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Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa and the severity of atrophic gastritis].

We studied the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis. Eighty non-ulcer patients underwent endoscopy with biopsy. Detection and quantitative assessment of H. pylori was made based on smear, culture and tissue section (Gram stain). The extent of atrophic gastritis was assessed endoscopically according to the classification of Kimura and Takemoto. Severity of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was assessed histologically. H. pylori infection was accompanied by or preceded the extension of atrophic gastritis. In patients with severe atrophic gastritis H. pylori was not detected. In the advanced stage of atrophic gastritis H. pylori might be cleared from the gastric mucosa. Our results suggest that H. pylori may be one of the factors for the extension of atrophic gastritis.

Gastritis, Atrophic↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of the eradication of H. pylori on the intractable ulcer].

On 25 cases (gastric ulcer 14 cases and duodenal ulcer 11 cases) of the intractable ulcer which was H. pylori-positive, we eradicated H. pylori. The eradication was done during 14 days by a triple therapy: bismuth subnitrate 2.0 g, metronidazole 0.75 g, AMPC 0.75 g/day). All cases were confirmed to be eradicated by culture and microscopic examination. 24 cases (gastric ulcer 13/14 and duodenal ulcer 11/11) were confirmed to be completely cured. After the eradication, we ceased the maintenance therapy by H2RA and followed them up, however, no ulcer relapses were found up to 9 months. It was considered that the eradication against H. pylori was a very effective method to the intractable ulcer.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1993

Photodegradation products of levofloxacin in aqueous solution.

The photodegradation of levofloxacin (DR-3355, CAS 100986-85-4), the S-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was investigated. Levofloxacin in aqueous solution was exposed to near ultraviolet light (peak wavelength 352 nm) for 16 h at room temperature. Nine degradation products (P-2-P-10) were isolated from the reaction mixture by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of these compounds were deduced from their NMR, MS, UV and IR spectra and optical rotations. The elucidated structures showed that all of these degradation products were analogues altered at the N-methylpiperazine moiety of levofloxacin.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Introduction of a "safety zone" for the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Anatomic variations of the biliary tract were found in 18 cases of 600 patients (3.0%) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All bile duct anomalies were confirmed preoperatively by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In every case, the cystic duct and cystic artery were exposed in a "safety zone" near the gallbladder neck in Calot's triangle. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully performed on all 18 cases. Intraoperative cholangiography clearly demonstrated the anatomic variations in all cases, unequivocally identified the cystic duct, and confirmed the absence of bile duct injury. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and intraoperative cholangiography, which have been performed routinely in all patients, improve the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Moreover, the observance of the essential rule of "keep operating in the safety zone" protects against inadvertent complications, especially against bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was thus successfully performed on all 600 cases in the present series, except for three cases, which were converted to open surgery (conversion rates, 0.5%), because of pin-hole bleeding on the portal vein in our first case of 600, and severe adhesion in two (46th and 302nd) cases.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1993

[Assay of erythropoietin in serum with short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method--the clinical significance, Part 1: Relation to anemia in renal failure and hematological disorders].

With a newly developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit TOYOBO Co. in which 2 anti-EPO monoclonal antibodies were used, we assayed EPO concentration in sera from normal adults, 168 patients with renal failure and 333 patients with hematological disorders. In the patients with renal failure, serum EPO level was normal (52.9%) or reduced (42.9%), and there was no correlation to their hematocrits. However, there was an increment in EPO concentration correlated to their severity of anemia in the most patients with hematological disorders, such as iron deficiency anemia (correlation coefficient r = -0.74), aplastic anemia (r = -0.89), leukemia (r = -0.81), and MDS (r = -0.65). On the other hand, EPO concentration in sera from all the untreated patients with polycythemia vera were significantly low level. But the concentrations of EPO from the patients successfully treated, with normal hematocrit were recovered to normal level. In the patients with secondary polycythemia, there were much varieties in EPO level. Assay of EPO in blood is important not only for diagnosis of polycythemia but also for the analysis of anemia and clinical use of EPO in vivo. The method described here is accurate and technically not complicated, and could be widely induced in most laboratories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Assay of erythropoietin in serum with short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method--the clinical significance: Part 2--:Relation to serum iron, UIBC and ferritin in renal failure and hematological disorders].

