PubMed · 11019672
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S J Bickston. 2000. Dealing with diverticulitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11019672/
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death despite being largely preventable through polypectomy. AI systems designed to enhance polyp detection during colonoscopy have shown promise, but the extent to which they improve detection of different-sized polyps remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the size-stratified efficacy of AI-assisted colonoscopy vs standard colonoscopy using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method, and generated exploratory rankings while acknowledging all cross-platform comparisons are indirect. METHODS: This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science from inception to July 25, 2026, supplemented by citation searching. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing AI-assisted vs standard colonoscopy in adults (≥18 years of age), reporting mean polyp detection counts stratified by size (≤5 mm, 6-9 mm, and ≥10 mm). Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0. We conducted frequentist NMA using the HKSJ method with restricted maximum likelihood estimation, calculated 95% prediction intervals (PIs), and assessed heterogeneity using I2 and τ2. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework. RESULTS: A total of 13 RCTs (4156 participants) compared 8 AI systems to standard colonoscopy, forming a network without direct AI comparisons. For diminutive polyps (≤5 mm), AI showed a modest advantage (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.35, 95% PI -1.12 to 1.54), but substantial heterogeneity (I2=86.6%) and wide PI crossing the null indicated high uncertainty. EndoScreener showed the most consistent evidence (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.54). For small and large polyps, effects were minimal (SMD 0.02, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.06, 95% PI -0.03 to 0.07; SMD 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.02, 95% PI -0.01 to 0.03). GRADE certainty was very low for diminutive polyps and low for small and large polyps. Sensitivity analysis excluding Tianjin YuJin did not materially change findings. CONCLUSIONS: AI may modestly enhance diminutive polyp detection, but effects on small and large polyps are minimal, with no platform superiority. Given very low to low certainty, findings are hypothesis-generating. This exploratory NMA provides size-stratified comparisons that can inform future head-to-head trial design. Unlike prior reviews aggregating all polyp sizes, we show the overall AI benefit is driven by diminutive polyp detection, providing a framework for targeted deployment-prioritizing AI for diminutive polyp screening, with limited value for larger lesions. Head-to-head trials are urgently needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD420251266932; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251266932.
AIM: 15-20% of the patients with colorectal carcinoma is admitted to hospital with symptoms of colonic obstruction. If urgent, subtotal colectomy can not be done, Hartmann operation is performed, that means diverting colostomy and resection followed by a later re-anastomosis. In this article the authors report on the placement of a self-expandable stent for decompression of a malignant colorectal obstruction, which allows elective one stage resection of the tumour affected segment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 63-year-old male patient was admitted with clinical and radiological symptoms of ileus. A total obstruction was found by irrigoscopy at the rectosigmoid transition. An atraumatic guide wire, and a balloon catheter were introduced through the stenotic segment and dilated to 15-mm in diameter. Following that the stenosis was bridged with a SX Ella type, 25-mm diameter, nitiol stent. RESULTS: After the placement of the metal stent the obstruction ceased. Stabilisation of the condition of the patient, proper pre-operative decompression, definition of the tumour stage, appropriate preparation of the patient for the operation became possible. After elective, primary resection the patient recovered without complications. DISCUSSION: There are two main indications for the application of metal stents in colorectal obstructions. One of them is temporary, preoperative decompression in malignant colorectal obstruction. The other one is the palliative treatment of inoperable, malignant large bowel obstructions. In the latter case more complications have to be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Metal stent therapy is an effective and non-invasive, alternative method for preoperative or palliative treatment of malignant colorectal obstructions.
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