Biomedical subjects

Y Xie

Publications and source records attributed to Y Xie.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

The influence of mutation at Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 on the protein's stabilization and interaction between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5.

To characterize the roles played by Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 in the formation of the electrostatic complex between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5, the Glu44, Glu56, or both sites were changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The influence of these two residues on the protein stability was probed by investigating the kinetic behaviors of protein denaturation in urea or upon heating and the heme-transfer reactions between apo-myoglobin and the variants of cytochrome b5. It has been found that when the Glu44 and/or Glu56 are mutated to alanine, the protein stability increases slightly due to the fact that the hydrophilic residue is changed to a hydrophobic one, resulting in the two pairs of helices surrounding the heme taking a more compact conformation. The difference in voltammetric behavior of cytochrome c, cytochrome b5, and its three mutants, Cyt b5 E44A, E56A, and E44/56A, alone and in 1:1 protein complexes demonstrates that both Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 take part in the electrostatic interaction with cytochrome c. The entropy changes, DeltaS degreesrc and enthalpy changes, DeltaH degrees, derived from the temperature dependence of the formal reduction potentials of each protein in different protein systems suggest that, because of the mutual interaction with cytochrome c, cytochrome b5 mutants, especially the E44A-containing mutants, in the protein complexes suffer greater conformational changes upon reduction than that of the wild type. The variation of these thermodynamic parameters indicates that the strength of mutual interactions between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5 or its mutants has the following order: Cyt c/Cyt b5 > Cyt c/Cyt b5 E56A > Cyt c/Cyt b5 E44A > Cyt c/Cyt b5 E44/56A.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

The number of positive margins influences the outcome of women treated with breast preservation for early stage breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: There are conflicting reports regarding whether focally positive surgical margins influence tumor control in breast-conservation therapy. The authors have evaluated the relation between positive surgical margins on tumor control and whether the number of positive margins affects tumor control in patients undergoing reexcision lumpectomy. METHODS: From 1978 to 1994, 453 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I/II breast carcinoma patients were treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with breast conservation therapy. Patients underwent excisional biopsy and margin sampling with shaved biopsies of the tumor cavity. The entire breast received 45 grays (Gy) with a 20-Gy iridium-192 implant or an electron boost. Eighty-six patients had microscopically positive margins (19%), and the remainder had confirmed negative margins. The median follow-up time was 45 months. RESULTS: Local tumor control rates for patients with negative margins at 5 and 10 years were 94% and 87%, respectively, compared with 86% and 69%, respectively, for those patients with positive margins (P=0.005). The disease free survival rates for the negative margin group at 5 and 10 years were 91% and 82%, respectively, compared with 76% and 71%, respectively, for the positive margin group (P=0.001). Overall survival rates for patients with negative margins at 5 and 10 years were 95% and 84%, respectively, compared with 87% and 78%, respectively, for those with positive margins (P=0.047). When comparing the negative margin group with the one positive margin group, there was no significant difference in local tumor control (P=0.12). However, women with two or more positive margins had an inferior local tumor control compared with those women with negative margins (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with positive margins have a higher risk for local failure and worse survival when undergoing breast conservation therapy. Inferior local tumor control was noted in those patients with two or more positive margins.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Relationship between fluctuations in the cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation state and neuronal activity under resting conditions in man.

Simultaneous measurements by near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography were performed during 15-min resting periods in nine healthy adult brains. The peak frequencies of the frontal and occipital rhythms varied with the time course like the hemoglobin oxygenation state. Changes in the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal region by more than 50% of the maximum resting variation range were accompanied by changes in peak frequency at the electrode position between two optodes. The results suggest that spontaneous neuronal activity is responsible for fluctuations in the hemoglobin oxygenation state in the resting state.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Detection of hemophilia A carriers by PCR analysis of hind III polymorphism in the factor VIII gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a scheme of using PCR analysis in the detection of carriers of Hind III polymorphism of factor VIII gene of hemophilia A. METHODS: Implicating intron 19 of the factor VIII gene of 6 patients with the hemophilia A and 207 unrelated X-chromosomes were amplified by PCR and were analysed by means of Amp-RFLPs of Hind III. RESULTS: The incidence of the polymorphic Hind III sites in the given population was found to be 0.29. The frequence of the Hind III heterozygotes in women calculated according to Hardy-Weinberg equation was 0.41, which proved to be informative enough for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A. 2 out of 6 families (33%)examined in this study were informative. CONCLUSION: The new scheme proved to be effective for hemophilia A carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.

