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Biomedical subjects

Y Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Uchida.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Variable prognosis in congestive cardiomyopathy. Role of left ventricular function, alcoholism, and pulmonary thrombosis.

Prognosis of 36 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy was studied in relation to various clinical factors. Half life of the survival curve after overt heart failure was about 7 years. Although left ventricular function was a major determinant of clinical course in congestive cardiomyopathy in general, its relation to prognosis was variable according to the type of cardiac involvement. In peripartal cardiomyopathy and in a type of cardiomyopathy named subacute cardiomyopathy with pulmonary thrombosis in this paper, factor(s) other than left ventricular function, possibly including pulmonary thrombosis, may be operative as more important determinant of extremely poor prognosis in these subtypes. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was also unique in its favorable prognosis in association with reversible cardiomegaly following abstention from alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Assay methods for prekallikrein and kininogens and their applications.

Prekallikrein activity in plasma was assayed using a synthetic peptidyl fluorogenic substrate (carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine 4-methylcoumarinyl-7-amide), after activation of prekallikrein by acetone and kaolin. For total kininogen assay, the pretreatment of plasma at pH 2.0 was the best to eliminate bradykinin potentiators and kininase activity, before addition of trypsin to convert kininogen to bradykinin. Assay method of high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen was established by conversion of HMW-kininogen to bradykinin through activation of Hageman factor by glass powder and that of low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen was also by treatment of HMW-kininogen-depleted plasma in the same way as that for total kininogen. The marked reduction of prekallikrein and HMW-kininogen, not of LMW-kininogen, was found in pleural fluid of rat carrageenin pleurisy, and in plasma after i.v. injection of bromelain in rats. Members of the pedigree of hereditary angioneurotic edema patients also show low levels of prekallikrein and kininogens in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Enzymatic properties of neuraminidases from Arthrobacter ureafaciens.

Neuraminidase I and neuraminidase II from Arthrobacter ureafaciens were characterized. As determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44, the molecular weights of neuraminidases I and II were 51,000 and 39,000, respectively. Neuraminidases I and II were similar to each other in their enzymatic properties except for the substrate specificities towards gangliosides and erythrocyte stroma. Their optimal pHs were between 5.0 and 5.5 with N-acetylneuraminosyl-lactose or bovine submaxillary mucin as substrates, but with colominic acid as a substrate, the pH optimum was between 4.3 and 4.5. They were most active around 53 degrees C, were stable between pH 6.0 and 9.0, and were thermostable up to 50 degrees C. They did not require Ca2+ for activity and were not inhibited by EDTA. They were inhibited only slightly or not at all by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid of Hg2+. Both neuraminidases I and II were able to hydrolyze the alpha-ketosidic linkage of N-glycolylneuraminic acid as well as that of N-acetylneuraminic acid, and were able to liberate substantially all of the sialic acid from various kinds of substrates. However, they cleaved only about 50% of the sialic acid from bovine submaxillary mucin. The saponification of bovine submaxillary mucin by mild alkali treatment, on the other hand, resulted in an increased susceptibility to the neuraminidases and brought about the complete liberation of sialic acid. Remarkable differences were observed between neuraminidases I and II as regards substrate specificities on gangliosides; the initial rate of hydrolysis by neuraminidase I was 74 times, and its maximum velocity constant was 91 times those of neuraminidase II. The addition of sodium cholate markedly stimulated the enzymatic hydrolysis of gangliosides, and increased the maximum velocity constant of neuraminidase I twofold and that of neuraminidase II 143-fold. Although neuraminidases I and II were able to hydrolyze (alpha,2-3), (alpha,2-6), and (alpha,2-8) linkages, the initial rate of hydrolysis of N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha,2-6-lactose was greater than that of the alpha,2-3-isomer.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed1979

Malignant neurofibroma with glandular differentiation (glandular schwannoma).

A case of malignant shwannoma is reported with unusual elements in an 89-year-old female. A large mass was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the right lateral chest wall and measured 5 cm in the greatest diameter. Histologically the tumor was composed of neurofibroma and malignant schwannoma with glandular differentiation. Neurofibroma characterized by numerous hyaline neural nodules was located in the peripheral portion of the tumor, whereas malignant schwannoma occupied a large part of the central portion of the tumor. The glandular elements observed in some areas of malignant schwannoma consisted of cuboidal and columnar shaped cells and were arranged in tubular or tubulo-medullary fashion in which rosettes or pseudorosettes were found. Mucicarminophilic material was observed, both in the cytoplasm and in the lumen. Seven reported cases of peripheral nerve tumor with glandular differentiation are reviewed briefly.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of prostaglandin I2 on cyclical reductions of coronary blood flow.

