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Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[A case of small cell lung carcinoma associated with pneumoconiosis who responded well to the over twenty chemotherapy treatments, resulting in prolonged survival].

In a 62-year-old man with pneumoconiosis (management 4), small cell lung carcinoma (intermediate cell type) was detected at the routine health examination for pneumoconiosis. The stage of the disease was III B (T2N3M0). Chemotherapy was undertaken over twenty times, resulting in a prolonged survival time (42.5 months). A case of this kind with small cell lung cancer responding well to repeated chemotherapy (decreased tumor size and tumor marker) until the terminal stage seems relatively rare and valuable.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

[Intravenous anesthesia by continuous administration of midazolam and fentanyl].

We examined the amount and method of administration of midazolam and fentanyl for intravenous anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia was induced by intravenous administration of fentanyl 0.2-0.3 mg, followed by a minimal sleeping-inducing dose of midazolam, and then an additional 0.2 mg of fentanyl before starting the operation. To maintain anesthesia, a half dose of the first dose of midazolam was administered every hour, and a continuous intravenous injection of fentanyl at 0.08 microgram-1. kg-1.min-1 was also performed. It is suggested that these doses are the most suitable for obviating the use of antagonist. Also, by using a continuous administration, the dose of fentanyl can be reduced, and it is possible to stabilize circulation. Without the use of nitrous oxide during intravenous anesthesia, it is necessary to double the dose of fentanyl administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reduction of progressive burn injury by using a new nonselective endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptor antagonist, TAK-044: an experimental study in rats.

Endothelins are well-known vasoconstrictor peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells that have been reported to have a fundamental role in regulation of the systemic blood circulation. Plasma levels of endothelins are increased by burn injury, which also causes thrombosis and occlusion of vessels in the dermis as well as a vascular response in the adjacent uninjured dermis. Diminished blood flow leads to progressive ischemia and necrosis of the dermis beneath and around the burn (zone of stasis). If blood flow could be restored in this zone, secondary tissue damage would be minimized. In this study we examined the effects of a new nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist, TAK-044 (Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), on burn trauma in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing an average of 450 gm were burned with a brass probe that produced a row of three burns 10 x 30 mm in size and two intervening unburned areas 5 x 30 mm in size. Rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals. Four groups received 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg of TAK-044 via the dorsal vein of the penis immediately after burn trauma, while the control group received the same volume of saline. Skin blood flow was measured with a laser-Doppler flowmeter, and the development of edema and the area of necrotic tissue also were determined. Inhibition of endothelin activity by TAK-044 after burn injury improved microvascular perfusion in the zone of stasis and prevented the progression of tissue damage in this zone. This supports the role of endothelins in the progression of burn injury in the zone of stasis. TAK-044 was most effective in preventing progressive burn damage at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The extent of necrosis and edema was reduced significantly, and blood flow in the zone of stasis was increased in the treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The effect of YNK-01 (an oral prodrug of cytarabine) on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Thirty-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with YNK-01, a prodrug of cytarabine for oral administration. A dose of 200 mg/d of YNK-01 was administered to 17 cases and 300 mg/d to 15 cases. One course was 2 weeks in duration, and this was repeated every 4 weeks for as long as the patients were able to tolerate it. There were five partial responses (15%) and 13 patients with no change (41%). A higher partial response rate was observed in the 300 mg/d group (27%) compared with the 200 mg/d group (6%). The average durations of partial response and no change were approximately 4 and 3 months, respectively. The main side effects of YNK-01 were anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and symptoms of the alimentary tract (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, etc). These results suggest that YNK-01 is a potentially useful oral agent for chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Successful endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate following the recurrence of bleeding soon after endoscopic ligation for ruptured duodenal varices.

Bleeding from duodenal varices in a 63-yr-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver was found at endoscopy, and ligation surgery was carried out. Ten months after the operation, bleeding from the duodenal varices occurred and was treated by endoscopic ligation. However, after performing this procedure, bleeding again occurred 1 week later. Hemostasis was finally achieved by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. For the 22 months since the injection, the patient has been free from further bleeding. These results suggest that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was effective in bringing about immediate cessation of the bleeding in duodenal varices and that long-term hemostasis can be expected.