Deoxyribonuclease HindIII↗

PubMed1998

Cancer gene therapy by direct tumor injections of a nonviral T7 vector encoding a thymidine kinase gene.

Previously, we described a nonviral cytoplasmic gene therapy vector system based on the T7 autogene concept. This system has been shown to achieve rapid and high levels of gene expression in a variety of animal cells and tissues. To test the utility of the system in vivo tumor ablation, a T7 cancer gene therapy plasmid vector, pT7T7/T7TK, was constructed. This nonviral vector contains a T7 autogene, T7T7, and a human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene driven by a second T7 promoter (T7TK). When co-transfected with T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) into cultured human osteosarcoma 143B cells, abut 10-20% of the cells were found to express HSV-TK, and more than 90% of the cells were killed in the presence of 1 microM ganciclovir (GCV) within 4 days after DNA transfection. The increase in killing above the transfection frequency is due to a "bystander" effect among transfected and untransfected 143B cells. Direct injections of pT7T7/T7TK into 143B tumors grown in nude mice resulted in TK gene expression in tumor cells located near the injection sites as revealed by the immunohistochemical staining. Repeated tumor injections of the pT7T7/T7TK vector and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of GCV resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and in tumor shrinkage in 6 out of 10 treated nude mice. Three of those six tumors fully regressed shortly after the end of the GCV injections. All of the full tumor regressions were found to be permanent and no apparent tumor relapses were observed for the rest of the lives of the treated nude mice after the initial tumor ablations. These results, combined with the nonviral and rapid cytoplasmic gene expression features, suggest that the T7 vector may be a good candidate for cancer gene therapy and other medical and biological applications.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

PPARgamma induces the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4 in the absence of C/EBPalpha during the conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes.

To define the molecular mechanisms that control GLUT4 expression during adipogenesis, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts ectopically expressing different adipogenic transcription factors (C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, C/EBPalpha, and PPARgamma) under the control of a tetracycline-responsive inducible (C/EBPs) or a constitutive retroviral (PPARgamma) expression system were used. Enhanced production of C/EBPbeta (beta2 cell line), C/EBPbeta together with C/EBPdelta (beta/delta39 cell line), C/EBPalpha (alpha1 cell line), or PPARgamma (Pgamma2 cell line) in cells exposed to dexamethasone and the PPARgamma ligand ciglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) resulted in expression of GLUT4 mRNA as well as other members of the adipogenic gene program, including aP2 and adipsin. Focusing our studies on the beta/delta39 cells, we have demonstrated that C/EBPbeta along with C/EBPdelta in the presence of dexamethasone induces PPARgamma, adipsin, and aP2 mRNA production; however, GLUT4 mRNA is only expressed in cells exposed to ciglitazone. In addition, enhanced expression of a ligand-activated form of PPARgamma in the beta/delta39 fibroblasts stimulates synthesis of GLUT4 protein and gives rise to a population of adipocytic cells that take up glucose in direct response to insulin. C/EBPalpha is not expressed in the beta/delta39 cells under conditions that stimulate the adipogenic program. This observation suggests that PPARgamma alone or in combination with C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta is capable of activating GLUT4 gene expression.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1998

