Biomedical subjects

Yan Li

Publications and source records attributed to Yan Li.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Changes of body mass index in a community cohort of Peking University from 1992 to 2002].

OBJECTIVES: To compare changes in body mass index (BMI), prevalence of over weight and obesity of the population in a community cohort of Peking University during 1992 to 2002, and to study their characteristics of individual BMI. METHODS: Totally, 1 985 individuals aged 35-64 years were selected from Peking University community with stratified random sampling method for baseline survey by physical examinations and questionnaire interviews to collect relevant data in 1992. And, a follow-up survey was conducted for each individual of the cohort in 2002. Data were analyzed for 1 437 individuals with complete records of the two surveys. RESULTS: (1) In the period from 1992 to 2002, weight increased averagely 4.89 kg in men and 3.08 kg in women, respectively, and BMI increased to 25.22 kg/m2 in 2002 from 23.49 kg/m2 ten years ago in men and to 25.02 kg/m2 from 23.30 kg/m2 in women. (2) Prevalence of overweight increased by 47.8% in men and 29.5% in women, and prevalence of obesity increased by 124.2% in men and 131.3% in women, respectively. (3) 74.9% of men with overweight ten years ago remained overweight and 22.9% of them became obese in 2002. 85.7% of men with obesity ten years ago remained obese in 2002. 58.2% of women with overweight ten years ago remained overweight and 34.5% of them became obese in 2002. 93.7% of women with obesity ten years ago remained obese in 2002. CONCLUSIONS: Mean BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity of population in Peking University community increased during 1992 to 2002. Most of those with overweight or obesity ten years ago remained overweight or obese and few of them became normally weighed ten years later. Those with overweight BMI were more liable to become obese than those with normal BMI. All these results indicated once overweight or obesity established, it was difficult to be reversed. Therefore, the key to control overweight and obesity rests on its earlier prevention.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Association of interleukin-6 induction and the novel gene LX3].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the expression of the novel gene LX3 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induction, and explore a new target gene for action mechanism of IL-6. METHODS: The total RNA was extracted from U937 cells induced by IL-6 at different concentrations and varied lengths of time. Reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR and Northern blotting were employed to determine the expression of LX3 and IL-6 induction. RESULTS: The expression of novel gene LX3 was increased while concentration of IL-6 was improved gradually. High expression was induced by IL-6, which was highest at the concentration was 500 ng/ml and no expression at 0 ng/ml. Time- expression pattern proved that expression of novel gene LX3 of higest at 8 hour after induced by IL-6. Northern blotting confirmed that the expression quantity of LX3 increased in U937 cells induced by IL-6. CONCLUSION: The quantity of LX3 expression is associated with the dose and duration of IL-6 induction, suggesting that LX3 gene is a novel gene correlated with IL-6 induction.

Gene Expression↗

PubMed2005

[Preparation of a monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase and establishment of colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare a monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Plasmodium falciparum (FCC1/HN strain) and establish colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. METHODS: Recombinant GDH was used to immunize Balb/C mice and the mAbs against GDH were prepared using hybridoma technique followed by identification of IgG isotype and its affinity. Protein-G affinity chromatography was employed to purify the antibodies, which were labeled with colloidal gold for establishment of GICA for Plasmodium falciparum detection. RESULTS: Six mAbs were obtained and identified as IgG1(kappa) of IgG isotypes with affinity constants (Kaff) ranging from 1 x 10(-8) to 2.8 x 10(-10). GICA had a sensitivity of 86.66%; and specificity of 96.43%; for Plasmodium falciparum detection compared with routine microscopic examination. CONCLUSION: The established GICA is rapid and accurate for Plasmodium falciparum detection with such potential utility as for instant diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Study on posterior intra-vaginal slingplasty for pelvic floor reconstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of posterior intra-vaginal slingplasty (IVS) in the re-construction surgery of pelvic floor. METHODS: Eleven patients with vault prolapse and severe prolapse of uterus undergoing posterior IVS were prospectively studied. RESULTS: Average operation time was 55 min. Average blood loss was 86 ml. Average hospitalization time was 5.6 d. No severe complications occurred. According to subjective assessment of the outcome, all patients were cured. CONCLUSION: Posterior IVS is a minimally invasive, effective and safety surgery for re-construction of pelvic floor.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Studies on spectral characteristics of solid propellant by remote sensing FTIR].