Duodenoscopy↗
PubMed1997

[Are directional coronary atherectomy and Palmaz-Schatz stent more efficacious than conventional balloon angioplasty for treating de novo coronary artery lesions?].

It is unclear whether new devices such as directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) or Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation improve long-term outcomes compared with conventional balloon angioplasty in patients with stable angina and de novo coronary artery lesions of type A or type B except for complete occlusive lesions investigated by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A total of 146 patients with stable angina and simple lesions were assigned to either conventional balloon angioplasty (62 patients), DCA (50 patients), or Palmaz-Schatz implantation (34 patients). The acute results and late outcomes were assessed by coronary angiography. The results of the three procedures were similar with respect to procedural success and complications. Patients who underwent stenting or DCA had a larger immediate increase in the diameter of the lumen and a larger luminal diameter immediately after the procedure than those who underwent balloon angioplasty. At six months follow-up, the patients treated by stenting continued to have a larger luminal diameter and a lower rate of restenosis than those treated with balloon angioplasty (2.30 +/- 0.66 vs 1.85 +/- 0.83 mm, p < 0.005; 5.9% vs 29%, p < 0.05) and DCA (2.30 +/- 0.66 vs 1.90 +/- 0.96 mm, p < 0.05; 5.9% vs 24%, NS). The patients treated with balloon angioplasty had a smaller late loss than those treated with DCA or Palmaz-Schatz stent. The patients treated with DCA had a larger loss index than those treated with balloon angioplasty or Palmaz-Schatz stent. Stenting was a significant factor in decreasing the rate of restenosis by logistic regression analysis, compared with balloon angioplasty. The angiographic outcomes were better in patients who received a stent than in those who received other treatments. This study suggests that even lesions stable for treatment by balloon angioplasty and DCA can also be treated with Palmaz-Schatz stents.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Medulloblastoma originating from the superior cerebellar peduncle: a case report].

A rare case of medulloblastoma originating from the superior cerebellar peduncle is reported. After tilting her neck to the right, a 4-year-old girl experienced a left-side hemiparesis for 3 months. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an enhanced mass in the left tentorial incisura. The preoperative diagnosis was trochlear nerve neurinoma or tentorial meningioma, while the postoperative pathological diagnosis was medulloblastoma. Since medulloblastoma is thought to originate from the external granular layer, it is speculated that the external granular layer migrated through the superior cerebellar peduncle and changed to medulloblastoma.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical efficacy in pediatrics sinusitis infections of cefditoren pivoxil granule therapy and its in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains].

We investigated the clinical efficacy in pediatrics sinusitis infections of cefditoren pivoxil granule therapy and its in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains. The results are summarized as follows. The specimens from 343 patients were cultured and 595 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified. Oral doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg of CDTR-PI were clinically effective at high percentages, 85.1% and 89.5%, respectively, of treated patients. CDTR-PI at 3 mg/kg orally was clinically effective in 80.8% of patients with PCG intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP) infections, 80.0% of those with PCG susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) infections, 81.8% of those with H. influenzae infections and 78.3% of those with M. (B.) catarrhalis infections among the infections by major causative agents. The frequent isolates included S. pneumoniae accounting for 33.1%, H. influenzae accounting for 32.1%, M. (B.) catarrhalis accounting for 17.6% and S. pyogenes accounting 3.7% of all the isolates. PISP accounted for 16.1% of all the isolates and for 49.8% of the isolates of S. pneumoniae, and were isolated from 28.6% of the 343 patients. The isolation of PISP was frequent from children of 4 and under especially, and especially frequent from those below age 2. Of the isolates of S. pneumoniae, the biotype frequencies among PSSP were in the order of type I > type II > type III, while those among PISP were in the order of type I < type II with none of type III. Bacteriologically, an eradication rate of 89.4% was achieved with 3 mg/kg and 93.5% with 5 mg/kg of CDTR-PI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with no symptoms of asthma until after bronchial lavage].

