Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to M Carbone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

SV40 small t deletion mutants preferentially transform mononuclear phagocytes and B lymphocytes in vivo.

Hamsters injected intracardiacally with wild-type SV40 developed diverse tumors, with no one type predominating. However, hamsters injected with small t deletion mutants of SV40 uniformly developed true histiocytic or B-cell lymphomas, both of which arise from rapidly dividing cell populations, with very few tumors of other types. Our results are consistent with in vitro studies which suggest a requirement for the small t function in SV40 transformation of nondividing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of rufloxacin in Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice.

This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of rufloxacin, a new quinolone which is interesting due to its pharmacokinetics characterized by a long plasma half-life, in the treatment of systemic salmonella infections in the mouse typhoid model. Innately susceptible BALB/c and resistant CBA mice were used to investigate the efficacy of rufloxacin in controlling systemic salmonella infections when given for brief or prolonged periods. The present study shows that rufloxacin is not only very effective on both mouse strains, but can completely eradicate the salmonellae from livers and spleens when given early in the infection of CBA resistant mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Simian virus 40 (SV40) small t antigen inhibits SV40 DNA replication in vitro.

We describe a biochemical function of simian virus 40 small t antigen, the inhibition of simian virus 40 large T antigen-mediated viral DNA replication in an in vitro replication system. Our results suggest that in this system, small t antigen prevents protein phosphatase 2A-mediated activation of large T antigen.

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients.

Anti-HCV prevalence in 284 hemodialysis patients was assessed using the Abbott HCV-EIA test. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 19.4% of patients, was higher in males than in females and progressively increased with age. A correlation between time of dialysis treatment, transfusions and ALT course was found. These data suggest that HCV infection is a very important risk in dialysis units.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenicity and efficacy of anti-hepatitis B vaccines in hemodialysis patients.

The 7-year follow-up with plasma-derived and 2-year follow-up with r-DNA vaccines have indicated the safety, immunogenicity and persistence of a vaccine-induced antibody response in hemodialysis patients. The results of our study indicate that these subjects have a lower and often inadequate immunogenic response to the HB vaccine and that the r-DNA vaccine gives a better seroconversion rate than the plasma-derived vaccines.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1992

[Oral lichen planus and liver pathology. I. The prevalence of liver damage in a case load of 96 patients with oral lichen planus].

In order to evaluate if oral lichen planus (OLP) may be regarded as a marker of even unknown liver disease, 96 incident OLP cases were screened through anamnestic, laboratory, instrumental investigations and gastroenterology consultation. The frequency of hepatopathies was 23/96 (24%): 7 had cirrhosis, 3 had chronic active hepatitis, 2 had chronic persistent hepatitis, 10 steatosis and 1 had undetermined liver disease. Eleven of these 23 patients (48%) had unknown hepatopathies, although five of them had severe liver disorders (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis). Forty-four of 73 patients without definite liver disorders (60%) had at least one abnormal liver parameter. This results confirm frequent association of OLP with hepatic damage and moreover it shown that OLP may be an important clinical sign of symptomless hepatopathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Oral lichen planus and liver pathology. II. The clinico-statistical correlations between oral manifestations and liver damage].

To characterize with more precision the association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and hepatopathies, 96 patients with OLP were separated in two groups ordered by presence or absence of liver diseases comparing some variables (age, sex, presence of pain, clinical variety, presence of skin lesions, alcohol consumption and exposure to drugs inducing hepatic injury) and evaluating the statistical significance. Factors associated with increased frequency of liver diseases were erosive variety of OLP (p = 0.024) and presence of pain (p = 0.026) (chi square test with Yates correction). It's confirmed that OLP patients with higher risk of liver disease are those that have erosive lesions with severe symptoms and often diffused in the entire oral cavity; furthermore, it's highlighted that the probability to find liver disease associated with reticular and plaque-like form of OLP is low, but not negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Oral candidiasis as the first manifestation of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. An analysis of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases in which unexplained oral candidiasis led to the diagnosis of HIV infection with clinical form of AIDS-related complex (ARC). It is highlighted that the dentist showed investigate the causes of every unexplained oral candidiasis in adult because this opportunist infection may be the first sign of immunosuppression associated with AIDS and AIDS-related syndromes.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients: study of risk factors.

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was assessed in 246 hemodialysis patients who attended a dialysis unit in Bari, using a recombinant enzyme immunoassay test (Abbot Lab.). Fifty-six (22.8%) sera were reactive to anti-HCV. The reactivity was confirmed in 46 specimens (18.7%) using the Abbott EIA HCV neutralization test. The anti-HCV prevalence was higher in males than in females and increased with age, duration of dialysis and number of transfusions. Moreover, a correlation between the presence of anti-HCV and the persistent increase of ALT was noted. The HCV-infection attack rate was calculated using the frozen sera collected from 1984 to 1990: the incidence of infection in the first year was 6.1%, and in following years 4.6%, 4.9%, 3.1%, 2.1% and 2.2%, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adrenal incidentalomas: what is the role of fine needle biopsy?