The infrared spectral characteristics of high-intensity IR solid propellant were measured in this paper using a Bruker EQUINOX55 remote sensing FTIR spectrometer. The emission spectra of the combustion flame were recorded in the range of 4700-1800 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of 4 cm(-1). The combustion temperatures of solid propellant at the burning time of 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36 s calculated from the molecular rotation-vibration spectra were 1992.5, 1610.9, 2294.4, 2361.1 and 1916.9 K, respectively. Moreover, the spectral radiance distributions of the high IR flare material at different times were given, and the combustion product concentrations of HCl, HF, CO2 and CO were determined quantitatively. Results showed that remote sensing FTIR is a potential technology that can be applied to the measurement of IR spectral characteristics, especially to the identification of the IR objects, guidance and anti-guidance in the military, and the modification of the make-up of solid propellant.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

[Retrospective analysis of 54 cases of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation].

In order to research the related factors of umbilical cord blood transplantation, 54 cases of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation were analyzed retrospectively, which were performed from June 1998 to July 2003. All cord blood units were obtained from full term normal vaginal deliveries in Guangzhou Maternal-Neonatal Hospital. The fractionation, cryopreservation and thawing of cord blood have been done according to the regulation of New York umbilical cord blood bank and pertinent literature. The selection of cord blood is based on HLA typing and the number of nucleated cells. The results showed that from June 1998 to July 2003, 3 475 units of cord blood were collected in Guangzhou Umbilical Cord Blood Bank and 99 units were provided for therapy of 85 patients in 21 transplantation centers, including 11 sibling and 74 unrelated cord blood transplantations. 54 cases of unrelated cord blood transplantation were reported, including 43 malignant diseases and 11 non-malignant diseases. The median age of recipients was 9.5 (range 1.2 - 33) years, the median weight was 27 (range 10 - 60) kg, the median number of TNC was 6.82 x 10(7)/kg, 43 cord blood were implanted (ANC > 500/microl) at day 60 after transplantation (79.6%, median 17). The time of nuclear cell reconstitution after cord blood transplantation was statistically related with nucleated cells and the type of disease, not related with HLA matching. Acute GVHD was present in 8 patients (21.6%) and chronic GVHD occurred in 2 patients (5.4%), 6 patients suffered from graft failure (11.1%). The total survival rate was 42.6%. It is suggested that unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation seems to be a good substitute for bone marrow transplantation and has good prospects especially in children.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2005

[Regulation of soluble TRAIL and membrane TRAIL in Jurkat cells by PMA].

AIM: To investigate the regulation of soluble and membrane bound TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in Jurkt cells by phorbol myristic acctate (PMA), and the cytotoxicity of the two forms of TRAIL. METHODS: Jurkat cells were cultured in the presence of 40 ng/mL PMA for different time. The production of sTRAIL was determined by ELISA, and expression of mTRAIL was analyzed by indirect fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis. The cytotoxicites of sTRAIL and mTRAIL were detected by (51)Cr release assay, in which DR4/DR5-expressing Raji cells were employed as target cells. RESULTS: The expression of both sTRAIL and mTRAIL in Jurkat cells were upregulated by PMA. The level of sTRAIL in supernatant from PMA-stimulated Jurkat cell culture increased and reached peak at 48 hours after PMA treatment, whereas expression peak of mTRAIL was at 60 hours. Both sTRAIL and mTRAIL exhibited cytotoxicity against Raji cells. CONCLUSION: PMA, a PKC activator, can upregulate the expression of both sTRAIL and mTRAIL in Jurkat cells, and the two forms of TRAIL have cytotoxic activity.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Metabolism of bicyclol in rat and human liver microsomes in vitro].

