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Biomedical subjects

Z Guo

Publications and source records attributed to Z Guo.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

311 cases of chronic osteomyelitis treated by soaking with ganlingsan liquid.

From 1992 to 1995, 311 cases of chronic osteomyelitis (including 145 cases of hematogenic osteomyelitis, 147 cases of traumatic osteomyelitis, 8 cases of secondary osteomyelitis after local infection, 4 cases due to other causes, and 7 cases with cause unknown) were treated by soaking with Ganlingsan liquid. The average treatment course was 69.5 days. The results showed that 260 cases were cured, 26 cases markedly effective, 20 cases improved, and 5 cases ineffective. The evaluation of the function revealed that 150 cases were excellent, 129 cases good, 10 cases improved, and 22 cases poor. 111 patients recovered from abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. External fixation was applied at the same time for the patients accompanied by nonunion of fracture, and the therapeutic effect was also satisfactory.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Caloric restriction and genomic stability.

Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is the only experimental manipulation that has consistently been shown to increase the mean and maximum lifespan of laboratory rodents. It has been suggested that CR extends the longevity of rodents and reduces the incidence of age-related pathological lesions by reducing the levels of DNA damage and mutations that accumulate with age within a cells genome. This hypothesis is attractive because the integrity of the genome is essential to a cell/organism and because it is supported by the observations that both cancer and immunological defects, which increase significantly with age and are delayed by CR, are associated with changes in DNA damage. However, all the evidence supporting the premise that the accumulation of DNA damage/mutations plays a role in aging and CR is correlative, i.e., the anti-aging action of CR-fed rodents is correlated with decreased DNA damage and mutation and increased DNA repair capacity. Therefore, additional experiments are required which employ more accurate assays of the DNA repair pathways as well as genetically engineered animal models to establish the role of specific DNA repair pathways and/or enzymes in the anti-aging action of CR. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of DNA damage/repair while providing insight into current research that may assist in "unlocking" the mechanisms behind the life-prolonging effect of CR.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Oligonucleotide arrays for high resolution HLA typing.

The methodology and applications of oligonucleotide array technology are reviewed. An oligonucleotide array system for typing HLA-B alleles is described. Oligonucleotide probes representing all known polymorphisms in exons 2 and 3 of HLA-B are immobilized on glass slides. Exons 2 and 3 are amplified from human genomic DNA using fluorescent-labeled primers and subsequently allowed to hybridize to an oligonucleotide array on glass supports. The presence of positive hybridization is detected by fluorescence scanning. HLA-B alleles are assigned by quantitative analysis of hybridization patterns. Proof of principle has been established in blinded testing of heterozygous DNA samples.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1999

[Role of endothelin and nitric oxide in early gut ischemia].