A common region of allelic loss on chromosome region 3p25.3-26.3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome arm 3p has been commonly observed in carcinomas of various tissues, including those of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To determine the frequency and extent of allelic loss in NPC, we investigated 16 loci on chromosome bands 3p21-26 in 24 tumor tissues by microsatellite analysis. LOH on 3p21-26 was found in 16 of 24 (66.7%) tumors. The highest frequency of allelic loss was found in two adjacent loci, D3S1620 (11/22, 50%) and D3S1560 (9/18, 50%). Eight cases showed LOH in one contiguous region and 5 cases in more than one region. Samples 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 22 had a contiguous stretch of allelic loss between D3S1297 and D3S1597. The smallest common LOH/deletion region seems likely to lie between D3S1297 (3p26.3-26.2) and D3S1560 (3p25.3). The allelic loss map defined here will facilitate finer mapping of putative tumor suppressor gene loci and positional cloning of such genes, which may play a role in carcinogenesis of NPC.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Recombinant human retinol-binding protein refolding, native disulfide formation, and characterization.

Human retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a monomeric 21-kDa protein that is currently the subject of numerous studies owing to its role in the cellular uptake and utilization of retinol. When the RBP gene is overexpressed in Escherichia coli, inclusion bodies of aggregated RBP are found in the cells. These inclusion bodies are solubilized in 5.0 M GdmCl containing 10 mM DTT. Refolding of RBP is carried out in the presence of vitamin A by diluting denatured and reduced RBP into a redox refolding buffer consisting of 3 mM cysteine/0.3 mM cystine at 4 degreesC. Ion exchange chromatography (HPLC) is utilized to purify refolded RBP to homogeneity as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and electrospray MS. The native structure of refolded RBP was established by its ability to bind to vitamin A and the plasma protein transthyretin. The reconstitution of RBP outlined within affords a 50-60% overall yield, i.e., 73 mg of pure RBP/L of E. coli culture.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗

PubMed1998

Expression of recombinant hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5B in Escherichia coli.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major public health problem that can produce liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected patients. Our goal was to express the HCV non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) protein of HCV genotype 1a in Escherichia coli and initiate studies of its role in HCV genomic replication. In this report we demonstrate that a recombinant NS5B protein with an amino terminal sequence of ASMSYSWTG has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) activity. This recombinant enzyme was active in poly(U) polymerase assays and produced template-sized RNA products when globin mRNA was used as a template. The polymerase activity of recombinant NS5B was primer-dependent and was active for at least 60 min of incubation at 30 degrees C. Deletion of the carboxyl terminal region of HCV NS5B resulted in a loss of RDRP activity indicating that the enzymatic activity observed was due to the full-length recombinant enzyme. Recombinant NS5B (RDRP) should assist in understanding the mechanism of HCV replication and the identification of specific enzyme inhibitors.

Escherichia coli↗

PubMed1998

Application of microcalorimetry for recording basal metabolic and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in LLC-PK1 cells, a model for the renal tubular epithelial cell.

In the present study we have employed a microcalorimetric procedure to measure the heat generated by a porcine renal tubule cell line (LLC-PK1) and its Na+, K+-ATPase. Microplates with an area of 2.2 cm2 were found to be optimal in terms of producing sufficient heat and a steady-state power curve. We compared the rate of heat production by cells in suspension and on monolayers and found a much lower value in suspension, that is, 1.42+/-0.2 versus 2.54+/-0.19 microW/microg DNA. Ouabain, the specific Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor, caused a reduction in this heat output. The maximal inhibition in cell suspensions was 40% and remained unchanged with as much as 100 microM ouabain, the highest concentration tested. With cells cultured on microplates, ouabain in the concentration interval 0.1-3 microM caused a 25% inhibition of heat output. With 25-100 microM ouabain, a 50% inhibition was observed and at higher concentrations, no further inhibition occurred. Furthermore, upon removal of ouabain, full recovery of the Na+, K+-ATPase was observed, a process that could easily be monitored by using cell monolayers cultured on microplates.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Atypical and malignant meningiomas: an outcome report of seventeen cases.