AIM: To study the drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the metabolism of bicyclol and identify the major metabolites of bicyclol in rat and human liver microsomes. METHODS: Bicyclol was incubated with rat and human liver microsomes. The metabolites of bicyclol were isolated by HPLC and identified by MS and 1H NMR. RESULTS: The metabolic rate of bicyclol in DEX-induced rat liver microsomes was obviously higher than that in untreated microsomes, while it was much lower in human liver microsomes. Ketoconazole was capable to exhibit strong inhibition ( >90%) on bicyclol metabolism. Two metabolites of bicyclol were identified to be 4-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-6-hydroxy-methyl-6 '-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,2',3'-bis (methylene-dioxy) biphenyl and 4-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-6'-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,2',3'-bis (methylene-dioxy) biphenyl. CONCLUSION: CYP3A was considered as the major catalyst involved in bicyclol metabolism in vitro and two metabolites of bicyclol in rats were identified as 4-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-6-hydroxy-methyl-6 '-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,2',3'-bis (methylene-dioxy) biphenyl and 4-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-6'-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,2',3'-bis (methylenedioxy) biphenyl.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and lipid metabolism].

Lipid homeostasis in vertebrate cells is regulated by a family of membrane-bound transcription factors designated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). SREBPs directly activate the expression of numerous genes dedicated to the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids, together with the NADPH cofactor required to synthesize these molecules. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of SREBP trafficking and processing, as well as the molecular aspects of SREBPs in regulating cellular lipid homeostasis; furthermore, we discuss the involvement in the diseases relevant to the disturbance of lipid metabolism.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Effect of synthesis conditions on the morphology and binding property of (-)-ephedrine imprinted polymers].

Contribution of the synthesis parameters to the properties of the polymer is one of the major interests in the study of molecular imprinting technology. To have a better understanding of the influence of polymerization conditions on the polymer morphology and binding property, (-)-ephedrine imprinted polymers synthesized with different cross-linkers (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETRA)), porogens (chloroform and acetonitrile) and monomer concentrations were compared. The resulting polymers were characterized with their pore structure, texture and binding affinities by BET and equilibrium adsorption method. The selectivity of the polymer was evaluated with chromatographic analysis. The results suggested that CHCl3 is a good solvent for methacrylic acid (MAA)-EDMA and MAA-PETRA polymer chains which resulted in smaller polymer surface area. Quantitative determinations of the carboxyl groups in the polymer indicated that polymers synthesized with the same pre-polymerization composition except porogen can have different concentrations of functional monomer in their structures. The study showed that porogen in the molecular imprinting synthesis can affect the morphology and composition of the polymers, which influence the binding affinity of the polymers.

Acetonitriles↗

PubMed2005

[Correlation of E-cadherin polymorphisms to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: E-cadherin (CDH1) relates with invasion and metastasis of various cancers. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of E-cadherin gene may modify its transcriptional activity and protein level. This study was designed to investigate the correlation of CDH1 C-160A and G-347GA single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) to susceptibilities and lymphatic metastases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) in northern China population. METHODS: CDH1 promoter SNPs (C-160A and G-347GA) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 333 ESCC patients, 239 GCA patients, and 343 healthy controls. The combined effect of C-160A and G-347GA was analyzed by EH software. RESULTS: The overall genotype and allelotype distributions of C-160A and G-347GA in ESCC and GCA patients were not significantly different from those in healthy controls (P = 0.08). When stratified by smoking status, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, and lymph node metastasis state, CDH1 SNPs also did not significantly influence the development and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC and GCA. However, compared with individuals with G-347GA G/G genotype, individuals with GA allele (G/GA or GA/GA genotype) had significantly higher risk to develop GCA [age and gender adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-2.04]. The haplotype distribution of CDH1 in the 333 ESCC patients was significantly different from that in the 343 healthy controls (P = 0.008). Compared with -160C/-347G haplotype, -160A/-347GA haplotype significantly increased the risk of developing ESCC (age and gender adjusted OR = 24.26, 95% CI = 3.25-180.87). CONCLUSIONS: CDH1 C-160A SNP has no relation with susceptibility and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC and GCA. However, individuals with G-347GA GA allele have high risk of developing GCAu individuals with -160A/-347GA haplotype have high risk of developing ESCC.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

[Alteration of the malignant phenotype of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B by specially synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides].