With a newly developed short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (TOYOBO Co.), in which 2 kinds of anti-EPO monoclonal antibodies were used, we assayed EPO concentration in sera from patients with renal failure and hematological disorders. In this report, the EPO data were analysed in relation to serum iron concentrations, with ferritin and UIBC. In the patients with renal failure, there was no significant correlation between EPO concentration and serum iron, ferritin, nor UIBC concentration. On the other hand, in the patients with hematological disorders, there were two types. One was in patients with iron deficiency anemia, whose serum EPO was negatively correlated to serum iron (r = -0.64) and ferritin (r = -0.59), but positively related to UIBC (r = 0.27). The another was the pattern in patients with aplastic anemia, leukemia and MDS, whose serum EPO positively correlated to iron and ferritin but negatively correlated to UIBC. In the patients with aplastic anemia serum EPO had good correlation to serum iron (r = 0.62), ferritin (r = 0.60) and UIBC (r = -0.46). The relationship of EPO to iron in the patients with leukemia (r = 0.54), and EPO to ferritin in the patients with MDS (r = 0.42) show significantly positive correlation coefficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1993

[A case of sporadic and transient bradyarrhythmias in a patient with a glioma in the medulla oblongata].

In a 20-year-old female patient with a brain stem glioma in the medulla oblongata in association with paraplegia and respiratory paralysis, bradyarrhythmias such as sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest repeated sporadically and transiently, but soon subsided as radiotherapy was being delivered to the glioma in the medulla oblongata. The bradyarrhythmias were differentiated from sick sinus syndrome in their sporadic and transient character. The patient responded normally to atropine, isoproterenol, and phenylephrine. Parasympathetic nerve reflexes induced by Aschner's, Czermak's, and Valsalva's maneuvers and sympathetic nerve reflex induced by change of body position were within normal limits. Although EKG abnormalities associated with diseases of the central nervous system are frequently due to intracranial hypertension and/or irritation of the hypothalamus, the bradyarrhythmias in this patient were possibly due to vagus stimulation caused by the glioma in the medulla.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Newly developed ultrasonic micro-probe (15MHz), basic and clinical study for gastrointestinal lesions].

The authors evaluated a new device the ultrasonic micro-probe (2.4mm in the outer diameter, radial scanning system, 15MHz, Toshiba Co.) from both its basic and clinical aspects using resected gastric specimens and clinical subjects. The ultrasonic resolution of this new ultrasound imaging catheter was demonstrated to be best the probe-object distance was 1.0-3.0mm and angle of inclination was 0-20. On clinical use of the probe, the above-mentioned basic evaluation is important to achieve high resolution ultrasonic image. For attenuation of ultrasound due to the high-frequency (15MHz), the main subjects of this probe for evaluation of gastrointestinal tract are small lesions of mucosal-submucosal layers. Because of its small caliber (2.4mm), the micro-probe can be passed through the biopsy channel of common used endoscope, and permits the intra-luminal ultrasound examination at routine endoscopy, if necessary. This new device the ultrasonic micro-probe will develop the ability of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

[Lipoprotein (a) and sclerotic changes in retinal arterioles].

Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) has been considered an independent risk factor for arteriosclerotic disease and its role in retinal vascular changes was studied in this report. The study was made on 160 patients of age 54 and above. They were divided into four groups depending upon their clinical background with or without the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cerebral infarction (CI). The retinal vascular status of the patients was studied by ophthalmoscopic examination and the findings were graded according to Scheie's classification. We found that all the patients with retinal arterial hypertension and arteriosclerosis had a significant by high level of serum Lp (a). Similarly, serum Lp (a) level was higher in the patients with DM and CI than in the control subjects. These findings suggested that Lp (a) might influence the pathological changes of senile retinal arterioles. Moreover, we found a positive linear correlation between Lp (a) and plasminogen in patients with CI.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical application of retinoic acid and vitamin D3 derivatives to the treatment of refractory anemias].

Refractory anemias and the myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis, leading to persistent peripheral cytopenias. Patients also have an increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia. Since defective cellular maturation is the central pathogenetic feature, improved differentiation may result in correction of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Clinical trials using retinoic acid and vitamin D3 analogues are not satisfactory and only small numbers of patients may benefit from receiving them. In view of the absence of other effective treatment, future studies should be directed to the combined use of differentiating agents with hematopoietic growth factors and to the identification of new compounds with greater differentiating ability and less toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reconstitution of the RB gene suppresses the growth of small-cell lung carcinoma cells carrying multiple genetic alterations.

