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Male: explore 1208 source-linked works published from 2024 to 2026, with original documents and citations.

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Sources: pubmed. Collection updated 2026-09-15. Counts describe this index, not the complete source archives.

PubMed2026

Age-dependent reorganization of behavioral and striatal function in Cntnap2 knockout mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. While ASD has a neurodevelopmental origin, it remains a lifelong condition, yet little is known about how its behavioral and neural features evolve across adulthood. Here, we investigated behavioral, synaptic, and structural alterations across the transition from early to mature adulthood in Cntnap2 knockout mice, a widely used model of ASD. Using a longitudinal behavioral approach combined with electrophysiological recordings and morphological analysis, we show that KO mice exhibit increased stereotyped and repetitive behaviors and reduced exploratory activity at both ages. However, detailed analysis of behavioral patterns revealed age-dependent differences, with early adult KO mice displaying increased behavioral persistence that later evolved into distinct patterns of behavioral sequences. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), including changes in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) frequency and temporal structure. In parallel, mature adult KO mice showed structural remodeling of spiny projection neurons, characterized by increased distal dendritic arborization and age-dependent organization of dendritic spines. Together, our findings demonstrate that ASD-related alterations are not static but evolve across adulthood, revealing a multi-level reorganization of behavioral, synaptic, and structural features. These results highlight the importance of considering adulthood stages in ASD and provide new insights into the dynamic nature of the condition.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Impact of estimated total blood volume on NT-proBNP response to angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in acute heart failure: Insights from the PREMIER study.

BACKGROUND: Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) reduces N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in acute heart failure (AHF), particularly in patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, whether estimated total blood volume (TBV), calculated using anthropometric equations, is associated with heterogeneity in biomarker response remains uncertain. METHODS: This post hoc exploratory sub-analysis of the PREMIER randomized trial evaluated whether baseline estimated TBV was associated with heterogeneity in NT-proBNP reduction after Sac/Val compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) therapy. Estimated TBV was calculated using validated anthropometric equations and dichotomized at the median (4.05 L). Patients were further stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <40% vs ≥40%). The primary endpoint was the proportional change in NT-proBNP from baseline to Week 8. RESULTS: Among 376 patients, 372 with baseline estimated TBV data were analyzed. In the high TBV group, Sac/Val was associated with greater NT-proBNP reduction than ACEI/ARB (-56% vs -32%; ratio of change, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.84; P = .001), whereas no significant difference was observed in the low TBV group (P for heterogeneity = 0.063). In patients with LVEF <40%, Sac/Val was associated with greater NT-proBNP reduction in both TBV groups. In patients with LVEF ≥40%, Sac/Val was associated with greater NT-proBNP reduction in the high TBV group, whereas the point estimate in the low TBV group numerically favored ACEI/ARB. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory post hoc analysis, higher estimated TBV was associated with greater NT-proBNP reduction after Sac/Val, particularly among patients with LVEF ≥40%. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require external validation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05164653; Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs021210046.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of the difference between automated and measured QTc intervals in children.

BACKGROUND: The corrected QT interval (QTc) is obtained through automated ECG computations or manual physician measurements. We hypothesized that differences exist in children between the measured and automated QTc intervals within and between Healthy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) subjects with greater differences for HCM due to structural abnormalities. METHODS: QT measurements - Bazett correction- automated (aQTc) and measured (mQTc), were extracted from the GE MUSE database for 385 Healthy pediatric (single ECG) and 208 HCM subjects (2 ECGs), stratified by age < 12 and ≥ 12 yrs., sex, race, and ethnicity. QTc means (SD), automated and measured differences, and the difference of the differences of aQTc and mQTc were analyzed overall and by subgroups. All ECGs were read by one pediatric cardiologist with a second cardiologist reading a random subset of HCM ECGs to evaluate intraclass correlations and agreement. RESULTS: The mQTc intervals were shorter than aQTc intervals within Healthy (p < 0.001) and within first HCM ECGs (p < 0.001) with both aQTc and mQTc shorter in Healthy than HCM (p < 0.001). The difference in these differences was significant overall using HCM ECG 1 but not HCM ECG 2. Healthy subject aQTc and mQTc intervals differed by age, sex, and race (p < 0.002). HCM ECG 1 aQTc- mQTc intervals differed for age < 12 yrs., as well as by sex and race. HCM ECG 2 intervals differed only for age < 12 yrs. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to measured values, automated QTc values were significantly longer in both Healthy and HCM subjects. Automated measurements may overestimate the QTc.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Embedded Social Media Content on E-cigarette Attitudes and Behaviors: Results from a Randomized Control Trial.

