Biomedical subjects

Z Voboril

Publications and source records attributed to Z Voboril.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Increased urinary zinc excretion in cancer patients is linked to immune activation and renal tubular cell dysfunction.

Urinary zinc excretion is known to be increased in cancer patients, but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon remains uncertain. Both skeletal muscle catabolism and renal tubular cell dysfunction have been proposed to explain this observation. We have investigated urinary zinc and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), an indicator of renal tubular cell dysfunction, as well as serum neopterin, an index of systemic immune activation, in 22 patients with cancer and seven controls. Both serum neopterin and urinary zinc were significantly elevated in cancer patients (15.8 +/- 12.7 versus 7.3 +/- 2.3 nmol l-1 and 1.77 +/- 0.80 versus 1.21 +/- 0.41 mmol mol-1 creatinine, P < 0.02 and P < 0.05, respectively), while NAG was similar in cancer patients and the controls (13.58 +/- 13.80 versus 13.68 +/- 12.19 mu kat mol-1 creatinine). A significant correlation was observed between serum neopterin and urine zinc (rs = 0.5119, P < 0.02), serum neopterin and urine NAG (rs = 0.6761, P < 0.002), and urinary zinc and NAG (rs = 0.6348, P < 0.002). In conclusion, the present data indicate a link between urinary zinc excretion and immune activation as well as renal tubular cell dysfunction. In addition, renal tubular cell dysfunction appears to be linked to immune activation.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed1995

Association between renal tubular cell dysfunction and increased urinary zinc excretion in cancer patients.

Although an increase in renal zinc excretion in cancer patients is well documented, the mechanisms involved are still disputed. As recent studies have raised the question of the role of renal tubular cell dysfunction in the elevation of urinary zinc output, we have examined urinary zinc excretion and the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), an indicator of tubular cell dysfunction, in 30 patients with cancer, 28 healthy controls and 20 patients with benign non-inflammatory disorders. As expected, urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the cancer patients compared with controls and patients with benign disorders (2.64 +/- 3.05 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.36 and 0.89 +/- 0.29 mmol mol creatinine-1, p < 0.001). NAG activity was also elevated (18.9 +/- 20.1 vs. 4.32 +/- 3.33 and 9.99 +/- 9.72 mukat mol creatinine-1, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A significant correlation between urine zinc and NAG was observed in all three groups (rho = 0.73, p < 0.001, rho = 0.55, p < 0.01 and rho = 0.45, p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our data provide additional support for the role of renal tubular cell dysfunction in hyperzincuria in cancer. Urinary zinc measurement may represent an alternative approach to detecting renal tubular dysfunction in human pathology.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed1995

[Endoluminal grafts in the therapy of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Experimental results].

In 1991 a new method of treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta was published. The method is based on bridging the sac of the aneurysm by an endoluminal graft. The graft is a stent provided with a special vascular prosthesis. The endoprosthesis is inserted by means of a catheter from arteriotomy of the common femoral artery. The objective of the submitted work was to test the possibility to use a polyester covered spiral Z stent in the treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. For experiments six dogs were used weighing 12-18 kg. In the experimental animals an artificial aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was induced. Then the authors interposed surgically into the subrenal section of the abdominal aorta a special polyester knitted prosthesis imitating the shape of the aneurysm. Two weeks after surgery angiography of the abdominal aorta was performed. After angiography the authors introduced from arteriotomy of the superficial femoral artery an endoluminal graft into the artificial aneurysm. The graft bridged the aneurysm on the inside and this led to thrombosis of the sac of the aneurysm. The state of the graft and aneurysm was checked sonographically and angiographically. The graft was successfully used in all experimental animals. Angiographic check-up examinations revealed that application of the graft led to immediate exclusion of the sac of the aneurysm. In two experimental animals the graft was inserted in an excessively cranial position. It did not bridge the aneurysm throughout its length. Reflux of blood in the distal part persisted and filled the residual cavity of the sac of the aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Urinary zinc excretion and acute phase response in cancer patients.

We investigated urinary zinc and serum levels of C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, transferrin and prealbumin in 55 patients with solid tumors and 20 controls. Urinary zinc, serum C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin were significantly higher, and serum prealbumin was significantly lower in cancer patients. A significant positive correlation between urinary zinc and C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, as well as a negative correlation with transferrin and prealbumin were observed. Hyperzincuria in cancer patients appears to be linked to the acute phase response. Our data provide further evidence implicating systemic inflammatory response in increased urinary zinc excretion.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed1994

Increased urinary zinc and copper excretion in colorectal cancer.

Although several studies have described an increase in urinary zinc output in cancer patients, little attention has been paid to the excretion of copper. In this study, we investigated urinary excretion of zinc and copper, and serum levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, in 22 patients with colorectal cancer. Urinary excretion of copper and zinc were significantly increased compared to the reference group (77 +/- 72 vs. 32 +/- 14 mumol/mol creatinine, P < 0.05, and 1.50 +/- 0.62 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.41, P < 0.002, respectively). In addition, a negative correlation was observed between urinary copper and serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (rs = -0.5256, P < 0.02). In conclusion, urinary excretion of copper, as well as that of zinc, appears to be elevated in colorectal cancer. The finding of a negative correlation between urinary copper and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein supports the postulated role of the latter in regulating renal glomerular permselectivity.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Treatment of acute cholecystitis with emergent and early cholecystectomy].

