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Biomedical subjects

Y Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Uchida.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Angiographic studies on the effects of a novel calcium antagonist AE0047 on cerebral arteries in dogs, with special reference to the preventive effects of AE0047 on cerebral vasoconstriction induced by endothelin].

AE0047, a novel calcium antagonist, has mild and long-acting hypotensive effects. This drug also has more selective dilating action on cerebral arteries than on other systemic ones. We studied the cerebral vasodilatative effects of AE0047 by means of vertebral angiography in anesthetized dogs. Vertebral blood flow (VBF) was significantly increased by 91, 139 and 132% in 10, 30 and 60 min after intravenous administration of AE0047 at 30 micrograms/kg, respectively. No difference in vasodilating action was observed among basilar, posterior communicating, middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. In basilar artery, the dilatative rate was about 30% between 10 and 60 min after injection of AE0047. Following intravertebral administration of endothelin at 100 pmol/kg, small vessels of the cerebral artery were constricted, and VBF was gradually decreased. AE0047 eliminated the vasoconstriction and increased VBF. Moreover, the vasoconstrictive effect of endothelin was prevented by pre-treatment of AE0047. These results indicate that AE0047 has potent vasodilating and spasmolytic actions on cerebral arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical studies of the acne-like inflammatory model].

The acne-like inflammatory model was produced in the ears of male Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of 140 micrograms of heat killed Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Ear thickness was measured as an index of inflammatory strength, using a micro indicator once every day for the first week, then every other day until the 35th day. Animals were sacrificed and ears were excised for histological study. The tissue was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin to investigate the state of inflammation. At the same time, P. acnes was stained specifically by enzyme labelled antibody to study the localization of the injected bacteria body. When thickness of rat ears was measured, more than a doubling of control ear was observed with maximum swelling on the second day. The ear thickness decreased to 1.5 times control levels at 5th day, then remained with no change for 35 days. Histological study revealed remarkable inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils at the swelling site. Polynucleocyte was major infiltrated cells until 24 hours, and then mononucleocyte was principal after 24 hours. In the tissue excised at 6 hours after injection, a temporary characteristic infiltration of eosinophils was observed. When the tissue at 35th day was stained by enzyme labelled antibody, it revealed that the antigen of P. acnes existed among the cells at the site of infiltration and in mononucleocytes. This inflammatory model is considered to be a valuable experimental animal model for acne vulagaris with granulomatous inflammation.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of tardive akathisia with clonidine.

Two cases of tardive akathisia, which were misdiagnosed as anxiety originating from a schizophrenic disorder, had been treated with anxiolytics in addition to neuroleptics and anticholinergics. The diagnoses were changed to tardive akathisia, the anticholinergics were discontinued, and the patients were treated with clonidine successfully. In view of the similar effects of clonidine and anticholinergics, the pathophysiology of tardive akathisia must be very similar to that of tardive dyskinesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extensor tendon rupture associated with Smith's fracture. A case report.

A 14-year-old boy sustained closed rupture of the extensor digitorum communis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis proprius tendons following a volarly displaced Salter-Harris Type II fracture of the distal end of the radius. The condition was treated with tendon grafts, but some limitation of metacarpophalangeal flexion remained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Ulnar nerve palsy after supracondylar humerus fracture.

Six patients with cubitus varus deformity after a supracondylar fracture of the humerus had ulnar nerve palsy 7 (3-14) years following the fracture. All the patients showed anterior dislocation of the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion. In cubitus varus deformity, medial shifting of the triceps muscle occurs, which pushes the ulnar nerve anteriorly and frequently causes ulnar-nerve dislocation. Five of the 6 patients underwent surgery with subsequent improvement.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1990

Immunological studies on Crohn's disease. VIII. Diminished phagocytic activity in peripheral blood monocytes.

We have been examining superoxide production activity in patients with Crohn's disease and we noted an increase in this activity in peripheral whole blood and monocytes, determined by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. However, superoxide production and phagocytosis are different phenomena. To search for the "real" phagocytic capacity, we examined the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in 20 Japanese patients with Crohn's disease, using automated laser flow cytometry. In contrast to the results obtained with the chemiluminescence assay, we found a decrease in the "real" phagocytic function in monocytes, yet there was no difference in the phagocytic ability in neutrophils. The phagocytic activity in patients with an active form of the disease was lower than that in patients with inactive form of the disease. These results provide pertinent information on the role of monocytes in Crohn's disease. The depressed phagocytic activity in monocytes from these patients may play some role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of primary tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma performed curative surgical resection].