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal randomized controlled trial examined the effects of anti-vaping social media content on e-cigarette attitudes and intentions among U.S. young adults (ages 18-24; n=3,400). METHODS: Targeted content was embedded directly into participants' social media feeds, with varying levels of impressions. RESULTS: Results indicate that increased exposure to anti-vaping messages significantly elevated perceived risk of harm (β=0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.20, p < .01) and social unacceptability of e-cigarette use (β=0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.18, p < .01), while decreasing intentions to vape (RRR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.97, p < .05). Notably, these attitudinal shifts occurred even with relatively low ad exposure and over an extended intervention period, while controlling for the e-cigarette use status (never, former, or current) of participants. Discussion These findings support the effectiveness of digital media campaigns in influencing health-related behaviors and attitudes among young adults. Specifically, embedding anti e-cigarette content directly in the feed of young adults is shown to be effective in shifting attitudes in a space where these young adults are already engaged. Limitations include limited ad impressions and minimal change in ad awareness recall, suggesting future research should explore longer interventions and broader nicotine product messaging.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Continuous Intravenous Lidocaine for Refractory Cancer Pain in Palliative Care: A Multicenter Feasibility Study.

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and tolerability of continuous low-dose intravenous lidocaine infusion in patients with opioid-refractory cancer pain receiving palliative care, and to explore its potential impact on pain outcomes in real-world clinical conditions.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility study in palliative care units to evaluate continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion in patients with opioid-refractory cancer pain. Patients were randomized to receive lidocaine (5 mg/kg/day, increased to 8 mg/kg/day if pain reduction was <30% after 24 h) or placebo for 48 h. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Pain Intensity Scale, with a clinically meaningful response defined as a ≥30% reduction from baseline at 40 min. Secondary outcomes included pain evolution over time, neuropathic pain, symptom burden, and tolerability.ResultsThirty-five patients were included in the final analysis (18 lidocaine, 17 placebo). No significant difference was observed between lidocaine and placebo for the primary endpoint or for secondary pain outcomes. Reductions in pain intensity were observed in both groups. In the lidocaine group, 61% of patients required dose escalation to 8 mg/kg/day. Continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion was generally well tolerated, with mostly mild adverse events and no unexpected toxicity.ConclusionIn this multicenter feasibility study, continuous low-dose intravenous lidocaine did not demonstrate a clinically meaningful analgesic benefit over placebo. As the planned sample size was not reached, the study was underpowered. These findings highlight the challenges of randomized trials in palliative care and may inform future feasibility-oriented designs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of summative assessments between simulated electronic health records versus traditional paper-based patient cases: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Electronic health records are fundamental to contemporary pharmacy practice, yet evidence supporting their use in pharmacy education is lacking. This single-center, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment evaluated whether delivering patient cases via a simulated academic EHR (aEHR) was non-inferior to a traditional paper-based format in student exam performance. METHODS: 53 third-year PharmD students at the University of British Columbia were randomized 1:1 to complete a mock summative examination using either the aEHR or paper-based case delivery, stratified by self-reported EHR comfort level. The primary outcome was mean written exam score (%). Non-inferiority was pre-specified at a margin of 14%. Adjusted linear regression was used for the primary analysis, with a multiple imputation sensitivity analysis. Student perceptions were explored through post-exam focus groups analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: 42 students (21 per group) completed the exam and were included in the primary analysis. Mean scores were 66% (SD 11) in the aEHR group and 68% (SD 10) in the paper group. The adjusted mean difference (paper minus aEHR) was -2.2% (95% CI -9.2% to +4.8%), satisfying non-inferiority but not superiority. Sensitivity analysis (n = 53) yielded consistent results (-2.3%; 95% CI -7.1% to +4.1%). Focus groups revealed initial student anxiety with the aEHR but recognized its alignment with clinical practice. DISCUSSION: These findings support the feasibility of integrating simulated EHRs into summative pharmacy assessments without compromising performance. CONCLUSION: Simulated EHRs are a non-inferior assessment medium compared with paper-based formats and represent a viable step toward technology-driven pharmacy practice environments.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Safety and outcomes of dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A post-hoc analysis of the defender trial.

