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Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Ganglions and ganglionic neurons in the cat's larynx.

Localization, projections and role of ganglia and ganglionic neurons in the laryngeal framework were demonstrated in cats. Six to 8 large size ganglia containing 50 to 80 ganglionic neurons per ganglion in the paraglottic space, 4 to 6 small ganglia involving 5 to 25 cells in each ganglion dorsal to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, and 1 to 3 small ganglia including 15 to 25 perikarya per ganglion around the inferior laryngeal nerve were observed. Each ganglion showed spindle shaped covering fibrous capsule. Ganglionic neurons totaling 600 to 800 were oval shaped with an average diameter of 25 microns. Projections of the ganglionic neurons to the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and nodose ganglion (NG) through the ipsilateral internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and to periphery were detected. From the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, SCG and NG, the ganglionic cells received projections ipsilaterally. On immunocytochemistry many vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive (ir) neurons, some neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir neurons and a few substance P (SP)-ir cells were recognized in ganglions. VIP-, NPY-, TH-, SP-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir fibers were also observed in and around vessels and glands. Following denervation, VIP-, NPY- and TH-ir neurons and fibers did not change. These results prove that laryngeal ganglionic neurons have endogenic autonomic, especially cholinergic nature and innervate vessels and glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) after chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; a placebo-controlled double blind phase III trial.

To assess the clinical and hematopoietic effects of rhGM-CSF, a placebo-controlled double blind multicenter phase III study was undertaken in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Sixty-two patients who had granulocytopenia (< 1 x 10(3)/microliters) after the first cycle of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone were enrolled. After the second cycle of chemotherapy with the same regimen, patients randomly received either rhGM-CSF (125 micrograms/m2/day) or placebo for 14 days (rhGM-CSF; 31 patients and placebo; 31 patients). Administration of rhGM-CSF induced a significant increase in granulocytes mainly with neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes, but elevation of lymphocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes was not induced. Median days of granulocytes less than 1 x 10(3)/microliters in patients receiving rhGM-CSF were significantly shorter than in patients receiving placebo (p = 0.001). Adverse reactions encountered with rhGM-CSF, and observed in 58% of the patients were never life-threatening and always rapidly reversible. They included fever, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, skin eruption, and malaise. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF can be safely administered to prevent neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Computed tomography in fetal methylmercury poisoning.

Cerebral computed tomography was studied in eight patients with fetal methylmercury poisoning. All patients had evidence of prenatal exposure to methylmercury and showed psychomotor retardation. All of them had abnormal computed tomography findings. The most common finding was sulcal and ventricular enlargement, with or without cisternal enlargement. These findings indicated generalized cortical and subcortical maldevelopment. The distribution of sulcal and fissural enlargement did not show specific dominance in central sulcus, calcarine fissure or cerebellum. This distribution contrasts with the location of focal atrophy present in adult methylmercury poisoning. The computed tomography findings were relatively mild compared with the clinical features and were not distinct from those in cerebral palsy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Myelomeningocele and thick filum terminale with tethered cord appearing as a human tail. Case report.

Tail-like caudal appendages may be associated with spinal dysraphism, particularly with spinal lipomas or lipomyelomeningoceles. An unusual case is presented of a patient with a myelomeningocele and a thick filum terminale with tethered spinal cord, which presented with the external appearance of a human tail. A review of the literature reveals that human tails may be associated with dysraphic conditions. Extensive neuroradiological examinations should be performed for all such cases of apparent tails.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

[Autonomic innervation of feline laryngeal glands: an immuno-electronmicroscopic study].

Autonomic innervation of feline laryngeal glands was investigated immunoelectronmicroscopically using antisera for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A relatively dense population of immunoreactive (ir) VIP fibers was found in the vicinity of the basement membranes of glandular and myoepithelial cells. Some VIP -ir fibers contacted the basement membrane and some of the fibers penetrated the adjoining glandular cells intercellularly without making synaptic contacts with them. Ir-NPY and -TH fibers were less abundant than VIP-fibers and were distributed beneath the basement membranes of myoepithelial cells. These fibers were not encountered between glandular cells. The estimated ratio of ir-VIP, -TH and -NPY fibers was 20:4:1, based on the density of fibers in glandular tissues. Because this value was equal between serous and mucous glandular cell, these two tissues may receive the same pattern of autonomic innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An immunohistochemical study of helix pomatia agglutinin binding on carcinomas of the esophagus.

