Response of adrenal steroids to angiotensin II in essential hypertension.
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Adrenal Cortex↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ueda
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ueda.
Relative sparing of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing primary sensory neurons following neonatal capsaicin treatment in the rat.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing sensory neurons projecting to viscera or skin were detected by immunocytochemistry combined with fluorescent tracer in the dorsal root ganglia (Th9-10) of rats 5-6 weeks old treated neonatally with capsaicin. The number of CGRP-like immunoreactive (IR) cells were reduced by 50-60% with capsaicin treatment. Visceral CGRP-IR sensory neurons were shown to be more sensitive than cutaneous ones, which was also supported by the fact that CGRP-IR fibers in the stomach were completely diminished while epidermal CGRP-IR fibers were spared.
Animals↗
Cell size and cell type analysis of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing cutaneous and splanchnic sensory neurons in the rat.
Cell size, cell type and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity were compared between cutaneous and splanchnic sensory neurons by means of a combination of fluorescent tracer and immunohistochemistry. Nineteen percent of cutaneous sensory neurons and 88% of splanchnic sensory neurons were shown to contain CGRP. The former cells were larger than the latter ones, which was also confirmed by the finding that about a half of the former cells contained 200 kDa subunit of neurofilament protein, while only 8% of the latter ones were positively stained. These findings suggest that most of the visceral CGRP-IR sensory neurons are small type B.
Animals↗
Orofacial pain increases mRNA level for galanin in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of the rat.
The changes of preprogalanin mRNA levels in the superficial dorsal horn neurons (laminae I and II) of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in response to orofacial pain induced by the injection of 5% formalin into the lips of rats was investigated and compared to those of preproenkephalin A mRNA and preprodynorphin mRNA in the same region by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry. Rapid and marked increases of preprogalanin and preprodynorphin mRNA were observed on the side of the injection, but the increase of preproenkephalin A mRNA level was less pronounced than that of the other two mRNAs, indicating that these peptides have different roles in the dorsal horn analgesic mechanism and that galanin, in addition to opioid peptides, may have a highly specific role in this mechanism.
Animals↗
Frequency of anesthetic cardiac arrest and death in the operating room at a single general hospital over a 30-year period.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the anesthetic cardiac arrest (CA) and death rates in the operating room (OR) and to determine whether anesthetic CA and death are preventable. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: OR suite of a general teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 85,708 patients undergoing surgery over a 30-year period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Anesthetic CAs and deaths were identified, their causes and preventability were determined on the day of occurrence, and they were recorded over the years 1962 to 1992. Four anesthetic CAs (0.5 arrest per 10,000 anesthetics) and 1 death (0.1 death per 10,000 anesthetics) occurred during the 30-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: The results of 30 years' experience do not support the hypothesis that all anesthetic CAs and deaths are preventable. However, careful clinical management can reduce their frequency to a level lower than those reported in the referenced literature.
Adolescent↗
Management of impaired vocal fold movement during sleep in a patient with Shy-Drager syndrome.
A 46-year-old woman with Shy-Drager syndrome is presented. She has impaired vocal fold abduction during sleep, but has no laryngeal dysfunction while she is awake. In order to reduce laryngeal obstruction during sleep, she initially underwent laterofixation of 1 vocal fold (Ejnell's method) with little lasting success because of accidental slipping of the ligature. Later, she successively underwent arytenoidectomy with the use of CO2 laser. Her noctural breathing improved markedly after arytenoidectomy.
Airway Obstruction↗
Moxalactam--absorption, excretion, distribution, and metabolism.
Levels of moxalactam in serum of healthy volunteers after single intramuscular injection, slow bolus intravenous injection, or intravenous infusion were proportional to the dose given. After intravenous bolus injection of 1 g of moxalactam, the peak serum level was 201.0 micrograms/ml, the half-life (beta-phase) was 126 min, and the cumulative urinary excretion during a 10-hr period was 90.5% of the dose. The values for cefazolin in the same volunteers were similar to those for moxalactam. No accumulation of the drug in serum was found even after multiple intravenous injections of 1 g every 12 hr for five days. Probenecid administered orally did not significantly affect levels of moxalactam in serum or urinary recovery, an observation which suggests that renal excretion of moxalactam takes place mainly through glomerular filtration. The serum half-life (beta-phase) of moxalactam in subjects with a creatinine clearance rate of less than or equal to 10 ml/min was markedly prolonged. Concentrations of moxalactam in bile were higher than those of cefazolin in a crossover study. Concentrations in sputum were 1.84-2.11 micrograms/ml in individuals given 1 g by intravenous slow bolus injection. No active metabolite of moxalactam was detected in plasma or urine.
Adolescent↗
Postoperative pain relief and respiratory function in man: comparison between intermittent intravenous injections of eperidine and continuous lumbar epidural analgesia.
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Abdomen↗
Morphologic studies of hepatocytes entrapped in hollow fibers of a bioartificial liver.