An asymptomatic 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray film. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed on the basis of five findings: eosinophilia, immediate skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen, the presence of precipitating antibodies against Aspergillus antigen, a high concentration of IgE in serum, and central bronchiectasis. He had no symptoms of asthma at the time of diagnosis, but did a few days after he underwent bronchial lavage. We speculate that the asthma attack was related to the bronchial Lavage as follows: First, drainage of mucus plugs by bronchial lavage may have exposed the bronchial epithelium, which had already been sensitized, to aspergillus antigens. Second, the scattered antigen may have dose-dependently stimulated the bronchi. Third, the infection may have increased bronchial responsiveness to the antigen. Symptoms of bronchial asthma are not necessary for the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1997

Increased risk of coronary artery bypass grafting for left ventricular dysfunction with dilated left ventricle.

UNLABELLED: The operative mortality and morbidity in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remain high. The low ejection fraction is the major risk factor for operative mortality. However, ejection fraction (EF) alone may not necessarily be an accurate predictor of operative mortality. We studied the correlation between indices of left ventricular volume and operative mortality. One thousand patients undergoing isolated coronary bypass operations were divided into three groups according to their preoperative ejection fraction. Fifty patients (group I) had severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF < or = 0.3), 56 patients (group II) had moderately left ventricular dysfunction (0.3 < EF < or = 0.4) and 894 patients (group III) had good left ventricular function (EF > 0.4). We analyzed the relationship between hospital mortality and left ventricular volume in 106 patients with an EF < or = 0.4. RESULTS: Cardiac index was not significantly different among the three groups. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure in groups I an II were higher than those in group III. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was 146 +/- 44 ml/m2 in Group I, 112 +/- 31 ml/m2 in Group II and 82 + 30 ml/m2 in Group III, respectively (Group I versus II, p < 0.05, Group I and II versus III, p < 0.01). The left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) was 111 +/- 38 ml/m2 in Group I, 72 +/- 21 ml/m2 in Group II and 30 +/- 14 ml/m2 in Group III, respectively (Group I versus II, p < 0.05, Group I and II versus III, p < 0.01). The LVEDV and LVESV were higher in Group I than in Group II and both in Groups I and II were higher than in Group III. The hospital mortality of any cause before discharge was 8.0% (4/50) in Group I, 3.6% (2/56) in Group II, and 2.0% (18/894) in Group III. The mortality in Group I was higher than that in Group III, but the mortality between Groups I and II was not different. We assessed correlations between large left ventricle with left ventricular dysfunction and operative mortality in 106 patients with ejection fractions of < or = 0.4. The hospital mortality in patients with both under fraction 0.4 and an LVESV > or = 140 ml/m2 was 50% (4/8). This rate was higher than in patients with an LVESV between 80 and 140 ml/m2 (1.8%, 1/55) (p = 0.0006) and an LVESV less than 80 ml/m2 (2.3%, 1/43), (p = 0.0013). The hospital mortality in patients with an LVEDV > or = 200 ml/m2 was 67% (4/6). It was also higher than that in patients with an LVEDV between 200 and 120 ml/m2 (1.7%, 1/58), (p = 0.0001), and an LVEDV less than 120 ml/m2 (2.4%, 1/42), (p = 0.0004). We conclude that patients with a low ejection fraction and an elevated LVESV or LVEDV are at increased risk for hospital death following CABG.

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1997

[Application of gene gun for local-regional cancer].

We studied the in vivo gene transfusion using a gene gun, formerly used in plants and culture cells. The hand-held type gene gun (Helios Gene Gun System) is simple and convenient for effective gene transfection in living animals. This method has some advantages in that there is no need for use of viral vector, independence on the cell cycle and local inducement of plural genes. There is a great possibility for application to local-regional cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Augmentation of natural killer cell activity induced by cytomegalovirus infection in mice treated with FK506.

Comparable rates of patient and graft survival after FK506 and cyclosporine treatments have been reported in the prevention of liver allograft rejection. On this basis, we examined the effect of FK506 on pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in mice. FK506 induced apparent immunosuppression in mice which could be monitored by the level of antibody production. The effective dose of trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) for 50% reduction in antibody production was 0.9 mg/kg. Even in such an immunosuppressed status at this or higher dose of FK506, CMV infection was relatively alleviated, which was observed by the frequency of virus isolation and the mean virus titer of the lungs of mice treated with 0.1-1 mg/kg FK506 in comparison to untreated mice. The dose of FK506 attaining 50% frequency of lung infection was 1.5 mg/kg. The activity of natural killer (NK) cells was enhanced in infected mice. This enhancement was stronger in infected mice treated with FK506 at 0.32 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg than in untreated infected mice on day 3 post infection (p.i.). Thus, an immunosuppressant FK506 augmented inducible NK cell activity and alleviated MCMV infection even under immunosuppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Apoptosis as a cell biological abnormality in myelodysplasia.