In many factors affecting the biologic behavior of malignant cells, alterations in the carbohydrate composition of cell membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are considered to underlie the changes in cell adhesion that accompany malignant transformation and the development of invasive and metastatic properties. We investigated the alterations of the cell surface glycoproteins structure of carcinoma of the esophagus cells by HPA staining. The rate of patients with positive HPA staining increases with progression of depth of carcinoma invasion and venous invasion, and the survival in patients with positive HPA was poorer than in those with negative HPA. HPA-positive cells of carcinoma of the esophagus represent high malignant potentials. The HPA staining method is available to predict the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1993

Identification of surface-exposed parts of red-light- and far-red-light-absorbing forms of native pea phytochrome by limited proteolysis.

Peptide fragments were obtained by limited proteolysis with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V 8 protease from either the PR or the PFR form of 121-kDa phytochrome purified from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) shoots. Patterns of bands after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS of the digests were different, with some bands appearing preferentially when the digestions were carried out with the PR or the PFR form. Amino-terminal sequences of the fragments were analyzed to determine the exact locations of the amino-termini of the fragments within the amino acid sequence of the apoprotein of pea phytochrome. The amino acid compositions of some of the sequenced fragments were determined in order to confirm the carboxy-terminal amino acids. Three cleavage regions were identified as kinetically favored sites of cleavage of PFR (Arg-746 to Lys-752, around Glu-877 and around Arg-1010), whereas only one was identified for PR (Glu-38 to Arg-62). Regions of Glu-255, Arg-383, Arg-583 to Glu-620 and Lys-1093 to Glu-1115 were also identified as potential sites of proteolytic cleavage in both forms of the phytochrome. Other cleavage sites, the specificities of which have not yet been determined, are Glu-404, Glu-695 and Lys-1045. Surface-exposed parts of phytochrome in the PR and PFR forms are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Atherosclerosis-associated changes in the carbohydrate-binding capacities of smooth muscle cells of various human arteries.

A set of labelled neoglycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides, recognizing carbohydrate receptors specific for glucose (glu), mannose (man), lactose (lac), fucose (fuc), fucoidan (fud), dextran sulfate (dex), and heparin (hep), as well as polyclonal antibodies specific for an endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin of molecular weight 14kD (A14kD) and a heparin-binding lectin (AHL) have been applied to the main arteries of 10 autopsy cases. Slides of the following types of vessels were incubated with solutions of the biotinylated probes or antibodies at room temperature for 60 min: right and left coronary artery, carotid artery, abdominal and thoracic aorta, pulmonal artery, and the left femoral artery. Atherosclerotic lesions and non-atherosclerotic areas were analyzed for each individual type of vessel. The percentage of the determined expression of the presence of specific binding sites for the various probes was the lowest in the carotid and cardiac arteries, and the highest in the pulmonal artery. Pronounced quantitative differences between the normal and atherosclerotic arterial walls were noted for binding of fuc-, man-, and lac-exposing neoglyco-proteins of the right coronary artery and the carotid artery. Pulmonal and femoral arteries differed with respect to fucoidan or dextran sulfate binding. The heparin-specific lectin and the 14kD-lectin were found to be present in nearly all arterial walls, independent from the localization and the presence of an atherosclerotic lesion. The findings suggest that the expression of sugar receptors, as assessed by labelled neoglycoproteins or sulfated polysaccharides, may be of importance in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary and carotid arteries.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Clinical and cytogenetic findings of myelodysplastic syndromes showing hypocellular bone marrow or minimal dysplasia, in comparison with typical myelodysplastic syndromes.

Hematologic and cytogenetic data were collected on 401 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients in Japan and their clinical relevance was analyzed. More than 50% of the MDS patients with hypocellular bone marrow had > 5% marrow blasts at the time of MDS diagnosis and frequently had complex aberrations (chromosome changes at three or more regions). They showed peripheral blood findings resembling those of aplastic anemia, but progression into leukemic phase and the prognosis tended to mimic typical MDS. In MDS patients with minimal dysplasia, hematologic parameters were different from those of aplastic anemia. However, the low incidence of leukemic transformation and the favorable prognosis was similar to that of aplastic anemia. More than 90% of the patients in this group had refractory anemia and had normal karyotypes. Thus differential diagnosis from a low grade aplastic anemia is important, since this type of MDS might have a clonal nature as well. In conclusion, although some hematologic and clinical deviations are noticed in MDS with hypocellular marrow or minimal dysplasia, these MDS subtypes might constitute marginal forms of MDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of pulmonary thromboembolism associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia].