A bioartificial liver cartridge was prepared by inoculating porcine hepatocytes into the inner space of hollow fibers of a hemodialyzer. The hepatocytes formed rod shaped cell aggregates during in vitro perfusion culture within 1 day. Morphologic examination was carried out on the aggregates by optical and electron microscopy. Each hepatocyte was in direct contact with adjacent cells and a bile canaliculus-like structure was occasionally seen between hepatocytes. High magnification observation showed that the canaliculus was separated from the remainder of the intercellular space by a tight junction. These facts suggest that the hepatocytes formed functionally associated cell aggregates with a compact morphology not unlike hepatocyte spheroids. These structures were well maintained for 7 days in culture, and then the amorphous area in the aggregates and the nonviable cell number increased with lengthening culture period. The bioartificial liver maintained the ability to metabolize lidocaine, ammonia, and galactose for 7 days and then deteriorated with time.
Ammonia↗
Undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma of the uterus: marked effect of chemotherapy with tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin.
Undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma of the uterus is rare, and is thought to show a poor prognosis. To date, there is no consensus as to the optimal chemotherapy for this carcinoma. We report a rare case of this carcinoma in a patient who was treated surgically in combination with chemotherapy using a regimen designed by us. This chemotherapy consists of tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. This regimen is called TTJ [tetrahydropryanyl-adriamycin, taxan (paclitaxel), JM-8 (carboplatin)] chemotherapy and showed a marked effect. The patient was a 52-year-old woman with a giant tumor of the uterus measuring 28 x 18 x 13 cm and weighing 3386 g. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy, but residual carcinoma remained on the surface of the small intestine. Pathologically tumor tissues comprised the whole uterus except for the uterine cervix and there were tumor tissues in the omentum. She was treated with six courses of TTJ chemotherapy without major side-effects. Currently, she remains alive without metastasis 41 months after hysterectomy. This report describes a rare case of undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma of the uterus and introduces TTJ chemotherapy resulting in the remarkable effect on this carcinoma.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Effect of unilateral dentate nucleus lesions on amygdaloid kindling in rats.
Amygdala kindling is used to investigate cerebellar dentate nucleus participation in the neuronal plasticity of the cerebrum. We studied the behavioral change, the occurrence of epileptiform events, and the duration of afterdischarge during amygdaloid kindling under control conditions and after a dentate lesion of the contralateral cerebellum. Our results indicate that the dentate lesion induced the facilitation of the behavioral development of the amygdaloid kindling, whereas there was only a slight increase in the duration of afterdischarge and the spontaneous epileptiform potential of the amygdala. There was a discrepancy between the behavioral kindling and the electroencephalographic epileptic activity. Therefore the dentate lesion must play a role in controlling the generalization mechanism of epilepsy. We also found that on a right amygdala that had been influenced by a left dentate lesion there were few spikes, while on the left amygdala there were frequent spikes. These results suggest that the dentate nucleus plays an important role in amygdaloid kindling as well as in the neuronal plasticity of the amygdala.
Amygdala↗
Studies of the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in human renal cell carcinoma: a comparison of immunohistochemical method versus ligand binding assay.
We evaluated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by immunohistochemical staining of frozen tumor sections using a monoclonal antibody for EGFR and by a ligand binding method using radiolabeled epidermal growth factor. EGFR was detected in 16 of the 21 cases by ligand binding, while 11 of the 21 cases were detected by immunohistochemical staining. A significant correlation was observed between the two methods in detecting EGFR (p < 0.0001). EGFR was detected by the ligand binding method in all patients who died of RCC. Four cases that were graded as EGFR-negative on immunohistochemistry died of RCC. Observations suggest the ligand binding method was more sensitive than the immunohistochemical method in detecting EGFR and forecasting patient survival.
Adult↗
Cytologic features of ovarian granulosa cell tumor metastatic to the lung. A case report.
BACKGROUND: Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary is an uncommon but not rare tumor, and the adult type usually affects postmenopausal women. The adult type of GCT has several characteristic clinicopathologic features, including a composition of small, uniform cells with Call-Exner bodies and an ability to metastasize to extrapelvic organs, even several decades after the initial operation. CASE: A 62-year-old female was incidentally found to have multiple shadows in the peripheral portions of both lung fields on roentgenography. She had a past history of oophorectomy for an ovarian carcinoma more than 20 years earlier. A transbronchial lung biopsy series was nondiagnostic. An aspirate obtained by transthoracic fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy revealed clusters of rather uniform, small cells with nuclear grooves, suggestive of a metastatic lung tumor. Histologic examination of the lung tissue in comparison with the previous oophorectomy specimen confirmed the impression of GCT metastatic to the lung. CONCLUSION: A preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lung tumor was established by transthoracic FNA cytology. The important cytologic criteria for the differential diagnosis are uniformity of tumor cells, coffee bean-like nuclear grooves and Call-Exner bodies. The possibility of late recurrence of this kind of tumor, even two or three decades after surgical resection, should be kept in mind.
Female↗
Incidence of stroke in Shibata, Japan: 1976-1978.