Limited data are available concerning the outcome of patients with atypical and malignant meningiomas. We therefore analyzed the outcome of seventeen patients with meningiomas (9 atypical; 8 malignant) at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 1973 and 1996. Strict adherence to the 1993 WHO criteria for the typing of CNS tumors was maintained. The median potential follow-up period for all patients was 87 months. The age at diagnosis ranged from 22 to 72 (mean 51.8 years). There were 5 males and 12 females. The mean tumor diameter was 4.45 cm. Of the 16 cases where the extent of surgical resection was known, 4 were partial and 12 were complete resections. Six patients (35%) had dural or cortical invasion by tumor. Fifteen patients received postoperative megavoltage photon irradiation (mean 61 Gy). One of these fifteen pts. received an additional 20 Gy with Au-198 implantation and 1 received post-radiation chemotherapy for recurrent disease. The overall survival rate for all patients at 5 and 10 years were 87% and 58% respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates for atypical meningiomas were 87% and 58%; for malignant meningiomas the survival rates were 60% and 60% respectively. Five patients (30%) have died. Three of these 5 patients initially received less than 54 Gy to the tumor bed and have died of recurrent disease. Local disease progression was documented in 11 patients (65%) after surgery and in 3 patients (18%) after radiation. There was an improvement in performance status in 3 (18%) patients with a decline and no change seen in 1 (6%) and 13 (77%) respectively after receiving radiation. There appeared to be no difference in survival in patients as a function of dural or cortical invasion. Long term survival is possible for patients with atypical and malignant meningiomas treated with surgery and post-operative radiation. We are unable to distinguish a difference in outcome between these two pathological entities. Dural and cortical invasion were not associated with a decrease in survival. In addition, improved tumor control and survival may be associated with increased radiation dose.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Clinical performance of the AMDL DR-70 immunoassay kit for cancer detection.

A clinical study using DR-70 immunoassay for the detection of 13 different cancers have been conducted with 277 healthy subjects and 136 cancer patients. The test results showed that the DR-70 immunoassay kit was capable of detecting cancers with high degree of specificity and sensitivity. At 95% specificity level, the sensitivity of the assay was 87.8%, 92.6%, 65.2% and 66.7%, respectively for lung, stomach, breast and rectum cancers. Furthermore the test kits were shown to be stable and performed reproducibly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody raised against human hepatocellular carcinoma.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) targeting human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been produced by immunizing BALC/c mice with HCC SMMC-7721 cells. Solid phase enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed that this mAb (mAb 95) was reactive with human HCC cell lines and tumor biopsies, but not tumors of other origin or normal tissues tested. Immuno-gold labeling and flow cytometry indicated that mAb 95 bound specifically to HCC cell membrane protein. Western blot analysis showed mAb 95 reacts only with HCC cell lysates, but not with 10 different human normal tissue lysates. The approximate molecular size of the reactive proteins were 40,000 and 60,000 daltons. The specificity of mAb 95 indicates it may be a potential candidate for a targeting agent in HCC immunotherapy or immunodetection.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Rat prostaglandin D2 synthetase: its tissue distribution, changes during maturation, and regulation in the testis and epididymis.