OBJECTIVES: To study the inhibitory effect of specially synthesized oligodeoxynucleotide (SODN) on malignant phenotype of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells by complementary binding to the fourth promoter of IGF-2 gene. METHODS: A SODN was synthesized according to the sequence of the fourth promoter of IGF-2 gene, and was then transfected into Hep3B cells which overexpressed IGF-2. IGF-2 gene transcription activity and protein expression were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot methods. The effect on cell growth by SODN was estimated by MTT method, and the effect on cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry. Colony formation assay was performed on 6-well tissue culture dishes. Alteration on mobility and invasiveness were studied used transwell plates. RESULTS: IGF-2 mRNA and protein levels in Hep3B cells transfected with SODN were significantly lower in comparison with those in control groups (Hep3B cells and Hep3B cells transfected with a control oligodeoxynucleotide). Results also showed that SODN did not have inhibitory effects on cell growth and mobility of Hep3B cells, but did have an effect on its colony formation and invasiveness. CONCLUSION: SODN has inhibitory effect on IGF-2 expression in Hep3B cells as a molecular switch, which partially alterates the malignant phenotype of this cell line.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed2005

[The application of a systematic-dynamic model to study the computer simulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome transmission and the impact of control measures].

OBJECTIVE: (1) Building a macroscopical systematic-dynamic model of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) transmission and disease control process. (2) To determine key variables on the control of SARS epidemic through computer simulation methodology, especially to analyze the effect of "screening for fever" practice during the epidemics. (3) To provide evidence for related decision-making. METHODS: Parameters in the model were collected from local hospitals and municapal CDC through interview, questionnaire survey, literature review and case analysis. A systematic-dynamic model was built under similar studies. 'What-if' analysis was used during the simulation process. RESULTS: (1) The mean duration between disease onset and hospital admission, rate of contacts of each infectious individual as well as the rate of contacts in hospital of each infectious individual appeared to be the key variables in the process of SARS transmission. (2) Physician's alertness/sense and practice of self-protection on SARS, measures on quarantine and isolation to the patients, ventilation and disinfection process in the wards appeared to be the key variables for the control of epidemics. (3) "Screening for fever" practice on each patient at the entrance of the hospital did not seem to act as an important factor to the control of the epidemics. CONCLUSION: The health system in Beijing can control SARS epidemic rapidly based on current applied disease control measures and plan.

China↗

PubMed2005

[Effect of rat mesenchymal stem cells on hematopoietic reconstitution after allogeneic co-transplantation with bone marrow].

To investigate effects of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSC) on hematopoiesis after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), allogeneic BMT model from Fischer 344 rats (RT-1Al) to Wistar rats (RT-1Au) was established; effects of MSCs on hematopoietic reconstitution were studied by survival rate, peripheral blood counts, histological analysis and FACS at day 30 after transplantation. The results showed that (1) MSCs from donor Fisher344 could survive in recipient irradiated by lethal dose and could be found in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow of the recipient at 30 days after cotransplantation with BM by measuring EGFP gene. (2) Cotransplanation of MSCs and BM improved hematopoietic reconstitution. Lymphocyte and platelet counts of peripheral blood in cotransplantation group were higher than those in the control group. Active hematopoiesis and increase of bone marrow nucleated cells were observed in cotransplantation group. MSCs significantly enhanced hematopoiesis of B lymphocyte and megakaryocytopoietic lineages by FACS analysis. It is concluded that (1) MSCs of Fisher344 can be found in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow of the recipients at 30 days after cotransplantion by measuring EGFP gene. (2) hematopoietic reconstitution is significantly enhanced by MSCs cotransplanted with BM.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[The expression of heat shock protein 27 in retinal ganglion cells in the rat glaucoma model].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in retinal ganglion cells in experimental rat glaucoma model and to study the relationship between HSP27 expression and hypertension using serum autoantibodies. METHODS: Forty nine Wistar rats were randomly divided into ocular hypertension group, sham control group and normal control group. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated by electrocoagulation of at least 3 episcleral and limbal veins in the right eye of each rat. Contralateral eyes were used as the controls. Serum immunoreactivity against HSP27 was examined in these three groups by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical staining for HSP27 was performed in 49 rats (98 eyes) for studying the distribution of the target gene products in retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fiber layer. RESULTS: Electrocoagulation treatment caused a significant increase of IOP and was maintained for 8 weeks (P < 0.01), which was greater than that in the contralateral eyes, sham control eyes and normal eyes. The baseline IOP was (15.69 +/- 3.20) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa). IOP was increased to (27.52 +/- 6.63) mm Hg (3 days after the operation), (31.42 +/- 6.18) mm Hg (1 week after the operation) and stabilized thereafter for 8 weeks. Serum ELISA titers of HSP27 antibody were higher in ocular hypertension group as compared to the control groups in both sham and normal group at 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.01) and 3 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The expression of HSP27 was significantly enhanced in RGCs with IOP elevated and sustained. It was also significantly increased in retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL). CONCLUSION: Enhanced expression of endogenous HSP27 might play an important role in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Several indirect methods for analysis of CD4 self-association and its function in stable CD4-MHC-II binding].