BACKGROUND: SGLT2 inhibitor use in acute kidney injury (AKI) is controversial due to concerns about hemodynamic instability. We evaluated dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with AKI enrolled in the DEFENDER trial. METHODS: Among 212 patients with AKI at enrollment (100 dapagliflozin, 112 control), we compared 28-day mortality, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and composite death/KRT. Adjusted risk differences were estimated controlling for age, sepsis, baseline vasopressor use, and creatinine. Physiological trajectories (creatinine, urine output, fluid balance, acid-base parameters) over days 1-5 were analyzed using mixed models. Likelihood ratios quantified compatibility with clinically meaningful harm or benefit. RESULTS: Event rates were similar: 28-day mortality 38% vs 40%, KRT 12% vs 18%, composite 41% vs 42% (dapagliflozin vs control). Adjusted risk differences were - 1.9% (95% CI -14.5 to 10.7) for death, -7.4% (-16.2 to 1.5) for KRT, and - 0.9% (-13.6 to 11.8) for the composite. Physiological trajectories showed no divergence suggestive of hemodynamic or metabolic instability. Likelihood ratios provided limited separation: at 5% absolute effect threshold, LR against harm was 1.47 and against benefit 1.19. CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with AKI was not associated with excess mortality, KRT, or physiological derangement. The near-neutral evidential profile indicates neither moderate harm nor benefit can be excluded, supporting feasibility of dedicated trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in AKI.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A novel neoadjuvant immunotherapy confers improved overall survival in oral cancer patients with low tumor PD-L1 expression The IT-MATTERS Clinical trial - Prognostic role of tumor PD-L1 expression.

OBJECTIVE: Five-year overall survival (OS) remains < 50% for patients with resectable, locally advanced (LA) primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and soft palate, receiving current standard of care (SOC). The aim of our study was to examine neoadjuvant Leukocyte Interleukin Injection (LI) with CIZ (intravenous low dose cyclophosphamide, indomethacin and zinc multivitamins) effect on OS, in low-risk (LR) OSCC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a randomized, controlled Phase 3 trial, treatment-naïve locally advanced patients, with stage III/IVa OSCC and soft-palate cancer, had surgical tumor samples assessed for pre-defined thresholds of PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS). OS was analyzed using proportional hazard models for LI + CIZ + SOC vs SOC, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. RESULTS: OS was superior in low risk (LR) patients receiving LI + CIZ + SOC compared to SOC; OS advantage hazard ratio (HR) 0.64, p = 0.0569 (without selecting for N0, PD-L1 TPS < 10%), and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) lifetable achieved significance (log rank p = 0.0340) favoring LI + CIZ + SOC vs SOC. Applying the selection criteria (cN0 and TPS < 10%) to ITT, OS reached HR 0.34p = 0.0012, Kaplan-Meier log rank p = 0.0015. The ITT LR cohort (cN0 and TPS < 10%) achieved a HR 0.26 (p = 0.0023), Kaplan-Meier log rank p = 0.0013, supported by progression free survival (PFS) HR 0.43, p = 0.0178, Kaplan-Meier log rank p = 0.0431, with 32% absolute survival advantage over control at 60 months. CONCLUSIONS: Significant OS prolongation was observed in ITT population for LI + CIZ + SOC vs SOC, in LR and in ITT LR cN0, PD-L1TPS < 10% cohort having locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma tumors in oral cavity/soft-palate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01265849; EudraCT (Identifier: 2010-019952-35).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in extended time window selected with CT perfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have provided new evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting within the extended time window (ETW). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVT, in patients treated within the ETW and selected with perfusion imaging criteria, predominantly computed tomography perfusion (CTP). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO, was conducted including all available RCTs comparing IVT with best medical treatment (BMT) in patients with AIS within the ETW, selected using advanced perfusion imaging criteria. The predefined efficacy outcomes were excellent functional outcome and good functional outcome at 3 months. The safety endpoints included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days. RESULTS: Six RCTs, including 1182 patients treated with IVT and 1176 patients receiving BMT, were included. IVT was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving excellent and good functional outcomes at 3 months. Exploratory subgroup analyses by treatment timing suggested consistent findings up to 24 hours. No significant difference in 90-day mortality was observed between groups, whereas IVT was associated with an increased risk of sICH. CONCLUSION: Treatment with IVT in the ETW (4.5-24 h) in patients selected using advanced perfusion imaging, predominantly CTP, may be associated with improved functional outcomes in patients with AIS. Although IVT was associated with an increased risk of sICH, no significant increase in 90-day mortality was observed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD420261304314.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Effects of CPAP on endothelial activation and fibrinolytic balance in coronary artery disease with obstructive sleep apnea: The RICCADSA randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) promotes endothelial activation and a prothrombotic milieu through intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation, mechanisms closely linked to atherosclerosis progression. The vascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the longitudinal effects of CPAP treatment on endothelial adhesion molecules and fibrinolytic balance in patients with CAD and OSA. METHODS: In this randomized controlled analysis from the RICCADSA trial, 210 revascularized CAD patients with moderate-to-severe OSA were assigned to CPAP (n = 104) or no-CPAP (n = 106) and had available biomarker measurements at baseline and 12 months. Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were assessed. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine longitudinal changes and time-by-treatment interactions adjusted for cardiometabolic covariates. RESULTS: For ICAM-1, no significant time-by-treatment interaction was observed. For PAI-1, a borderline time-by-treatment interaction suggested a numerically smaller increase in the CPAP group compared with no-CPAP (p = 0.09). CPAP treatment was associated with a significantly greater reduction in VCAM-1 over time compared with no-CPAP (time-by-treatment interaction p = 0.045 in adjusted models). CONCLUSIONS: CPAP treatment was associated with selective modulation of vascular biomarkers in patients with CAD and OSA, characterized by attenuation of endothelial activation reflected by reduced VCAM-1 levels, while fibrinolytic imbalance appeared largely resistant to intervention. These findings support pathway-specific vascular responses to CPAP and provide mechanistic insight into residual atherosclerotic risk in this high-risk population.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Effects of a programmed reflexology therapy on sleep quality, insomnia, and fatigue among individuals with poor sleep quality: evidence for autonomic nervous system modulation.