Views regarding optimal treatment of acute cholecystitis still remain controversial. There is general agreement only when advanced inflammation threatens the patient's life and urgent operation is a necessity. In other forms of inflammation it is possible to make an early cholecystectomy or proceed by conservative methods and make the operation later as a planned operation. A number of comparative investigations revealed that in both procedures the frequency of postoperative complications and the lethality are roughly equal. The advantages of early cholecystectomy comprise: a shorter time of treatment, lower costs of treatment, a shorter period of hospitalization, a shorter period of work incapacity, and last not least, also a favourable psychological effect when the unpleasant expectation of the planned operation is eliminated. In the authors' department it was confirmed in a six-year study that early surgery is justified in acute cholecystitis. Therefore the authors proceed with this trend. The results of their work, consistent with the results of others, justify this view.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Splanchnicectomy in pancreatic diseases].

In the foreground of the clinical picture of chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas is pain which frequently is difficult to control by drugs. The authors evaluate in a group of 18 patients with severe epigastric pain associated with carcinoma and in chronic pancreatitis the analgesic effect of splanchnicectomy. In 29.4% of operated patients after surgery pain disappeared completely, 47% of the patients reported substantial relief after surgery. Only in 17.7% of the patients the operation produced no effect. With regard to their own experience the authors can recommend splanchnicectomy in pain associated with diseases of the pancreas which cannot be influenced by other means.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Do we amputate too much or too little? A retrospective analysis of the situation in the East Bohemian Region].

A retrospective analysis of 1146 amputations of the lower extremities in five departments of the East Bohemin a region revealed that the number of amputations in the thigh is higher and less frequently preceded by angiographic examination and reconstruction operations of the arteries as compared with distinguished departments abroad. The mortality after amputations was 12.5%. The results call for more intensive training of vascular surgeons and the establishment of vascular surgical departments where it would be possible by early reconstruction operations made in time to prevent amputations or at least shift the height of the amputation in the most distal direction possible.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed1990

[Carcinoma of the gastric stump].

The problems related to the postgastrectomy cancers occurrence are studied in the present work. A total of 65 subjects with postgastrectomy stump's cancer has been managed at Clinic of surgery in Hradec Králové starting from 1955 to 1984. An interval averaged as 26.4 years followed from the gastrectomy up to the cancer' occurrence in postgastrectomy stump. Such an interval was stated to be longer in gastrectomized younger patients. Postgastrectomies of II. type resulted in stomach stump's cancer most frequently. Authors preclude the postgastrectomy patients (II. type especially) are a group of cancer's risk in stomach stump, and are recommended to be covered with the out-patient care. The appropriate findings are compared to those of worldwide literary sources.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Screening using Krypto-Haem-SSWR for the early detection of colorectal carcinomas and adenomas].

In the last 30 years, colorectal carcinomas have been stated to occur markedly in all industrial countries. From colonic and rectal malignant tumors, the amounts of 4225 in 1961 and 7220 in 1984 were newly registered in GDR. Thus the number of patients with colorectal carcinomas showed the decrease for up to 70.9% starting from 1961. The biochemical Krypto-Haem-SSWR screening test has been implemented during the last few years by members of proctologic section. Colorectal carcinoma was stated in 48 asymptomatic subjects aged more than 45 years, and colonic adenoma in 83, respectively. At present, the yearly screening of occult bleeding into faeces is the unique measure contributing to early recognition of colorectal carcinomas and precancerous lesions.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1990

[Polyps in the rectosigmoid].

A total of rectosigmoidal adenomatous polyps from 1965 to 1987 is scrutinized. Authors refer to 1564 rectosigmoidal adenomas they diagnosed during the 23 years all along with transanal both surgery and endoscopy removal as well as subsequent histology. Patients are life-long submitted to regular rectoscopies, the adenomas being the initiation of adenocarcinomatous transformation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Early diagnosis and treatment of small rectal carcinomas].

After a brief review of literary sources, a total of 145 patients with average age 64.5 years is evaluated. Authors report on that the early diagnosed rectal carcinoma (T of Dukes A or CSI + II in accord with Mason) can be removed within the intact tissue either by transanal route or using the posterior proctotomy. The surgery-related mortality is of 0 per cent, the 10-year criterion recovery reaching up to 90%.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Subtotal colectomy in the treatment of obstructive tumors in the left half of the colon].

The authors give an account of 14 patients during a two-year period where on account of an occluding tumour of the left half of the colon they performed subtotal colectomy with ileodescendent--in 2, ileosigmoideal--in 10 and ileorectal anastomosis in two patients. After operation and by the time when the material was processed, none of the patients died. Based on data in the literature and the authors' own material, the authors discuss the advantages of subtotal colectomy, as compared with hitherto used multistage procedures. The advantages include in particular a lower operative mortality (0-14%), a higher five-year survival (46%) a markedly lower morbidity, time economy, a shorter period of hospitalization and in particular, the patients are spared colostomy, even temporary one. The authors recommend subtotal colectomy as the method of choice on account of ileus caused by tumourous occlusion of the left half of the colon.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Accidental gunshot injury of the common carotid artery in a 19-year-old man].

The author describes a case of a gunshot injury of the right common carotid artery in a 19-year-old man. The injury was caused by a single-shot pistol of German make, calibre 6 mm, Flaubert. The patient was operated at the First Surgical Clinic in Hradec Králové, a reconstruction of the injured artery was made, using a venous patch. The patient recovered per primam. The injury left to sequelae.

Adult↗

PubMed1988