A stroke registry was established in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan (population 75,000) in 1976. WHO recommendations for criteria were followed. This paper reports stroke incidence for the initial 3 years of the registry: 1976 through 1978. All living patients were examined clinically by a staff physician. Only patients with a diagnosis of first stroke were included in the study. Sensitivity of the referral system was estimated at 85 + %, comparable to that in American studies. Average annual incidence per 1,000 in resident greater than or equal to 20 years was 2.61 for all strokes (3.42 for males; 1.88 for females), 0.20 for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 0.61 for cerebral hemorrhage, 1.51 for cerebral infarction - rates similar to those reported 10-20 years previously for the United States. The male-female ratio, 2:1, reflected a high rate among males, low among females. Rats among Shibata males were higher than 1972 U.S. rates reported by the Epidemiologic Study Group; rates among Shibata females were lower than corresponding U.S. rates. Incidence of all strokes combined increased with age, the age relationship being strongest for cerebral infarction. No subarachnoid hemorrhage was observed in Shibata residents greater than or equal to 70 years of age.
Adult↗
Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community.
A ten-year follow-up study of stroke among residents 40 years and older in a rural community located on Shikoku Island, Japan, was completed in 1977. The response rate for the initial examinations was 85% of 920 males and 90% of 1,012 females. Seven hundred and seventy-two males and 901 females who were initially free of stroke were followed from July 1967 through June 1977. The incidence of all strokes was 10.47 per thousand person-years for males and 6.41 per thousand person-years for females. The statistically significant risk factors for stroke were age, male sex, elevated blood pressure, ECG abnormalities, and funduscopic abnormalities. Elevated blood pressure was the strongest risk factor and mean arterial pressure was the best predictive measure. Twice as high a proportion of strokes were subclassified as cerebral hemorrhage (26%) in this study as have been reported in comparable studies in the United States (12-15%). An inverse relationship between serum cholesterol levels and cerebral hemorrhage incidence, but not cerebral infarct, was observed. High alcohol intake was a risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage but not for cerebral infarct. No relationship between stroke and weight was observed despite the relationship of stroke to blood pressure and of weight to blood pressure.
Adult↗
Secular trends in mortality for cerebrovascular diseases in Japan, 1960 to 1979.
In Japan the age-adjusted death rate from cerebrovascular diseases has decreased for both males and females since 1965. This downward trend accelerated in 1971. This is not due to artifacts such as changes in diagnostic methods of stroke and in rules for coding cause of death on death certificates. The progress and spread of detection, treatment and control of hypertension appears to have been the greatest contributing factor. Furthermore, improvement in the dietary habits, that is, a decrease in salt intake and an appropriate increase in the amount of animal fat and protein taken are also considered to have contributed to the decline in stroke mortality. The regional difference in the standardized mortality ratio for stroke markedly observed in 1960 was still seen even in the 1970's, but the difference became smaller. Mechanization of farming works may be partly accountable for the decrease in the regional difference.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Glutamate in enteral nutrition: can glutamate replace glutamine in supplementation to enteral nutrition in burned rats?
BACKGROUND: Glutamine (GLN) plays many important roles for the enterocytes in health and disease, but no liquid enteral products contain GLN because of its instability. We hypothesized that glutamate (GLU) may replace GLN in supplementation to an enteral diet, and compared the metabolic effect of GLU and GLN on the gut to each other. METHODS: Rats suffering from a 30% burn received an enteral diet containing 30% GLU (m/w to total amino acids; GLU group), 30% GLN (GLN group), or a standard amino acid formula (CTR group). After a 64-hour feeding period, the small intestine and the portal and arterial blood were harvested to observe portal and arterial amino acid levels, and glutaminase activity and glutathione in the jejunal mucosa. In another study, 3H uptake into the mucosal protein was examined after a massive dose injection of 3H-phenylalanine. RESULTS: Alanine, a product of GLN or GLU catabolism, significantly increased in the portal blood of the GLU group compared with the GLN group. In the gut mucosa of the GLU group, 3H uptake into protein and total glutathione were higher than those of other two groups. GLN did not elevate the glutaminase activity. Arterial GLU levels increased in the GLU group, however remained within safety limits. CONCLUSIONS: Enterally delivered GLU may be a preferable fuel for the enterocytes and enhance the mucosal protein synthesis. GLU probably can substitute for GLN in supplementation to an enteral diet regarding many roles GLN plays in the intestinal mucosa under stress situations.
Amino Acids↗
Successful delivery in a case of essential athrombia.
A successful delivery in a 26-year-old Japanese woman with essential athrombia was reported. A diagnosis of essential athrombia was made by clinical and laboratory features including bleeding tendency, prolonged bleeding time, normal platelet count, normal clot retraction and impaired platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Since the presentation was a frank breech at the end of the 39th week of pregnancy, cesarean section delivery was performed under good hemostatic control with transfusion of 7.3 x 10(11) platelets. No hemorrhagic complication was observed during the puerperium.
Adult↗