OBJECTIVE: Inadequate perfusion in splanchnic organs and especially in the gut during acute burn period has been reported in many conventionally "successfully" resuscitated patients, but the mechanisms still remain unclear and its early preventive measures need to be further studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of endothelin and nitric oxide in gut ischemia. METHODS: Eighteen male pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: group C, a sham burn group that was subjected to all surgical procedures except burn; group B, sustained 30% TBSA cutaneous thermal burn; Group N, NO donor (C87-3754) was given intravenously (0.0125 mg.kg-1.min-1) at the beginning of resuscitation. RESULTS: In group B, PVF decreased rapidly after burn, and did not recover in the observation period (72 h), ET levels in portal blood and intestinal tissue elevated contrary to the changes in NO. In group N, PVF was higher than in group B. CONCLUSION: 1. Changes in ET and NO may influence the protal blood flow. 2. NO donor was proved to be beneficial in improving GI tissue perfusion by releasing NO.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[The effects of zinc on liver metallothionein in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in liver metallothionein (MT) in scalded rats. METHODS: The scalded rats in deficient zinc condition were fed with diets containing zinc 4 micrograms/g, 10 micrograms/g, and 80 micrograms/g respectively. The changes in serum zinc, liver zinc and liver MT were observed. RESULTS: The serum zinc decreased, liver zinc and MT increased. The higher diet zinc levels were, The higher serum zinc, liver zinc and MT became. The correlation analysis showed that the changes between liver zinc level and liver MT was positive relationship(r = 0.85, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum zinc decrease, liver zinc increase after burn. This is connect with increment of MT synthesis in liver, zinc is inducer to MT. It can improve synthesis of liver MT.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of factors influencing healing time of burn wounds].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors influencing healing time, length of hospital stay and hospital costs in burn patients. METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety-one burn patients with principal component analysis were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: There were some factors that influence healing time, including total area of burn, the area of full-thickness burn, the area of partial-thickness burn, inhalation injury, sepsis, shock, visceral complication, combined injuries, the size of surgical excision, the time of surgical excision, whether or not excision of burn wound was done in shock stage, and use of antibiotic, etc. Further analysis indicated that the patients undergo escharectomy during shock stage had better recovery with lower incidence of visceral complications and sepsis, especially in those with major burn over 30 percent TBSA. CONCLUSION: To reduce healing time of burn patients, there are many effective methods such as the prevention and treatment of shock, sepsis, visceral complication, and appropriate use of antibiotics. The most important factor to reduce healing time of burn patients is escharectomy as early as possible for major burns.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Hemodynamic monitoring in 52 serious burn patients in ten years].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of hemodynamic monitoring for resuscitation of burn shock. METHODS: A group of 52 burned patients with mean burn area of (69.9 +/- 20.1)% TBSA burn injury (range 31%-100%), and mean III burn area of (60.4 +/- 13.6)% TBSA were included in this study. Swan-Ganz catheters were inserted to monitor hemodynamics including RAP, PAP, PAWP, HR, CO, CI, and SI, etc. after admission at 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours postburn. RESULTS: It was reasonably safe to perform invasive monitoring during early resuscitation. With the guide of hemodynamic monitoring, evidence of global hypovolemia disappeared at 24 hours after burn injury with appropriate resuscitation therapy. CONCLUSION: Invasive hemodynamic monitoring may be necessary to optimize resuscitation of serious burn patients with reasonable safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Aldosterone biosynthesis in extraadrenal tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether extraadrenal tissues synthesize aldosterone in addition to vascular tissue and brain. METHODS: Ex vivo kidney perfusion was performed in normal Wistar rats, ACEI pretreated and adrenalectomized rats prior to the perfusion experiment. After equilibration for 30 minutes, 120 ml of perfusate was collected and subjected to reverse-phase HPLC and then aldosterone was measured by RIA. By RT-PCR and Southern blot the expression of aldosterone synthase gene-CYP11B2 mRNA was studied in both kidney tissue and cultured renal tubular epithelial cell, lung and liver tissues. In situ hybridization was used to identify the cell types of liver and lung expressing CYP11B2 mRNA. RESULTS: Production of aldosterone in the kidney perfusate was not changed in adrenalectomized rats although it was decreased in the group pretreated with ACEI perindopril. By RT-PCR and Southern blot the expression of CYP11B2 mRNA was demonstrated in both kidney tissue and cultured renal tubular epithelial cell. We have also identified CYP11B2 mRNA expression in liver and lung of rats. In situ hybridization showed that CYP11B2 mRNA was localized in the endoplasm of liver fat-storing cell (Ito cells) and type II alveolar cells of lung. CONCLUSIONS: These studies prove that kidney, liver and lung are able to produce aldosterone.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1999

Structure and function of alleles in the 3' end region of human apoB gene.

OBJECTIVE: To study the structure of alleles in the 3' end of the apoB gene in Han, Mongolian and Tibetan populations in China as well as the roles in the regulation of gene expression. METHODS: DNA were obtained from human leukocytes by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. PCR were carried out in a 50 microliters volume containing 50 ng genomic DNA as template. The Ssp1-digested products were loaded on a gradient acrylamide gel and run for 3 hours. The constructs containing alleles were tested in cultured HepG2 and HeLa cells using transient assays. RESULTS: Sixteen alleles with different repeat number were characterized. All of the alleles varying from HVE22 to HVE52, allele HVE34 was the most common (58.4%), followed by allele HVE36 (13.8%) and HVE32 (10.5%). 258 PCR products were digested with Ssp1 and run in 4-12% PAGE. We detected the fragments of 266bp, 91 bp, 61 bp and 39 bp in almost all samples. The small alleles (including HVE22, HVE24, HVE26 and HVE36) decreased the expressive activity of the luciferase reporter, in contrary, the large alleles (including HVE44, HVE46 and HVE48) elevated obviously the expressive activity of the luciferase reporter. CONCLUSIONS: More alleles with different number of tandem repeats in 3' end of apoB gene exist in the Chinese populations. The alleles in 3' end minisatellite of human apoB gene could control the expression of the gene itself.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