The changes in glutathione-independent prostaglandin D2 synthetase (PGD-S) during maturation in the rat were determined in selected organs by an RIA using PGD-S purified from rat cerebrospinal fluid and a monospecific anti-rat PGD-S polyclonal antibody. In a survey of its tissue distribution in various organ extracts and biological fluids, it was found that the concentration of PGD-S was highest in the epididymis-about 6- and 80-fold greater than that in the brain and testis, respectively. During maturation, PGD-S concentration increased steadily in the testis and epididymis; this is in contrast to the pattern of changes in the brain and liver, which showed a general trend of decline. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting were used to demonstrate the presence of PGD-S mRNA transcript in the testis and in Sertoli and germ cells. In the epididymis, the steady-state PGD-S mRNA level was highest in the caput, followed by the cauda and corpus. Orchiectomy induced a drastic reduction of PGD-S concentration in all three epididymal compartments. Administration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) failed to restore the reduced epididymal PGD-S level except in the caput epididymis, where 4 days after DHT treatment the level of PGD-S was restored to about 50% of the pre-orchiectomized level; this suggests that the epididymal PGD-S level is not entirely regulated by androgen and that another yet to be identified testicular factor(s) is likely to be involved in its regulation. Germ cell-conditioned medium was also shown to stimulate PGD-S expression in the Sertoli cell. These results illustrate that PGD-S is an important molecule in testicular and epididymal function and that it is likely involved in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Regulation of apical membrane Na+/H+ exchangers NHE2 and NHE3 in intestinal epithelial cell line C2/bbe.

We examined the regulation of the Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) NHE2 and NHE3 by expressing them in human intestinal C2/bbe cells, which spontaneously differentiate and have little basal apical NHE activity. Unidirectional apical membrane 22Na+ influxes were measured in NHE2-transfected (C2N2) and NHE3-transfected (C2N3) cells under basal and stimulated conditions, and their activities were distinguished as the HOE-642-sensitive and -insensitive components of 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride-inhibitable flux. Both C2N2 and C2N3 cells exhibited increased apical membrane NHE activity under non-acid-loaded conditions compared with nontransfected control cells. NHE2 was inhibited by 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and thapsigargin, was stimulated by serum, and was unaffected by cGMP- and protein kinase C-dependent pathways. In contrast, NHE3 was inhibited by all regulatory pathways examined. Under acid-loaded conditions (which increase apical Na+ influx), NHE2 and NHE3 exhibited similar patterns of regulation, suggesting that the second messenger effects observed were not secondary to effects on cell pH. Thus, in contrast to their expression in nonepithelial cells, NHE2 and NHE3 expressed in an epithelial cell line behave similarly to endogenously expressed intestinal apical membrane NHEs. We conclude that physiological regulation and function of epithelium-specific NHEs are dependent on tissue-specific factors and/or conditional requirements.

Amiloride↗

PubMed1998

Language-activated cerebral blood oxygenation and hemodynamic changes of the left prefrontal cortex in poststroke aphasic patients: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In normal subjects, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is greatly increased by neuronal activity, whereas the cerebral metabolic rate for O2 is increased only slightly. However, it is not clear what kinds of cerebral blood oxygenation and hemodynamic changes can be induced by language activities in language-relevant areas of poststroke aphasics. In the present study, we investigated the difference in the changes of cerebral blood oxygenation and hemodynamics in the left prefrontal cortex induced by language activities between normal subjects, poststroke nonaphasic patients, and nonfluent aphasic patients using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS: Twenty-nine participants performed speech tasks, such as confrontational naming, to evaluate changes among poststroke nonfluent (Broca's) aphasia patients (10 cases; mean+/-SEM, 56.9+/-2.2 years), age-matched normal subjects (13 cases; 50.7+/-2.2 years) and poststroke nonaphasic patients (6 cases; 52.5+/-3.9 years). The optodes of NIRS were placed over the left prefrontal cortex. We analyzed the NIRS parameter (oxyhemoglobin [oxy-Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [deoxy-Hb], and total hemoglobin [total-Hb]) changes by qualitative pattern analysis of the parameter changes and quantitative analysis of the parameter values among the groups. RESULTS: The most common NIRS parameter change was an increase in oxy-Hb and total-Hb, with a slight decrease or no change in deoxy-Hb in the normal subjects (5 of 13 cases, 38.5%) and the nonaphasic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) patients (3 of 6 cases, 50.0%). In contrast, the most common pattern in the aphasic patients was an increase of deoxy-Hb, with an increase of oxy-Hb and total-Hb (5 of 10 cases, 50%). However, this pattern was observed in only 3 of 13 cases (23.1%) in the normal subjects and 1 of 6 cases (16.7%) in the nonaphasic CVD patients. The mean (+/-SEM) changes of deoxy-Hb of the aphasic patients, the normal subjects, and the nonaphasic CVD patients were 0.78+/-0.29, 0.06+/-0.16, and -0.18 +/- 0.22, respectively. The statistical analysis demonstrated a significant effect for deoxy-Hb (P<0.05), with the aphasic patients differing significantly from the normal subjects and the nonaphasic CVD patients, while the 2 nonaphasic groups did not differ from each other. CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrate a multiplicity of language-activated cerebral blood oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the left prefrontal cortex in the nonaphasic and aphasic groups. The increase of deoxy-Hb with increases of oxy-Hb and total-Hb in the aphasics during language tasks suggests that the left prefrontal cortex of the aphasics utilizes more oxygen than the nonaphasics during language tasks. Finally, functional MRI, which images the activation area in the brain by detecting the reduced concentration of deoxy-Hb during neuronal activation, should be performed on the patients with cerebral dysfunction, giving special consideration to the possible multiplicity of the rCBF and cerebral oxygen metabolism responses to functional tasks.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Studies on lead-binding protein and interaction between lead and selenium in the human erythrocytes.

