCR products were detected by the dipstick with an efficiency similar to that of a complex, expensive, and instrument-dependent method based on fluorogenic oligonucleotide probes. The detection limits of the dipstick combined with multiplex RT-PCR were 50, 125, and 500 IU/ml for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV-1 RNA, respectively. The dipstick assay detected with similar efficiencies amplicons derived from strains of HBV genotypes A through F, HCV genotypes 1 to 6, and HIV-1 subtypes A through H as well as CRF02 circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1. Analysis of 295 clinical samples and 19 pools of 10 plasma specimens from blood donors revealed that multiplex dipstick detection was reproducible, sensitive, and specific. The visual dipstick detection of multiple amplicons thus provides an attractive alternative to complex, instrument-dependent detection methods currently in use for nucleic acid testing. This new and sensitive method for nucleic acid detection should increase the availability of genomic screening in resource-limited settings and its applicability to near-patient testing.
Definitive genetic parameters correlating with mother-to-child transmission (MCT) of HIV have not been fully established. We screened for the potential correlation between HLA-G variants and MCT, in a cohort of mother-child pairs. Discordance in exon 2 of HLA-G was significantly more common among non-transmitting (93%) than transmitting mother-child pairs (40%). Our results suggest that mother-child pairs both carrying the identical mutation in HLA-G exon 2 may be at higher risk of MCT of HIV-1.
The symposium on Virus Infections and Tumors of the Oral Mucosae was organized as a joint meeting of the Arbeitskreis Oralpathologie and Oralmedizin and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Infektiologie (ADI) der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. The main topics of the meeting were herpes virus infections, human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections of the oral mucosae. Clinically both diagnostic, differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the virus-associated diseases were discussed in several presentations. Another important issue was the role of these viruses, particularly of HPVs, in the origin and development of oral cancer. Apparently besides smoking and alcohol other risk factors comprise high risk HPVs, immunodeficiency and possibly also genetic factors. Whether neonatal early infections may predispose children to a specific cancer risk in their future life is still at a level of discussion. Some arguments, however were shown that tonsillar carcinoma, which shows the highest prevalence of the high-risk HPV 16- DNA sequences between all oral cancer, is possibly an epidemiologically and etiologically distinct tumor. It is argued that this tumor is probably less dependent on classical carcinogens than other oral malignant tumors.