[Performing escharectomy following "clinical guidelines" in extensively burned patients during burn shock stage].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the practicability of performing escharectomy on extensively burned patients during shock stage following the clinical guidelines only. METHOD: Sixty-five burn patients with total body surface area(TBSA) over 30% received resuscitation to prevent and treat burn shock without hemodynamic monitoring. Clinical indexes of optimal resuscitation, such as a urine volume 80 to 100 ml/h, heart rate around 100 to 110/min, respiration rate 20 to 24/min, significant alleviation of thirst, sense of nausea and vomiting, clear mentality, Hb < or = 150 g/l and Hct < or = 0.50 were adopted as guidelines, under which thirty-three patients underwent escharectomy and grafting during burn shock stage (group A). For comparison, other 32 patients received escharectomy 96 hr after injury(group B). The incidences of sepsis and MODS were analyzed. Plasma samples from 12 patients in group A and 9 patients in group B were assayed at interval for LPS, TNF, IL-6 and IL-8. RESULTS: All 33 patients in group A were in stable condition, and the incidence of sepsis was lower (34.4%) than that in group B(56.3%). The incidence of MODS and the mortality of patients in group A was lower than those in group B. Levels of LPS, TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma were lower in group A as compared with those in group B. CONCLUSION: The results show that escharectomy could be performed during shock stage under clinical guidelines with reasonable safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The effects of escharectomy during burn shock stage on metabolic rate alterations].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early massive eschar excision and skin grafting may decrease the hypermetabolic response that characterizes burn injury. METHOD: Twenty-one adult men with burns over 30% of the total body surface area were assigned to one of two treatment groups. Resting energy expenditures (REEs) were obtained by means of cardiorespiratory diagnostic systems (made by Medical Graphics Corporation in USA) at the patients' bedsides. RESULTS: The clinical conditions and non-operative management in two groups were comparable [(311 +/- 15) J.h-1.m-2 vs (345 +/- 16) J.h-1.m-2], but different in time of eschar excision and skin grafting. Although REEs increased sharply in all patients, the patients in group 1 with escharectomy during burn shock stage had lower REEs than those in group 2 with escharectomy after burn shock stage. CONCLUSION: Escharectomy during burn shock stage contribute to decreasing the hypermetabolic response to burn injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Combined retropubo-perineal radical prostatectomy and a new method of reconstructing the posterior urethra].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a new method of reconstructing the posterior urethra for the combined retropubo-perineal radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Six cases of prostate cancer were treated by operative method mentioned previously. For the operation, the routine retropubic radical prostatectomy was carried out first and then through the perineal incision, 4-6 cm of the residual urethra was seperated, held upward and anastomosed with the bladder neck. RESULTS: The urinary catheter was maintained for 14-28 days postoperatively on an average of 21.6 days. After 2-17 (average, 7.3) months of follow-up, 5 cases urinated smoothly and were completely dry for voiding. One case suffered from the infection of the perineal incision and dysuria after the removal of the urinary catheter and needed urethral dilatation periodically. CONCLUSION: The new method of reconstruction of the posterior urethra for the combined retropubo-perineal radical prostatectomy makes a better operative exposure, a better mucoso-mucosa anastomosis, and reduces the tension of anastomosis. It can decrease the incidence of urinary incontinence and urethral stenosis obviously. Its long-term efficacy should be observed in more cases with longer follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical observation on treatment of 38 cases of postoperational large intestinal cancer by fuzheng yiai decoction combined with chemotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of Fuzheng Yiai Decoction (FZYAD) in postoperational large intestinal Cancer after treatment. METHODS: Thirty-eight cases treated by FZYAD combined with chemotherapy in the treated group were observed and compared with 30 patients in the control group treated with chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: After treatment, patients' physical strength of the treated group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01), meanwhile, the median survival time was longer (31.4 months vs 18 months, P < 0.01), the survival rate higher (P < 0.05), and the recurrence rate lower (21.05% vs 48.34%, P < 0.05) in comparison of the treated group and the control group. Moreover, the cellular immune function of the treated group was improved after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In treatment of postoperational large intestinal cancer, the effect of FZYAD combined chemotherapy is better than that of chemotherapy alone in immune function regulation, cancer inhibition, relapse prevention and survival time prolongation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in critical patients - an analysis of 1,292 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of the occurrence and the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in critical patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 1292 patients accepted by our hospital in ten months from October 1995 to July 1996 were analyzed. The patients met at least two of the criteria for SIRS such as fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea or abnormal white blood cell count. RESULTS: 1292 (67.7%) of the 1909 patients investigated met two or more of the criteria for SIRS. In the 1292 cases, those who met two, three or four of the criteria were respectively 467 (36.1%), 526 (40.7%) and 299 (23.1%). 149 patients (11.5%) in the 1292 cases died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In which 33 (7.1%), 57 (10.8%) and 59 (19.7%) respectively in patients with two, three and four of the criteria for SIRS. The proportion of patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome, metabolic function dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure increased with the increase in the number of SIRS criteria that the patients met and with the increase in the proportion of patients progressing from SIRS to septic shock. The mortality rate of the patients also gradually increased while the patients with SIRS were developing sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, but there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that bacterial infection, severe trauma and acute pancreatitis might cause SIRS and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome might play an important role in the maintenance of internal environment of the body. A comprehensive understanding of SIRS might be of help to the management of critical diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of glycyrrhizin on blood pressure and its mechanisms].