To clarify the function of Pb-binding protein and the interaction between lead and selenium in human erythrocytes, the following experiments were performed. (a) blood from a man who has not been exposed to lead occupationally, (b) blood from lead-exposed workers and (c) blood from control subjects working in the same plant were used. (a) was incubated with Pb and/or Se. Hemolysates of rinsed erythrocytes were applied onto a Bio-gel A 1.5 m column and eluted by 40 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0). As the results, (1) Pb in erythrocytes was found in ALAD fraction. When Pb was added in vitro at 1.25 microM of final concentration, Pb content of ALAD fraction increased and the other Pb-containing fraction appeared at the position of a smaller molecular size than that of Hb fraction. When Pb dose added was increased to 2.5 or 10 microM, Pb contents in the newly appeared fraction was larger than that in ALAD fraction. The affinity of Pb with the protein in the new fraction was weak, and Pb was released from the protein by ultrafiltration. (2) There were main and sub-peaks containing Pb in erythrocytes from Pb-workers; the former was ALAD fraction and the others were smaller molecules than ALAD. The peak of Pb observed with the blood from a worker who has worked at the same plant for more than 20 years (chronic exposure) corresponded with the new peak which appeared in vitro Pb exposure. (3) As to the interaction between Pb and Se, there was no effect of Se added in vitro on the position of Pb-containing fraction and on Pb amounts in the chromatographic profile. When Se was incubated with blood, however, coexistence of Pb made Se concentration in erythrocytes high compared with the case of Se alone.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed1998

Establishment of a lymph node metastatic model of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma Hca-F cells in C3H/Hej mice.

To establish a transplantable lymph node metastatic animal model, mouse hepatocellular carcinoma Hca-F cells were implanted into C3H/Hej mice by subcutaneous inoculation. The characters of the metastasis were determined macroscopically and microscopically. During 17 generations, the percentages of metastasis of Hca-F cells remained between 80% and 100%. Hca-F cells metastasized only to the lymph node, and did not disseminate to other organs of C3H/Hej mice. The percentages of metastasis in inoculated mice and the average percentages of lymph node metastasis in each mouse increased in an almost proportional fashion with the number of implanted cells (r = 0.832, for the percentages of metastasis; r= 0.949, for the average percentages of lymph node metastasis) and time after the implantation (r= 0.933, for the percentages of metastasis; r = 0.959, for the average percentages of lymph node metastasis). This transplantable lymph node metastatic model of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma Hca-F cells in C3H/Hej mice provides a useful tool for the study of the mechanism of tumor lymph node metastasis and may provide a new insight into the development of tumor experimental therapy.

Animals↗