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Biomedical subjects

Y Weiss

Publications and source records attributed to Y Weiss.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Acute Hodgkin disease masquerading as splenic abscess.

A splenic abscess was erroneously diagnosed in a 65-year-old patient. The diagnosis was established on clinical, radiological and ultrasonographic data. At laparotomy the spleen was markedly enlarged by tumoral tissue and contained a large cystic lesion. The histological diagnosis was typical Hodgkin disease with lymphocytic depletion. Ultrasonography adds valuable information in the diagnosis of splenic lesions. Hodgkin disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions detected in the spleen by this method.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Asymptomatic rectal perforation with retroperitoneal emphysema.

A 57-year-old man administered an enema to himself, preparatory to intravenous pyelography. He left after the films were taken and could not be reached when retroperitoneal emphysema was detected, He was located 12 days later and found in good health. Abdominal x-ray films and rectosigmoidoscopy were normal. The patient refused further investigations. It is assumed that a small perforation occurred at the rectosigmoid junction during the self-administration of the enema. This assumption is borne out by the pattern of air distribution. The total absence of complaints and physical signs is unusual, although not unique; similar cases have been reported previously. The cause of such injury is mechanical, since the high pressures necessary to rupture the rectum are not usually attained in ordinary enemas. Caution is called for in intrarectal instrumentation, especially in older patients.

Emphysema↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical pharmacology of the antihypertensive action of guanfacine].

The clinical pharmacology of a central antihypertensive drug, guanfacine, was studied in sustained essential hypertension. The study of the haemodynamics, performed in 7 patients demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate (less than the one observed with clonidine): the peripheral resistances remained unchanged after 4 days treatment. A clinical trial was carried out in 20 patients with sustained essential hypertension. Guanfacine was given orally (2 to 4 mg/day) during 2 months; the results of this study confirmed the antihypertensive effect of the drug. The most frequent side effects were dryness of the mouth and sleepiness. Guanfacine kinetics were studied in patients after single and repeated oral doses. The plasma concentrations were fitted in a two compartments open model with first order absorption. Steady state plasma level during a long term treatment can be determined with the predicted values derived from simulation of the initial individual kinetic studies. For a 2 mg dosage the biological half-life was 22.8 +/- 3.6 h. Guanfacine kinetics were linear according to the dosage. In moderate permanent essential hypertension guanfacine can be easily prescribed in monotherapy at a posology of 2 to 4 mg/day.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of cardiac performance in the hypertensive patient. Effect of a beta-blocking agent: atenolol].

Cardiac output (isotopic dilution method) and systolic time intervals were studied in 11 sustained and 8 borderline essential hypertensive patients, before and after intravenous administration of atenolol, a potent beta-blocking agent. Atenolol decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) cardiac output and heart rate. In borderline hypertensives, the preejection periods were significantly reduced. Atenolol prolonged the preejection periods more significantly (p less than 0.01) in borderline than in permanent hypertensives. Non invasive hemodynamic technics enabled the cardiac performance to be evaluated in hypertensives and the contribution of neurogenic factors in borderline hypertension to be estimated.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1978

Long-term blood pressure changes in renal homotransplantation.

Long-term blood pressure changes were studied in 50 patients who had undergone renal homotransplantation. Excluded were those subjects with arterial stenosis of the transplanted kidney, acute or rapidly progressive rejection, or recurrent glomerulonephritis, as well as those retaining their own diseased kidney(s). The blood pressure after the end of the first year was stable and, therefore, was utilized as the reference blood pressure for this study. One year after transplantation, hypertension was observed in 20% of the patients. Mean blood pressure was positively correlated with age (P less than .01), body weight (P less than .001), and serum creatinine level (P less than .001), and negatively correlated with maintenance dose of prednisone (P less than .01). A higher incidence of hypertension was observed in cadaver kidney transplantation than in living related-donor transplantation. The study minimizes the role of glucocorticoids and emphasizes the role of renal factors in the mechanism of the long-term blood pressure changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The relation between anti-hypertensive action and plasmatic concentration of pindolol. Preliminary study].