The effects of prostaglandin (PG) I2 and the agents which affect PG and thromboxane (TX) generating systems on cyclical reductions of blood flow in the partially constricted coronary artery of anesthetized dogs were examined. Cyclical reductions were eliminated by PG I2, but not by PG D2, and were augmented by 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid and tranylcypromine that inhibited synthesis of PG I2. The cyclical reductions were also eliminated by Cu-chlorophylline that inhibited synthesis of PG E2 and accelerated synthesis of TX A2, but were not by imidazole and 1-methyl imidazole that inhibited synthesis of TX A2. The results in this and in the previous studies indicate that not TX A2 but PG E2 participates as an inducer while PG I2 participates as an inhibitor in cyclical reductions of coronary blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Role of brown adipose tissue in the thermal response to chlorpromazine in rats during cold exposure (author's transl)].

Significance of the intercapsular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in the thermal response to chlorpromazine (CPZ) during acute and chronic cold exposure was studied in rats. Adult male Wistar-Imamichi rats were exposed to 4 degrees C for 1 (cold-exposed) or 30 days (cold-acclimated). Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg CPZ caused a more marked and lasted hypothermia in acute cold-exposed rats as compared with that seen in control or in cold-acclimatized rats. Hypothermia induced by CPZ was unaffected by removal of IBAT either in control or acute cold-exposed rats. But in cold-acclimated rats, the removal of IBAT potentiated the hypothermia by CPZ. The relative weight of IBAT in cold-acclimated rats was about 3 times heavier than that in control and acute cold-exposed rats. CPZ had no effect on the relative weight of IBAT in all groups examined. Total lipids in IBAT showed no significant changes following CPZ administration in rats of all groups. In acute cold-exposed rats, serum FFA level progressively decreased after CPZ injection. The noradrenaline concentration in IBAT increased after chronic cold exposure and CPZ suppressed this elevation. The results suggest that the thermogenesis related sympathetic activity in the IBAT plays a mediatory role in thermal response to CPZ during cold acclimation.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1979

Exocrine pancreatic function test by a synthetic peptide.

A new synthetic substance, N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, is specially cleaved by pancreatic chymotrypsin after oral administration and the released p-aminobenzoic acid (P.A.B.A.) is absorbed and excreted in the urine. The P.A.B.A. recovery in the urine was examined to evaluate its diagnostic value as an exocrine pancreatic function test. The data permit the following conclusions: 1. There is a significant correlation between this test and maximal bicarbonate concentration, amylase output and volume of P.Z./C.C.K. secretin test. 2. More than one-half to two-thirds proximal or one-third distal of the pancreas must be removed before one can expect an abnormal result in this test. 3. This is a simple and useful test to detect exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of more than moderate degree but normal results may be obtained in minimal to mild exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Only six of 11 cases (54.5%) with one abnormal factor of P-S test showed decreased P.A.B.A. recpvery, whereas 22 of 23 cases (95.7%) with two or three abnormal factors of P-S test showed decreased or borderline P.A.B.A. recovery.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Fujiwara trait: the first case of kininogen deficiency in Japan.

Asymptomatic identical twins were found to show the prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, which was corrected by addition of normal, Hageman factor deficient or Fletcher trait plasma but not corrected by Fitzgerald or Williams plasma. The prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time was also corrected by addition of highly purified bovine high molecular weight kininogen but not by low molecular weight kininogen. When total kininogen was measured as the amount of bradykinin released by trypsin on acid treated plasma, only trace amount was detected in Fujiwara and Williams plasmas, although Fitzgerald plasma showed approximately 50% of the total kininogen of normal plasma level. Acetone-kaolin activated amidase activity of plasma kallikrein was not generated by Fujiwara plasma. Substitution with normal plasma in various ratios showed plasma kallikrein activity proportionally to the normal plasma contents. Extrapolation with the values at 120 min after activation gave the prekallikrein content of Fujiwara plasma as 30% of the normal value.

Diseases in Twins↗