A series of 13 patients with incidental adrenal mass discovered by computed tomography or/and ultrasound is reported. In 5 cases endocrine evaluation and radiological criteria suggested the diagnosis of the mass. In 8 cases we carried out fine needle biopsy (FNB) under ultrasound guidance. FNB confirmed in two cases the presence of metastatic diseases, in one case adrenal adenoma, in other two cases myelolipoma and in one case lymphoma. Surgical exploration was avoided in all cases. In two cases the presence of an asymptomatic adrenal carcinoma and of a giant adenoma, potentially malignant, was demonstrated by FNB. None of the patients underwent surgical exploration as a final diagnostic measure. In conclusion, FNB may represent a useful tool to select the best modalities of treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Cefixime shows good effects on group A and group B beta-haemolytic streptococci.

There is continued interest in the development of oral beta-lactam compounds, which can be used clinically to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci. Cefixime is a new orally active cephalosporin, with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Cefixime is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. In this study the authors examined the effects of this molecule on Group A and Group B beta-haemolytic streptococci, recently isolated from clinical specimens in the authors' laboratory. MICs and the growth curves of 36 strains of Group A streptococci and the effects of sub-MICs on buccal cell adhesion were evaluated. The results show that concerning the sub-MIC cefixime effect on streptococci adherence, the treatment led to a decrease in adherence to the cells of the strains studied. Moreover cefixime showed good activity with 86.1% of the strains with MIC less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml, and the growth curves demonstrated that the molecule possesses a bactericidal effect after 3 h. Concerning Group B streptococci, 70.3% of the strains showed a MIC less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. In conclusion cefixime demonstrates good activity on beta-haemolytic streptococci, particularly those of Group A.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1990

[Methodologic and therapeutic approach to patients in shock].

The authors extensively review pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the several forms of shock. Then they report a statistical evaluation of the incidence of the different shocks in the Campania area and an analysis of the therapeutic protocols used in several medical centers. From January 1983 to May 1986, 212 patients in shock have been followed: 90 patients with hypovolemic shock; 81 patients with cardiac shock; 24 patients with shock caused by abnormal peripheral distribution; 17 patients with obstructive shock; Furthermore, from January to May 1986, in a multicenter cooperative study (69 medical centers evenly distributed all over Italy) operational factors that could be considered prognostic factors have been investigated utilizing a questionnaire. Finally the authors extensively discuss the therapeutic management of shock proposing new therapeutic protocols based on recent knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of the several clinical features investigated.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

A new EcoRI polymorphism at the D21S13 locus.

The D21S13 locus has shown linkage to a gene for familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) on chromosome 21 (St. George-Hyslop et al. 1987). The limited informativeness of probes for this locus have hindered precise mapping of the FAD locus and analysis of nonallelic heterogeneity in FAD (Schellenberg et al. 1988; St. George-Hyslop et al. 1987). We describe a new EcoRI polymorphism at the D21S13 locus that may be useful for the further study of FAD families.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural effects of Nifurtimox on rat adrenal cortex related to reductive biotransformation.

Nifurtimox (Nfx) (4(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino)-3-methylthiomorpholine-1, 1-dioxide) is a drug used against Chagas' disease, a parasitic sickness afflicting several million Latin Americans. Nfx administration to Sprague-Dawley male rats (220-250 g) at a dose of 100 mg/kg caused pronounced alterations in the adrenal cortex involving the fasciculata and reticularis zones but which were not evident in the glomerulosa. Alterations observed involved mitochondria, nuclei, Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum but were more intense in the mitochondria. There is Nfx nitroreductase activity in the adrenal microsomal, mitochondrial, and cytosolic-rich fractions but most of it is in the mitochondrial-rich fraction. Activity in the first two fractions requires NADPH and that in the cytosol is only observed in the presence of hypoxanthine as substrate. Enzymatic activity in all fractions is inhibited by oxygen. CO does not inhibit mitochondrial Nfx nitroreductase and inhibits only 10% of the microsomal enzyme activity. Hypoxanthine-dependent cytosolic activity is inhibited by allopurinol. Present results suggest that Nfx is activated to damage-producing reactive metabolites by nitroreductive biotransformation in rat adrenal organelles. Mitochondrial and microsomal bioactivation would occur at the level of the flavoenzyme P-450 reductase rather than at P-450 itself, and cytosolic bioactivation would be mediated by xanthine oxidase. Epidemiological studies on adrenal function in patients undergoing Nfx treatment would be necessary to establish the potential toxicological relevance of these findings.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1990

Beta-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam, ampicillin, cefazolin and ceftazidime) in the control and eradication of Salmonella typhimurium in naturally resistant and susceptible mice.

This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of different beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of systemic salmonella infections in the mouse typhoid model. Innately susceptible BALB/c (Itys) and resistant CBA (Ityr) mice were used to investigate the efficacy of one monocyclic (aztreonam) and three bicyclic (ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime) beta-lactam antibiotics in controlling systemic salmonella infections when given for brief or prolonged periods. The present study confirms and amplifies earlier reports on ampicillin therapy, demonstrates marked differences in the efficacy of the different antibiotics and shows that aztreonam is not only very effective but can completely eradicate the salmonellae from the RES when given early in the infection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

In vitro activity of cefixime: correlation index between MIC and disc diffusion test.

In this study the in vitro antibacterial effects of cefixime are presented. Its activity was studied by evaluation of MICs, MBCs and the disc diffusion susceptibility method on Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Moreover, the coefficient of correlation between MIC values and the disc diffusion susceptibility test was evaluated. The results support the wide antimicrobial activity of cefixime, which appears to be particularly effective against enterobacteria.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