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Biomedical subjects

Y Zohar

Publications and source records attributed to Y Zohar.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Levator veli palatini muscle and eustachian tube function.

Thirty previously unoperated patients with submucous cleft palate, occult submucous cleft palate, and unilateral congenital paralysis of the levator veli palatini muscle were examined. All patients were subjected to a comprehensive otoscopic, endoscopic, audiologic, and tympanometric evaluation. A correlation was made between levator veli palatini muscle anomalies, eustachian tube orifice anomalies, and middle ear ventilation and disorders. Normal middle ear ventilation was found in 23 patients. Negative middle ear pressure that consequently normalized following treatment of coexisting sinusitis was found in 3 patients. Only in 4 patients was chronic middle ear disease found. In one of them, middle ear effusion disappeared following successful treatment of sinusitis. Our conclusion is that the levator veli palatini muscle has no significant function in the opening mechanism of the eustachian tube and must be considered as a velopharyngeal valve muscle only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Amyloidosis of the middle ear in a chronically hemodialyzed patient.

We report a 24-year-old woman on chronic hemodialysis for 7 years in whom investigations for an acute hearing loss revealed a serous otitis media. Tissue obtained at bilateral tympanotomy contained amyloid, which proved to be sensitive to potassium permanganate. This finding may indicate that amyloidosis in hemodialyzed patients is more common than initially thought. A brief review of amyloidosis in hemodialyzed patients is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Otolaryngic examination of the sport scuba diver.

Diving is a sport presenting unique environmental and physiological hazards to its participants. Despite this, scuba diving is an enjoyable and safe hobby, with an estimated rate of 250,000 new divers certified each year. The ears, nose, and paranasal sinuses are the source of the most common problems in divers. Proper otorhinolaryngic medical examination is vital in the certifying of diving candidates and in routine examinations of active scuba divers. Most authorities agree on major guidelines applicable in ENT examination, although some points are a matter of controversy. Based on the major sources on the subject and our own experience, we have listed disqualifying disorders and relative or temporary contraindications for sport scuba diving. Although there are no regulations specifying medical standards for sport divers in the United States, we have tried to provide guidelines for the general practitioner and ENT specialist engaging in an otolaryngic medical examination of a sport scuba diver.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Phlebectasia of the jugular system.

Developmental anomalies of the internal jugular system are rare. Phlebectasia of the jugular system is an abnormal fusiform dilatation which is seldom described in the literature. We present five cases of jugular phlebectasia in the neck. It is of interest to note the symptomatology which was different in each of these cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fibrous dysplasia and cherubism as an hereditary familial disease. Follow-up of four generations.

Five cases of dysplasia of the jaws in one family which has been under our observation since 1970 are reported. The disease appeared as a mixed display of jaw lesions, in some members as fibrous dysplasia and in others as cherubism. We were able to trace the disorder through an unbroken line of four generations, and thus to demonstrate autosomal dominant inheritance. Cytogenetic analysis performed on three members of this family revealed a significantly increased rate of chromosomal breakage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of a Braunula for maxillary sinus irrigation.

Puncture and lavage of the maxillary sinuses is a common procedure in ENT practice. Repeated irrigations are required in chronic sinusitis refractory to treatment. In our department we use a No. 14 gauge Braunula for such cases. Over 100 patients have been treated over the past two years with no significant complications. This device is inexpensive, sterile, safe and easy to use and we recommend its use for patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis requiring repeated irrigations.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

Otitis media with effusion as a presenting symptom of chronic sinusitis.

Otitis media with effusion was the presenting symptom in 23 per cent of patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. The inter-relationship between chronic sinusitis and otitis media with effusion was studied in 29 patients. Endoscopic evaluation of intranasal structures including sinus ostia and Eustachian tube orifices was carried out. We further suggest that otitis media with effusion is not a separate entity but a presentation of sinus disease, predominantly of the ethmoid system. Patients with otitis media with effusion should be evaluated for sinusitis and vice versa. The value of careful nasendoscopy is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Brainstem auditory evoked responses in rats with experimental chronic renal failure.

1. Chronic renal failure was induced in rats by five-sixths nephrectomy. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded after 3 months. 2. In the uraemic rats latency of the first wave was delayed, while the interpeak I-V latency was similar to that of the controls. 3. These results suggest a delayed neural conduction along the acoustic nerve or cochlear changes in uraemic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Brainstem auditory evoked responses in chronic renal failure and the effect of hemodialysis.

Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were recorded in patients with chronic renal failure before commencement of chronic dialysis treatment, and in patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis for several years. Both groups of patients had delayed latencies of the third and fifth waves. The patients on hemodialysis revealed delayed latency of interpeak I-V as well. There was no correlation between wave latency, serum urea, creatinine, PTH or duration of chronic hemodialysis treatment. A hemodialysis session led to a slight shortening of the third wave. This study suggests that neural conduction along the brainstem in patients with chronic renal failure is delayed even before hemodialysis is started. Although 1 dialysis session may have some beneficial effect, long-term hemodialysis treatment does not seem to shorten the delay in neural conduction observed in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Acoustic trauma-induced Meniere's syndrome.

Eight male patients suffering from Menière's syndrome are presented. All patients sustained sudden or prolonged exposure to severe noise levels and suffer from acoustic trauma. The incidence of Menière's syndrome in our group of patients is significantly higher than in series reported in the normal population. Our presentation supports the implication of acoustic trauma as a possible cause of Menière's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pharyngeal fistulas in postoperative hypothyroid patients.

Hypothyroidism is a well-recognized complication of combined treatment for head and neck cancer. We discuss four patients who developed pharyngeal fistulas after total laryngectomy and preoperative (one patient) or postoperative (three patients) radiation therapy. The fistulas were refractory to conservative and surgical repair. Once the existence of hypothyroidism was established, immediate substitution therapy resulted in rapid healing of the fistulas and marked improvement of the patients' general condition. Few clinical reports exist on postoperative hypothyroidism and wound healing complications. Experimental work shows delay and impairment of wound healing in hypothyroid animals as opposed to hyperthyroid ones, in which wound healing was accelerated. Suspicion is warranted in patients after treatment for head and neck cancer when they exhibit even minimal symptoms of hypothyroidism or develop postoperative complications refractory to conservative treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Mycobacterium tuberculosis cervical adenitis. Diagnosis and management.

Cervical adenopathy as the sole presentation of tuberculosis is seen infrequently in the pediatric age group. Despite modern treatment and public health measures, tuberculous cervical adenitis persists, and its prompt diagnosis and treatment are important from both a clinical and preventive health perspective. The authors report five cases of children with ages ranging from 8 to 17 years, in whom cervical adenitis was the only presentation of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The clinical presentation and methods of diagnosis and treatment are described, and the difficulty of differentiation between infections with M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections is stressed. Tuberculous cervical adenitis should be considered in cases of an elusive diagnosis of a cervical mass in the pediatric patient.

Adolescent↗