To examine the self-association of CD4 molecules and preliminary studies on its biological function by several indirect methods. A series of CD4 chimeras were generated including truncated CD4 lacking the short cytoplasmic tail, deleted mutantsD1/D2 devoid of D3 and D4 and D3/D4 devoid of D1 and D2 by PCR techniques, as well as another three CD4 chimeric genes by fused human Fas cytoplasmic death domain to the downstream of the above chimeras respectively. All these molecules were subcloned into pEGFP-N1, forming the corresponding expression vectors. After introducing into HEK293 cells, gene-modified cell morphological changes and target protein subcellular localization were observed and analyzed by a confocal microscopy. Moreover, stable 293/CD4 clones were obtained by transfecting the truncated CD4 recombinant plasmid into the HEK293 cell line and selected by G418. The fluorescene intensity and rosette formation of different clones was each analyzed by a confocal microscopy and cell adhesive assays. It's seen that CD4-Fas fusion gene could induce approximately 80% cell apoptosis of transfected HEK293 cells, compared to FKBP12-Fas is about 30% and CD4 gene only is 7%. Furthermore, both D1/D2-Fas and D3/D4 Fas chimeras could trigger nearly all transfected HEK293 cells to death. Cell adhesion assays showed that neither the D1/D2 nor D3/D4 chimeras when expression in HEK293 cells binds to MHC class II + Raji B cells. Interestedly, there were two type stable clones among 293/CD4. Fluorescence intensity analysis displayed that one' mean fluorescence intensity value is about twice of the other while cell-cell binding examination showed that the former is capable of forming rosette with Raji cells but the latter. All these results suggest that CD4 molecules most likely could exist as a dimer or even an oligomer on transfected HEK293 cell surface, which constitute a functional form for stable binding to MHC class II molecules.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗

PubMed2005

[Altered expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in transdifferentiated human proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor beta1].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) in transdifferentiated human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). METHODS: The transdifferentiation of HK-2 cells was detected by evaluation of expression of alpha-SMA by cytoimmunochemistry and RT-PCR. The VEGF mRNA was evaluated with RT-PCR. The secreted VEGF in the culture media was measured with ELISA. The cellular VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 were measured with Western blot. RESULTS: The immunostain of alpha-SMA were positive in HK-2 cell induced by TGFbeta1 at the concentration of 5 and 8 ng/ml for 72 h. The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA was induced by TGFbeta1 in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The expressions of mRNA and protein of VEGF were upregulated by TGFbeta1 at the concentration of 0.1 and 1 ng/ml for 72 h and at the concentration of 8 ng/ml for 12 h and 24 h when compared with the control. But expressions of mRNA and protein of VEGF were downregulated by TGFbeta1 at the concentration of 3, 5, and 8 ng/ml for 72 h and at the concentration of 8 ng/ml for 36, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Meanwhile, Protein levels of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were upregulated by TGFbeta1 in concentration- and time- dependent manners. CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 and two-phase change in VEGF expression occurred in the process of tubular epithelial transdifferentiation induced by TGFbeta1. Reduced expression of VEGF may contribute to tubular epithelial transdifferentiation in a vicious circle.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed2005

[Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue plasminogen activator in the kidney of KKAy mice with type 2 diabetes].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney of KKAy mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: KKAy mice, a type 2 diabetic animal model, and C57BL-J mice were sacrificed at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age, respectively. The local expression of renal laminin was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Chromogenic substance was used to show the activity of PAI-1. The mRNA expression of tPA was determined by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of PAI-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Laminnin expression was significantly increased in all age groups of KKAy mice. The tPA mRNA was significantly lower than that in C57BL mice, especially at the age of 16w (only 47%). Otherwise the PAI-1 mRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated than that in C57BL mice. CONCLUSION: In type 2 diabetes KKAy mice, the accumulation of ECM may be associated with the abnormal expression of PAI-1/tPA mRNA.

Animals↗