A correlation study between the antihypertensive effect and the plasma level of pindolol was performed in 10 patients with permanent essential hypertension. Pindolol was given orally (20 mg/day) during 9 days. The highly significant fall in blood pressure (delta SBP and delta DBP) is directly correlated negatively correlated, to the pretreatment pressure (p less than 0.02 for deltaSBP and p less than 0.05 deltaDBP) and negatively correlated to the pindolol plasma level (P less than 0.001 for delta SBP and p less than 0.05 for delta DBP). Multiple regression analysis shows, for delta SBP, a stronger influence of plasma level than of basal blood pressure. These results suggest that pindolol could have a specific effect in some hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renovascular hypertension: the role of nonspecific factors in the antihypertensive effect of surgery.

Effective surgical treatment was carried out in 67 patients who were selected from a population of 336 subjects with renovascular hypertension. Split renal function studies and estimation of plasma renin activity in both renal veins were made to demonstrate the functional significance of the stenosis. The degree of disturbance of these tests did not correlate with the preoperative blood pressure level. The percentage decrease in postoperative blood pressure was directly related to the preoperative blood pressure (P less than 0.01). In 23 postoperative patients followed yearly for 5 years, the blood pressure increased progressively and was positively correlated with the duration of follow up (P less than 0.02). Patients with renovascular hypertension had a lower frequency of blood group 0 and a higher frequency of blood group A than did normotensive controls. The results of the study suggest that, in renovascular hypertension, the antihypertensive effect of surgical treatment is not exclusively related to the physiological consequence of the stenosis and that nonspecific factors, possibly of genetic origin, may determine the blood pressure response after surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins A and B in human blood.

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma prostaglandins A and B, expressed in equivalents of PGA1, is described. This method was used for the measurement of prostaglandins A and B (PGA/B) in 23 healthy volunteers and 25 hypertensive patients. The PGA/B concentration in peripheral venous plasma of 23 healthy normotensive subjects is 115 +/- 15 pg/ml. The repeated measurement of the same plasma samples kept frozen for 60 days at -20 degrees C shows mean 194% increase of PGA/B concentration. The major site of synthesis of PGA/B seems to be the kidney. However in two patients PGA/B concentration in arterial blood was greater than in venous blood suggesting the possibility of cardio-pulmonary synthesis. The major site of inactivation is the hepatic circulation, as PGA/B concentration in hepatal venous blood is by 30% lower than in vena caval blood. The arterial concentration is 3% lower than venous PGA/B demonstrating very low pulmonary inactivation. Therefore the prostaglandins of the A and B series may represent a "circulating hormone". The plasmatic PGA/B is significantly increased in reno-vascular and essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Labile arterial hypertension and sympathetic tonus. Hemodynamic study].

Cardiac output, cardiopulmonary (CPBV) and total (TBV) blood volumes, vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and dopamine B hydroxylase (DBH) were determined in 41 borderline hypertensives patients in comparison with 28 normal subjects. Cardiac output (P less than 0.001) and CPBV/TBV ratio (P less than 0.01) were significantly increased. The ratio was directly correlated to the pressor-response to norepinephrine (P less than 0.01) and the DBH level (P less than 0.005). The results suggest that sympathetic overactivity plays a dominant role in the cardiac output elevation of borderline hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Medically treated severe arterial hypertension. Long term course].

Antihypertensive therapy was performed in 47 patients having severe or malignant hypertension. The duration of the survey was two years. A highly significant decrease in blood pressure was observed. The decrease was not dependent on the type of antihypertensive treatment. Renal function was reduced at the beginning of the treatment. The renal insufficiency partly or totally diminished in course of time. Coronary insufficiency was noted in 5 patients. Coronarography showed thrombotic atherosclerosis in only one patient. A significant increase in lipids, cholesterol and triglycerids was nearly constant. The meaning of such facts is discussed.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1975

The release of renal prostaglandins during saline infusion in normal and hypertensive subjects.

1. Renal venous prostaglandin concentrations (PGA, PGE and PGF) were determined, together with renal plasma flow, urinary output and blood pressure changes, before and after infusion of sodium chloride solution (saline) in four normotensive and three hypertensive subjects. 2. No changes in blood pressure and in glomerular filtration rate were observed. 3. Saline infusion induced a significant increase in renal venous PGA and PGE, and also in total and non-cortical renal plasma flow and urinary output. There was an insignificant increase in renal venous PGF. 4. These findings show that prostaglandin release after saline infusion is associated with changes in renal blood flow and suggest that the natriuretic and diuretic effect of saline could be the result of prostaglandin release.

Adult↗