A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for dyspnea on exertion and chest oppression. He was diagnosed as having pulmonary thromboembolism by pulmonary perfusion scan and angiography. An anticoagulant (heparin) and fibrinolytic (urokinase) therapy were administered to him as standard therapy. Six days after continuous infusion of heparin, however, he complained of worsening of dyspnea associated with severe hypoxemia and thrombocytopenia. Because heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was suspected, heparin administration was discontinued. Shortly after switching anticoagulant therapy from heparin to warfarin, the patient's symptom improved and his platelet count returned to the pretreatment value. In this case, it was thought that an immune-mediated response contributed to this heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia. Moreover, we revealed platelet aggregating factor in the patient's plasma. This case illustrates that caution must be taken in the use of heparin for anticoagulant therapy in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Influence of shear stress on endothelial cell shapes and junction complexes at flow dividers of aortic bifurcations in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

We studied the effects of hemodynamic forces on endothelial cell shape and junction complexes in sudanophilic and non-sudanophilic regions at flow dividers of aortic bifurcations in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rabbits by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the freeze fracture method. Flow profiles and shear stresses were obtained by tracing the paths of particles in a transparent vessel in steady flow. No apparent differences between normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rabbits were observed by SEM. The tip of the apex of flow dividers, a point of stagnated flow, and the leading edge, which was exposed to laminar, high shear stress, were non-sudanophilic, and were covered by, respectively, round and long fusiform endothelial cells. The tight junctions were continuous and gap junctions had a regular shape. The hip of the flow dividers of branchings, a relatively low shear stress region, was sudanophilic and was covered by ellipsoidal cells with discontinuous tight junctions and irregularly shaped gap junctions. Our results suggest that endothelial cells exposed to relatively low wall shear stress, but not to high shear stress, may be functionally activated, leading to an increased intercellular permeability, which may make these regions vulnerable to atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Hemophilia A complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma].

A 60-year-old hemophiliac man complaining of abdominal discomfort was admitted on suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by ultrasonography (US). When he was 22-year-old, blood transfusion was given for intra-abdominal hematoma due to an external wound and a diagnosis of moderate hemophilia A and non-A non-B type chronic hepatitis (later, C type chronic hepatitis) was made at the age of 40. After admission, HCC in the S6 segment of the liver was diagnosed by US, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. He was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and partial resection of the liver. Later, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy and TAE was performed because of the recurrence of HCC. He is now alive with no evidence of recurrence. The rate of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is significantly high in hemophiliacs but, because of the replacement therapy, their life expectation has dramatically improved in last two decades. Therefore, it is speculated that the incidence of HCC in hemophiliacs will increase. We emphasize that regular US examination for HCV-positive hemophiliacs is important for the early detection of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

Elemental analysis of hair among children living in Bangkok, Negros Island and Takarazuka. A comparative study in three countries.

Twelve elements in the hair of children living in Bangkok (Thailand) were compared with those of children living in Negros Island (Philippines) and Takarazuka (Japan). With the exception of lower Se and F values, the contents of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Al in the hair of children in Bangkok were higher than those in Japanese children. A high coefficient of correlation was obtained between Cu and Fe, Cu and Mn, Se and Fe, Se and Cu, Se and Mn in the children of Bangkok. These findings were not found in other groups.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Dietary fiber intake among the general population in 25 prefectures].

The per capita daily intake of dietary fiber in 25 prefectures was calculated from measured values of dietary fiber in each food according to the modified Southgate method and the modified Prosky method. Results obtained were as follows; In the calculated values according to the modified Southgate method, mean per capita daily dietary fiber intake was highest in Gunma 20.5 g and lowest in Okinawa (13.5 g). On the other hand with Prosky method, dietary fiber intake was highest in Gunma (19.3 g) and lowest in Hyogo (12.4 g). Therefore, dietary fiber intake was higher in eastern Japan than in western Japan. In calculated values according to the modified Southgate method, the largest consumption was noted with rice at 30%. On the other hand, in Prosky method, vegetables were noted as the largest and rice ranked second. The mean per capita daily intake of hemicellulose was noted at 50% of the whole, cellulose at 30-35% and lignin at 15-20%.

Calcium, Dietary↗
PubMed1993

[ELISA tests for detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies].

The efficacy of commercial ELISA tests for detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies was investigated. Some investigators reported that six commercial ELISA tests had sensitivities of 81-96%, and had specificities of 29-96%. It is possible that some of false-negative results by ELISA may occur for patients who are in the acute phase of infection. When ELISA tests gave false-positive results, it should be taken into account that there might be some false negative diagnoses for the gastric H. pylori status, arising from sampling errors. Some of the false-positive results by ELISA might indicate the previous infection only.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