Poor sleep quality is closely associated with autonomic dysregulation and increased risks of cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disorders. Foot reflexology is a widely used complementary therapy; however, its physiological mechanisms and comparative efficacy remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to compare the effects of manual reflexology treatment (MRT) and foot massage equipment (FEM) on autonomic nervous system function, sleep quality, insomnia severity, and fatigue in adults with poor sleep quality. Using a randomized crossover design, 32 participants with poor sleep quality received MRT and FEM interventions for 6 weeks each (once weekly, 30-40 min/session). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV; time- and frequency-domain indices) were assessed at weeks 1 and 6 before and after each intervention. Subjective outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Following MRT, participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in global PSQI scores and all PSQI components compared with FEM. MRT also resulted in larger improvements in insomnia severity and both mental and physical fatigue. In contrast, FEM primarily improved physical fatigue. Physiologically, MRT induced an immediate decrease in HR and significant increases in HRV time-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50), which were sustained after 6 weeks. Frequency-domain analysis further revealed reduced LF, increased HF, and a lower LF/HF ratio, indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity and cumulative autonomic modulation. In conclusion, programmed manual reflexology, delivered according to the TIDieR framework, is more effective than mechanical foot massage in improving autonomic balance, sleep quality, insomnia severity, and fatigue in individuals with poor sleep quality. These findings support MRT as a feasible and evidence-based non-pharmacological complementary intervention for sleep health promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov; NCT Number: NCT07402460; Registered 3 February 2026.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Modulation of heart rate and heart rate variability during animal-assisted treatment of patients in a minimally conscious state: A randomized controlled crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Animal-assisted treatment (AATx) is a promising and increasingly used approach in neurorehabilitation, yet its psychophysiological effects remain largely unexplored. Patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) show severely altered consciousness with minimal but definite behavioral signs of awareness. Because behavioral assessment in this population is limited, psychophysiological measures such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may offer valuable insights into autonomic regulation during therapy. AIM: The present study investigated whether AATx influences HR and HRV compared to treatment as usual (TAU). METHODS: A randomized controlled crossover design with repeated measures was conducted. HR and HRV data were recorded using an Empatica E4 wristband, and linear mixed-effects models were fitted for each outcome variable. The analytic sample included twenty-one patients with MCS who completed at least one of the four sessions. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in mean HR (estimate = -12.75, p = .041) and a significant increase in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) (estimate = 15.76, p = .020) during AATx compared to TAU from the pretreatment to the posttreatment phase, indicating enhanced parasympathetic activation and greater autonomic flexibility. Other HRV parameters revealed no significant effects of AATx, though trends were consistent with the hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary physiological evidence that AATx can modulate autonomic activity in MCS patients. Despite limitations related to sample size and recording quality, the results highlight the potential of AATx as an emotionally engaging intervention in early neurorehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism in major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: a randomized controlled trial.

