PubMed · 10183766
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J Hall, D P Jackson, L E Metcalf. 1992. Design technology: programming user needs.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10183766/
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Even though the number of construction projects remained flat in 1998, overall spending jumped 29% to nearly $15 billion, according to this year's Construction & Design Survey. Outpatient facilities remained in strong demand, increasing 17% compared with last year's survey.
Lichen encrustations from Diploschistes scruposus involved in the biodeterioration of the 13th Century Convento de la Peregrina in Sahagún Spain, have been analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra are characteristic of calcium oxalate monohydrate, beta-carotene, chlorophyll, and para-depside phenolic acids such as atranorin, lecanoric acid, and diploschistesic acid. The destructive colonization of the monumental stonework is highlighted and evidence presented for deleterious lichen invasion of the wall paintings inside the Convent.
Ochrolechia parella is one of the most abundant lichens colonizing granite monuments in the region of Galicia (N.W. Spain). Its interaction with granite used in the construction of four ancient monuments was studied using FT Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the production of calcium oxalate by this lichen and the relationship of this production with different environmental conditions, particularly humidity. The results obtained showed that Ochrolechia parella is an aggressive colonizer, causing chemical disturbances to the granite through the formation of both calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate. Apothecial development appears to be related to the production of calcium oxalate, and humidity determines the state of hydration of the calcium oxalate in the thallus.