Evidence is accumulating to indicate that alterations in the control of apoptosis can contribute to a variety of disorders. Among the disorders associated with abnormal regulation of apoptosis, MDS stands out unequaled in that apoptosis is related, in apparently opposite directions, to ineffective hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation of MDS; notably, excessive apoptosis in the former and deranged apoptosis or escape from apoptotic control in the latter. In this review, we want to focus on the role of apoptosis in various stages of MDS, and to discuss its possible relevance to further therapeutic interventions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Candesartan prevents the progression of mesangioproliferative nephritis in rats.

We previously reported a new animal model of progressive glomerulonephritis induced by a single intravenous injection of the anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody MoAb 1-22-3 into uninephrectomized rats (Clin Exp Immunol 102: 181-185, 1995). We examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist (candesartan) on the clinical features and morphological lesions of this new model. By 10 weeks after induction of nephritis, untreated rats had developed hypertension, massive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and severe glomerular injury, while uninephrectomized control rats had not. There was a significant increase in levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and type I and type III collagens in untreated nephritic rats. Ten week treatments with candesartan and hydralazine significantly reduced blood pressure (BP) to an equal extent. Candesartan, but not hydralazine, prevented proteinuria, normalized renal function, and ameliorated glomerular injury. Candesartan also reduced levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and type I and type III collagens, while hydralazine did not. These findings suggest that candesartan prevents progression to end-stage renal failure by modulating the effects of Ang II at least in part on the production of TGF-beta and type I and type III collagens, and not merely on systemic BP.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

Candesartan prevents the progression of glomerulosclerosis in genetic hypertensive rats.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development of hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. However, there are no experimental findings clearly demonstrating activation of glomerular RAS in hypertensive nephropathy. Using the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) as an animal model of hypertensive glomerulosclerosis, we examined the relationship between the sequential changes in urinary albumin excretion (UAE), renal morphology, and glomerular mRNA expression for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and fibronectin (FN) and glomerular mRNA levels for RAS components, and determined the effects of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT-1) receptor antagonist (candesartan) and equihypotensive hydralazine on these parameters. In SHRSP, UAE was normal at nine weeks of age and increased by 12 weeks. Plasma renin activity, plasma Ang II concentration, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were not higher in 9- and 12-week-old SHRSP than in WKY. RNase protection assay revealed higher glomerular mRNA levels for angiotensinogen, ACE, and AT-1a and AT-1b receptors in 9-, 12-, and 14-week-old SHRSP than in WKY. The glomerular mRNA levels for TGF-beta and FN in SHRSP were increased from nine weeks of age. SHRSP had a greater glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) at 24 weeks of age than did WKY. Administration of candesartan for two weeks, but not of hydralazine, markedly reduced UAE and normalized mRNA levels for TGF-beta, FN, and RAS components. Candesartan administration for 12 weeks virtually prevented the progression of glomerulosclerosis in rats. We conclude that in SHRSP, RAS activation and increased sensitivity to Ang II in glomeruli play important roles in the progression of glomerulosclerosis.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1997

[A case of meningioma en plaque: review of 73 cases].

The patient was a 41-year-old female who became aware of a protuberance in the right frontoparietal vault 2 years ago. Three dimensional CT showed a hyperostosis involving the diploe of the skull, and the rough surface of the inner table. In the gadolinium--DTPA enhanced MR images, an entity with a flame-like appearance invading the swollen skull rose from thick homogenously-enhanced dura. The lesion was surgically resected in a circle, and removed with the adherent dura. Histologically, this lesion exhibited a lobular pattern of meningothelial cells, and roughly invaded into the Haversian canals of the skull through the dura. Postoperatively, there was no neurological or physical deficit. In this paper, we reviewed clinical and pathological features of 73 meningioma en plaque cases including the present case.

Adult↗