Childhood trauma (CT) is a key risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and persistence. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation may underlie this link, and preclinical studies suggest glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism can reverse early life stress effects. This study tested whether the GR antagonist mifepristone reduces depressive symptoms in adults with MDD and CT. The RESET-medication study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating a 7-day course of mifepristone (1200 mg/day) or placebo in 158 adults with MDD and CT, assessed at baseline, 1 week, 6 weeks (primary endpoint), 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (IDS-SR) at week 6; secondary outcomes included symptom severity at other timepoints, clinical response, remission, anxiety, sleep, stress, disability, and salivary cortisol. At week 6, depressive symptoms declined in both groups, with no significant difference between mifepristone and placebo (b=-0.25, d=-0.03, 95% CI [-0.42, 0.36], pnom=0.887), and no group differences were found for secondary outcomes. Morning and evening cortisol were significantly higher with mifepristone at week 1, consistent with GR antagonism, but not at week 6. Adverse events were more frequent with mifepristone; mild and severe events occurred significantly more often, while the proportion reporting at least one adverse event was numerically higher but not statistically significant (93.6%vs. 82.5%, χ²(1)=3.60, p=0.058). Mifepristone produced the expected endocrine response but did not lead to clinical improvements in individuals with MDD and CT compared to placebo.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of targeted neuromodulation treatments: a clinical report.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and tightness/swelling. Conventional therapies often focus on symptom management, and some patients experience chronic and refractory symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective clinical analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of neuromodulation neuropathy treatment using the NeuroGen-Series device in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (IPN). 9,805 unique patients who underwent 133,741 treatments between 18 August 2017, and 23 July 2024, were analyzed. Patients were divided into treatment completers (≥24 sessions) and noncompleters (<24 sessions). Paired t-tests confirmed statistically significant reductions in pre- and post-treatment symptom scores (p < 0.001). RESULTS: Among completers, symptom severity decreased by an average of 46.2%. Tingling and pain showed the greatest improvement, while tightness/swelling and numbness showed the least reduction. 64% of patients reported improvement after one session, and 84% reported improvement after 24 sessions. Nonresponders accounted for 5.8% of patients overall. Younger patients and those with higher initial symptom severity were more likely to discontinue treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, neuromodulation treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in symptom severity, though nonresponders and high attrition rate highlight the need for individualized treatment strategies and further investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A New Highly Concentrated Insulin Aspart AT278 (500 U/mL) Demonstrates Ultra-Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties in Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of BMI.

