PubMed · 10858007
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K English. 2000. More on CAPD. Central Auditory Processing Disorders.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10858007/
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In autism, severe abnormalities in social behavior coexist with aberrant attention and deficient language. In the attentional domain, attention to people and socially relevant stimuli is impaired the most. Because socially meaningful stimulus events are physically complex, a deficiency in sensory processing of complex stimuli has been suggested to contribute to aberrant attention and language in autism. This study used event-related brain potentials (ERP) to examine the sensory and early attentional processing of sounds of different complexity in high-functioning children with autism. Acoustically matched simple tones, complex tones, and vowels were presented in separate oddball sequences, in which a repetitive "standard" sound was occasionally replaced by an infrequent "deviant" sound differing from the standard in frequency (by 10%). In addition to sensory responses, deviant sounds elicited an ERP index of automatic sound-change discrimination, the mismatch negativity, and an ERP index of attentional orienting, the P3a. The sensory sound processing was intact in the high-functioning children with autism and was not affected by sound complexity or "speechness." In contrast, their involuntary orienting was affected by stimulus nature. It was normal to both simple- and complex-tone changes but was entirely abolished by vowel changes. These results demonstrate that, first, auditory orienting deficits in autism cannot be explained by sensory deficits and, second, that orienting deficit in autism might be speech-sound specific.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the neurophysiological characteristics of infants and young children with auditory neuropathy (AN) and explore their clinical significance. METHODS: Audiological measurements (acoustic immittance, EOAEs, ABR, CM, MLR and ERP) and peripheral neurological tests were conducted and evaluated in 13 infants and young children with AN. 6 AN patients received CT scan and/or MRI examination. RESULTS: All patients had type "A" tympanogram and normal CM. Normal EOAEs were elicited in 12 patients. 8 cases had normal MLR recording and 6 cases had normal ERP (P(300) and MMN). Peripheral neurological tests and CT and/or MRI showed normal results. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of AN in infants and young children should focus on analyzing their neurophysiological characteristics. Combined use of EOAEs, ABR and CM was recommended for hearing screening on newborns with high risk factors.
Recent evidence from individuals born with a profound musical impairment suggests that the ability to process pitch information is normally present from birth. This finding supports the idea that the perception and appreciation of music, both of which critically depend on pitch processing, have a biological basis in the brain.