A 67-year-old woman who was diagnosed as a relative early primary tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma by preoperative examination underwent surgical resection. The histopathological extension of this carcinoma into the tracheal wall was much greater than was suggested before operation and 6 tracheal rings was curatively resected circumferentially. Median sternotomy and transection of the left brachiocephalic vein facilitated access to the trachea. To resect the extensive segment of the trachea, the right pulmonary ligament and hilum were mobilized. Additionally Dedo's laryngeal release was performed to lessen the tension at the anastomosis. Then the flap of the pleura and adipose tissue with the right internal mammary artery and vein was wrapped around the anastomosis for revascularization and protection of brachiocephalic artery. The postoperative course was not eventful. The postoperative dysphagia by Dedo's laryngeal release was mild and resolved within 7 days after operation. And the postoperative mammary arteriography showed the vessels around the anastomosis. This wrapping procedure is easy and does not need a laparotomy. So we think it is beneficial for prevention against postoperative complications of tracheoplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of image quality and lesion detectability on I-123 IMP brain SPECT].

Influence of image quality on lesion detectability in I-123 IMP brain SPECT was discussed in forty-two cases with various cerebrovascular disorders. Fifty nine lesions, which were considered to show decreased uptake of I-123 IMP, were analyzed in this study. In all cases, SPECT examinations were started within 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 3 mCi of I-123 IMP. To determine the lesion detectability, fourteen radiologists from nine hospitals were gathered and film reading was carried out. To classify the image quality into valuable or not, findings of five points on SPECT image were visually evaluated; 1) uniformity of cortex accumulation, 2) separation of bilateral visual cortices, 3) density of white matter, 4) separation between basal ganglion and thalamus, 5) density of basal ganglion and thalamus. Mean lesion detections were 10.3/14 for the lesions of cerebral cortex, 9 for cerebellum, 3.58 for white matter and 3.22 for basal ganglion and thalamus, respectively. The detectability was certainly influenced by the image quality in the lesion of basal ganglion and thalamus, white matter and single lobe of cerebral cortex. We concluded that detection of small lesions and deep lesions with I-123 IMP SPECT was dependent on the image quality and the proposed classification of I-123 IMP SPECT image was useful for evaluating image quality from the points of view of the lesion detectability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Neuronal death and neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease].

Progressive neuronal death in cerebral cortex and subcortical regions may lead to dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neuronal death is accompanied by accumulation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and curly fibers. Recent immunocytochemical studies have suggested that abnormal sprouting responses, occurring in AD brain, may be involved in the formation of these lesions. The hypothesis concerning the lack of neurotrophic factors cannot explain abnormal sprouting responses in AD brain. We have investigated the mechanism of abnormal sprouting responses in AD brain, using primary culture of rat cerebral cortical neurons. In AD brain, loss of growth-inhibitory factors led to an apparently higher level of neurotrophic activity. One of the growth-inhibitory factors in normal aged brain was a 5 kDa heat-stable acidic protein. These results suggest that loss of inhibitory factors may induce abnormal sprouting responses in AD brain. In consequence, neurons might be exhausted and die.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of surgically treated newborn with congenital tracheal stenosis].

This is a case report of a newborn with congenital tracheal stenosis which was fortunately healed by surgery. A 2,650 g female infant was born at 39 wk gestation. She began having respiratory difficulty soon after birth. Prompt endotracheal intubation was attempted, but failed. She was transferred to our hospital under assisted ventilation. Chest roentgenogram and bronchoscopy demonstrated segmental narrowing of the trachea about 2 cm distal from the vocal cord. A surgical operation was performed because respiratory management would not be enough to save the infant. Through a transverse collar incision and an upper median sternotomy, a stenotic 7 mm length of the trachea was resected and anastomosed with 5-0 Dexon suture. Postoperative course was uneventful. Histologically, the stenotic segment consisted of hypoplasia of the tracheal cartilage and fibrosis of the membranous portion. Squamous metaplasia was also recognized. There was no other report of tracheal stenosis successfully operated during the period of newborn.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[A case of subacute cerebral infarction demonstrating hyperemia and crossed cerebellar diaschisis in I-123 IMP SPECT].

