PubMed · 10198844
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R Packard. 1999. Comparing nuclear disassembly techniques.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10198844/
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An investigation of the complex boundaries between adjacent lobes and segments in human cadaveric lungs was undertaken to provide information for the later construction of a three-dimensional model of the segmental and subsegmental anatomy of the human lungs. This was performed by analyzing scanned cross-sections of the lungs after color-coded gelatin had been injected into segmental bronchi and the lungs embedded in gelatin and frozen. The resulting images provided information regarding the pattern of boundaries present between both lobes and segments.
The anatomic features of a transsphenoidal approach are reviewed, focusing on the microsurgical anatomy of parasellar structures. Pertinent microsurgical anatomy is described in sufficient detail for the neurosurgeon to successfully extend a standard transsphenoidal approach for treatment of lesions involving the region of the tuberculum sellae, planum sphenoidale, supradiaphragmatic intradural space, and medial cavernous sinus. The parasellar region of 50 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads was examined by using magnification 3x to 40x. The arterial and venous systems of five cadaveric specimens were injected under pressure with colored silicone rubber. The sellar region of three specimens was examined histologically. Important anatomic landmarks identified in the roof of the sphenoid sinus include a carotid and trigeminal prominence, as well as a tubercular, clival, and opticocarotid recess. The diaphragma sella is actually comprised of two layers of dura, with a venous system (circular sinus) interposed between the layers. The dura mater of the pituitary gland separates the gland from the medial compartment of the cavernous sinus. The microanatomic detail necessary to extend the transsphenoidal approach to the supradiaphragmatic intradural space and medial compartment of the cavernous sinus is described. These data are presented to facilitate the clinical application of these extended approaches.
During dissection of the carotid triangle, a carotid trifurcation was encountered. The left common carotid artery gave off three terminal branches: external carotid, internal carotid, and occipital arteries. The level of trifurcation was 35 mm above the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage. Further, the superior thyroid artery arose from the common carotid artery instead of the external carotid. Herein, we describe the detailed anatomical features of the variant branching pattern of the left common carotid artery and its clinical implications.