AIMS: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a novel U500 insulin aspart formulation (AT278 [500 U/mL]; AT278-U500) compared with standard concentration insulin aspart (InsAsp [100 U/mL]; InsAsp-U100) and U500 human regular insulin (HumIns [500 IU/mL]; HumIns-U500). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-centre, randomised, double-blind crossover 12-h euglycaemic clamp study was conducted in 41 overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes (BMI 25.0-38.7 kg/m2) receiving a single subcutaneous dose (0.5 U/kg) of AT278-U500 and InsAsp-U100. HumIns-U500 was consecutively studied open label in a 24-h clamp. RESULTS: AT278-U500 exhibited a significantly faster insulin absorption than InsAsp-U100 and HumIns-U500 (t Early50%Cmax: 9 min vs. 35 min vs. 55 min), leading to a significantly higher glucose-lowering effect within the first hour (AUCGIR,0-60min) compared with both InsAsp-U100 (treatment ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.64; 2.50]) and HumIns-U500 (3.91 [2.89; 5.27]). When divided by median BMI (29.7 kg/m2), AUCGIR,0-60min was significantly higher with AT278-U500 in both the low-BMI and high-BMI subgroup compared to InsAsp-U100. Linear regression showed a significant inverse relationship between BMI and AUCGIR,0-60min for InsAsp-U100 (slope -0.142, p < 0.0001), whereas AT278-U500 showed no such relationship. Overall insulin exposure was similar for AT278-U500 and InsAsp-U100, while overall glucose-lowering effect was comparable across all three treatments. CONCLUSIONS: AT278-U500 maintains its ultra-rapid onset characteristics independent of BMI, representing the first ultra-rapid U500 option for prandial dosing in insulin-resistant people with type 2 diabetes requiring high-dose therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05754424.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Novel Proactive Speech-Language Intervention Is More Effective Than Usual Care: Randomized Controlled Trial of Babble Boot Camp for Infants With Classic Galactosemia.

PURPOSE: Speech and language disorders cannot be diagnosed and treated until children are approximately 2-4 years old. To investigate whether these disorders can be prevented, we developed and trialed Babble Boot Camp (BBC), the first proactive sustained intervention starting with precursor skills including cooing and babbling. METHOD: Participants were two randomly assigned groups of 22 infants with classic galactosemia, a metabolic disease with known risks for severe speech and language disorders. One group started BBC at under 6 months of age, and the other started at 15 months of age, both completing BBC at 24 months of age. Coached by a speech-language pathologist in weekly telehealth sessions, caregivers implemented BBC activities and routines daily at home. A typical control group and a group of children with classic galactosemia who received usual care participated as well. All children completed standardized assessments of speech and language at postintervention. RESULTS: Assessment scores showed that BBC was more effective than usual care for both intervention groups. Greatest benefits were seen in the group that started at or before 6 months of age, with a proportion of clinically concerning scores equal to that in the typically developing peers. No effects of sex, genotype, or milk consumption were evident in the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings motivate a paradigm shift from deficit-based to proactive approaches for infants with classic galactosemia. BBC is extensible to many other disorders, with trials currently underway for infants with Down syndrome and infants born preterm.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improved donor-site biomechanics and functional recovery with xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix after ALT flap harvest: A prospective randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Donor-site management after anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap harvest is a significant yet underaddressed concern in reconstructive surgery for oral cancer. While xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (Xeno-ADM) is common in soft-tissue repair, its efficacy for fascia lata reconstruction at the ALT donor site remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of xeno-ADM in fascia lata repair, focusing on compartment pressure, inflammatory and muscle injury biomarkers, and functional recovery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, single-blind trial, 200 patients undergoing ALT flap reconstruction were allocated to Xeno-ADM repair (n = 100) or primary closure (n = 100). Primary endpoints included compartment pressure, inflammatory markers in drainage fluid, serum muscle injury biomarkers, and functional outcomes. RESULTS: The xeno-ADM group showed significantly lower compartment pressures throughout postoperative days (POD) 1-5. Inflammatory markers in drainage fluid (CRP on POD 3 and 5) and serum muscle injury biomarkers (creatine kinase on POD 1 and 5) were significantly lower in xeno-ADM group. Functional outcomes were superior in the Xeno-ADM group, with faster gait recovery, lower pain scores at POD 7, and better lower-limb function at the 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Drainage duration did not differ between groups. Stratified analyses revealed that the benefits of xeno-ADM were more pronounced in patients with defect width >3 cm or a body mass index ≥24 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: Xeno-ADM provides a safe and effective approach for fascia lata repair, reducing biomechanical and inflammatory burdens while enhancing functional recovery. These findings support a transition from simple structural closure toward functional donor-site reconstruction.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Cerebellar iTBS enhances gait adaptation by modulating cortical sensorimotor network dynamics: a randomized controlled trial.