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the action of glycyrrhizin on blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11betaHSD 2) and to test its mechanism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats and SHRs (weighing 150 - 220 g) were given glycyrrhizin (Sigma) 200 mg/kg/day, orally for 5 weeks and 3 months. The blood pressure was monitored by means of a pressure transducer connected to a polygraph and recorded. Histological pathological changes of the nutrient arteries of the heart and aorta were studied with light microscope. Mesenteric artery perfusion ex vivo and pressor responses to norepinephrine were performed. The perfusate from the mesenteric arteries was collected and used for reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography to measure aldosterone and corticosterone level. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of 11betaHSD 2 and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) mRNA. RESULTS: The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in Wistar rats treated with glycyrrhizin compared with those not treated. Hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and hypertrophy in arterioles were observed under microscope. The pressor responses to norepinephrine in mesenteric arteries treated with glycyrrhizin were significantly increased. The level of aldosterone was decreased but that of corticosterone was increased in perfusate treated with glycyrrhizin. RT-PCR showed that glycyrrhizin inhibited the expression of 11beta-HSD2and CYP11B2 mRNA in aorta. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that glycyrrhizin is able to induce hypertension. There is evidence that it inhibits the enzymes of both 11beta-HSD2 and CYP11B2 in vasculature and leads to higher corticosterone and lower aldosterone production in vessels as well as an increase in vascular responses to norepinephrine.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1999

[The potential role of cytokine expression and its relation to angiogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

OBJECTIVE: The expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in open lung biopsies from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was studied to investigate their precise role in the development of fibrosis in IPF. METHODS: The distribution and expression of IGF-I and PDGF were examined in lung sections of IPF patients with antibodies and cDNA probes of IGF-I and PDGF by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: IGF-I was predominantly localized in vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells of newly formed vessels in IPF. Smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries which underwent hypertrophy and hyperplasia strongly expressed IGF-I (+ + +). Type II cells, alveolar macrophages, and interstitial cells were also stained with anti-IGF-I, but with lesser intensity (+). PDGF-AA and BB were localized in hyperplastic bronchio-alveolar epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts (+ + +). Alveolar macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were also stained positive (+ +). CONCLUSION: IGF-I and PDGF promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which contribute to the progression of fibrosis in IPF. IGF-I and PDGF are also involved in reepithelization and fibroproliferation in IPF through interaction with mesenchymal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The potential role of cytokines expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protein and gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and open lung biopsies from patients with IPF. METHODS: The immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze the expression of PDGF, TGF-beta in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of patients with IPF. For open lung biopsies, both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used. RESULTS: In specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, TGF-beta were localized to alveolar macrophages in patients with IPF. Though there were no differences between IPF and sarcoidosis in terms of the staining intensity (2.5 - 3.0) or number of positive cells 81% - 90%, the number of such cells were less in the control (0 - 1.7, 25% - 32% respectively). Evaluation of open lung biopsies from patients with IPF showed that PDGF, TGF-beta proteins were localized to hyperplastic bronchio-alveolar epithelial cells (2.4 - 3.7, in control 0), alveolar macrophages (2.9 - 3.7, in control 0.8 - 1.3), fibroblasts (3.0 - 3.6, in control 2.7 - 2.8), vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblast-like cells surrounding pulmonary vessels (2.7 - 4.0, in control 2.1 - 2.9). In situ hybridization results were consistent with that of immunohistochemistry except that PDGF and TGF-beta mRNA transcripts were not detected in bronchio-alveolar epithelial cells. In control lungs, however, both ISH and IHC revealed that PDGF and TGF-beta were only present in the pleura and in fibroblast-like cells surrounding pulmonary vessels. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF and TGF-beta, which interplay with pulmonary mesenchymal cells, are involved in fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix as well as angiogenesis and epithelial cell repopularization.

Becaplermin↗