Multiple genetic alterations, including inactivation of the RB gene, occur commonly in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). To assess a functional role of RB inactivation in the development of SCLC, an RB expression plasmid was introduced by stable transfection into SCLC cell lines, Lu-135 and N417, in which the RB gene was inactivated. Lu-135 and N417 cells transfected with the wild-type RB gene formed G418-resistant colonies twofold less efficiently than those with a mutated RB gene or with the control vector. Intact exogenous wild-type RB genes were detected only in approximately 20% of G418-resistant clones; three of 14 in Lu-135 and three of 16 in N417, respectively. Transcripts from the transfected RB gene were also detected in two of these three clones from Lu-135 and two of three from N417 but the amount of RB mRNA and protein was less than one fifth of that in normal fibroblast cells WI-38. Furthermore, clones with exogenous wild-type RB expression showed either reduced growth rates in culture or suppressed tumorigenicity in nude mice. These findings suggest that functional correction of the RB gene is sufficient to suppress the growth of SCLC cells, even though several other genetic alterations in the cells remain uncorrected.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical usefulness of measurement of erythropoietin in blood].

Blood erythropoietin (EPO) concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in 513 patients with various diseases. Untreated polycythemia vera showed lower EPO concentration than normal. Aplastic anemia (AA) revealed the highest EPO level among all anemic diseases in relation to hematocrit value. EPO level of AA patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation was as low as normal subjects even when the anemia has not fully recovered. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) showed unusually high EPO concentration among hemolytic anemias. In normal subjects, blood EPO concentration showed a diurnal rhythm that was higher at night than during the daytime. These findings suggest the diagnostic usefulness of measurement of EPO in blood diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of minimal residual clone after sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation by fluorescent in situ hybridization].

In our previous paper we reported that fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using DYZ1 and DXZ1 was a highly reproducible technique and cellular chimerism consisting of cells of male and female origins could be detected in the order of 0.1%. In the present study FISH was applied to detect minimal residual clones (MRC) in 10 patients with a variety of leukemias who received sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In 9 patients who had no signs of recurrence, serial FISHs performed on each patient revealed the presence of 0.1 to 3.2% recipient residual clone. On the other hand, in the remaining one patient 10.6% and 16.9% of MRC were found by FISH performed 6 and 10 months after BMT. Immediately thereafter, this patient was diagnosed as in relapse by bone marrow examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Pathology of arteriosclerosis--an overview].

Arteriosclerosis is vascular disease characterized by thickening, hardening and remodelling of the arterial wall and classified into following three categories: atherosclerosis, Mönckeberg's medial calcific sclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. Fibromuscular intimal thickening starts its development in the fetal age of the 6th month and continues to grow with aging. The specific topography of early atherosclerotic lesions is primarily attributed to wall shear stress, one of hemodynamic forces. The lesion will proliferate to form atherosclerosis when complicated by hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and/or other clinical risk factors. The major complications of atherosclerosis, stenosis of the arterial lumen and thrombus formation at ulcerated arterial walls, frequently cause such lethal diseases as ischemia of various pivotal organs or rupture of aneurysms.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Progression from ischemic injury to infarct following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.

Focal brain ischemia induced in rats by occlusion of an intracranial artery is a widely used paradigm of human brain infarct. Details of the structural changes that develop in either the human or the rat brain at various times after occlusion of an intracranial artery are incompletely characterized. We studied, in 48 adult Wistar rats, structural alterations involving the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to an arterial occlusion, at intervals ranging from 30 min to 7 days. Microscopic changes developed over time in separate areas of the corresponding cerebral hemisphere in a predictable pattern, appearing as small lesions in the preoptic area (30 minutes), enlarging to involve the striatum, and finally involving the cerebral cortex. Two types of neuronal responses were noted according to the time elapsed; acute changes (up to 6 hours) included scalloping, shrinkage, and swelling, whereas delayed changes (eosinophilia and karyolysis) appeared later (> or = 12 hours). Three types of astrocytic responses were noted. 1) Cytoplasmic disintegration occurred in the preoptic area at a time and in a place where neurons appeared minimally injured. 2) Nuclear and cytoplasmic swelling were prominent responses in the caudoputamen and cerebral cortex at a time when neurons showed minimal alterations. 3) Increased astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein reactivity was noted at the interface between the lesion and the surrounding brain tissue after 4 to 6 hours. The gross pattern of the brain lesion and the maturation of neuronal changes typical of a brain infarct have a predictable progression. Focal brain ischemia of up to 6-hour duration does not induce coagulation necrosis.

Animals↗