Gait adaptation enables individuals to maintain locomotor stability under persistent perturbations. Although the cerebellum is critical for sensory prediction error-based (SPE) adaptation, how cerebellar neuromodulation reshapes cortical sensorimotor networks to enhance gait adaptation remains unclear. This study investigated the behavioral effects and underlying cortical neurodynamic mechanisms of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on gait adaptation. Thirty-two healthy adults received either active or sham cerebellar iTBS. Participants performed a split-belt treadmill adaptation task before and after intervention. Cortical responsiveness was evaluated using TMS-evoked EEG over primary motor cortex (M1), while resting-state EEG was analyzed to assess spectral power and directional functional connectivity. Compared to sham, cerebellar iTBS significantly enhanced gait adaptation, evidenced by a faster adaptation rate (p = 0.035) and enhanced Early Adaptation SLS (p = 0.011), without altering initial perturbation responses or post-adaptation outcomes. The iTBS increased TMS-evoked α (p = 0.031) and γ (p = 0.022) power in M1, while the α power was correlated with faster adaptation (r = 0.526, p = 0.002). Furthermore, iTBS strengthened PPC-to-M1 directed connectivity in the β (p = 0.025) and γ (p = 0.013) bands. Enhanced parieto-motor directionality were positively associated with adaptation rate (β: r = 0.515, p = 0.003; γ: r = 0.463, p = 0.009). These findings suggest that cerebellar iTBS facilitates gait adaptation by modulating cortical responsiveness and directional sensorimotor network connectivity, providing multi-level neurodynamic evidence for the cerebello-cortical modulation during gait adaptation and offering a strong physiological rationale for targeted neuromodulation in gait rehabilitation strategies.

Humans↗

Compare source metadata on this page

Work	Published	Source identifier	Source
Age-dependent reorganization of behavioral and striatal function in Cntnap2 knockout mice.	2026-08-01	PMID 42542171	pubmed
Impact of estimated total blood volume on NT-proBNP response to angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition in acute heart failure: Insights from the PREMIER study.	2026-08-01	PMID 42542200	pubmed
Evaluation of the difference between automated and measured QTc intervals in children.	2026-08-01	PMID 42556221	pubmed
Effectiveness of Embedded Social Media Content on E-cigarette Attitudes and Behaviors: Results from a Randomized Control Trial.	2026-08-01	PMID 42561568	pubmed
Continuous Intravenous Lidocaine for Refractory Cancer Pain in Palliative Care: A Multicenter Feasibility Study.	2026-07-31	PMID 42536632	pubmed
Comparison of summative assessments between simulated electronic health records versus traditional paper-based patient cases: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537418	pubmed
Safety and outcomes of dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A post-hoc analysis of the defender trial.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537430	pubmed
A novel neoadjuvant immunotherapy confers improved overall survival in oral cancer patients with low tumor PD-L1 expression The IT-MATTERS Clinical trial - Prognostic role of tumor PD-L1 expression.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537452	pubmed
Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in extended time window selected with CT perfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537729	pubmed
Effects of CPAP on endothelial activation and fibrinolytic balance in coronary artery disease with obstructive sleep apnea: The RICCADSA randomized controlled trial.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537929	pubmed
Effects of a programmed reflexology therapy on sleep quality, insomnia, and fatigue among individuals with poor sleep quality: evidence for autonomic nervous system modulation.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537947	pubmed
Modulation of heart rate and heart rate variability during animal-assisted treatment of patients in a minimally conscious state: A randomized controlled crossover study.	2026-07-31	PMID 42537948	pubmed
Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism in major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: a randomized controlled trial.	2026-07-31	PMID 42585798	pubmed
Efficacy of targeted neuromodulation treatments: a clinical report.	2026-07-30	PMID 42522850	pubmed
A New Highly Concentrated Insulin Aspart AT278 (500 U/mL) Demonstrates Ultra-Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties in Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of BMI.	2026-07-30	PMID 42530378	pubmed
Novel Proactive Speech-Language Intervention Is More Effective Than Usual Care: Randomized Controlled Trial of Babble Boot Camp for Infants With Classic Galactosemia.	2026-07-30	PMID 42531571	pubmed
Improved donor-site biomechanics and functional recovery with xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix after ALT flap harvest: A prospective randomized controlled study.	2026-07-30	PMID 42531666	pubmed
Cerebellar iTBS enhances gait adaptation by modulating cortical sensorimotor network dynamics: a randomized controlled trial.	2026-07-30	PMID 42532166	pubmed

These are bibliographic comparisons, not experimental rankings. Follow the original document for methods and conditions.