SPECT with N-isopropyl-p-[I-123]iodoamphetamine were performed in a 81-year-old man with cerebral infarction. In the subacute phase, the radioactivity was increased in the infarct area where fogging effect and remarkable contrast enhancement was demonstrated in X-ray CT. The contralateral cerebellar hemisphere showed reduced activity due to crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). In the chronic phase, the decrement of the activity in the infarct was observed. Increased activity in the subacute phase was thought to reflect the hyperemia in the infarct, while CCD suggested the decreased metabolic activity in the lesion. The coexistence of the hyperemia and the CCD indicates flow and metabolic uncoupling, which means "luxury perfusion". This case was also thought to demonstrate atypical findings of CCD in SPECT imaging.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A case of pulmonary embolism diagnosed by 111In labeled platelet scintigraphy].

Although the role of 111In platelet scintigraphy is established in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, its indication in pulmonary embolism remains uncertain. We performed platelet scintigraphy in a patient with recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism, which revealed abnormal accumulation in the left hilar region. Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy performed at the same time did not show perfusion defect. However, pulmonary angiography and thromboembolectomy demonstrated recurrent embolus in the hilus. This suggested that platelet aggregation in the left hilus shown by platelet scintigraphy was indeed related with recurrence of pulmonary embolism, and platelet scintigraphy is useful in detecting new development of thrombus in patient with recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

[An autopsy case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)].

An autopsy case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) combined with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was reported. Although HAM and ATL are reported to be caused by an identical virus, a combination of these two conditions is extremely rare. This is the first report of an autopsy of the case. A 42-year-old female born in Kumamoto noticed gait disturbance at age 20. Dysesthesia in her lower limbs and bladder bowel disturbance (BBD) gradually appeared at age 29 and at age 39, respectively, and slowly progressed. Neurological examination revealed spastic paraparesis, sensory disturbance in her lower limbs in all modalities and BBD. Furthermore, titers of the anti HTLV-I antibody were increased both in serum and CSF. She was diagnosed as HAM at this stage. She responded to the oral administration of prednisolone. Ten months after the initiation of prednisolone therapy, a tumor shadow appeared in the right lung and characteristic ATL cells were found in the pleural effusion. She died with respiratory failure. ATL cells were not found either in the peripheral blood or CSF throughout the course of her illness. Autopsy revealed solid tumors in both lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, thyroid gland and para-aortic lymphnodes, composed of ATL cells with extensive necrosis. The spinal cord showed a marked loss of myelin and axons, and perivascular fibrosis in the lateral and anterior columns. These changes were most severe at the 6th and 7th thoracic segments. No ATL cell was found in the spinal cord. Concerning the sensory system, the posterior root, ganglion and posterior column were preserved, whereas the axonal degeneration was found in the biopsied specimen of the sural nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Viral diseases of the outer eye--rapid diagnosis by immunohistochemistry].

Rapid diagnosis of viral diseases of the outer eye was attempted by means of immunohistochemical methods. Specimens were obtained with a nitrocellulose membrane, used as a blotter of immunoblotting test. An impression of the corneal or conjunctival surface was obtained by anesthetizing the eye and lightly pressing the membrane against the tissues. In some cases, scraping materials were taken on a slide glass. Viral antigens in the specimens were detected by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, ABC system (Vectastain), or immunofluorescence. Four common diseases were studied. Dendritic corneal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) were impressed on the membrane, and exhibited exact duplicates of lesions which were composed of PAP-positive epithelial cells. Under a high magnification, pathologic changes such as margination of chromatin, intranuclear inclusion bodies, and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Of 27 cases of epithelial herpetic keratitis, 25 showed positive results. The impression can permit examination of a minute lesion, therefore, is superior to scraping. Dendritic lesions caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have a characteristic morphology different from those of HSV. Impressions showed the virus antigen, when treated with fluorescein-labeled anti-VZV monoclonal antibody. Appearance of such a dendrite in disorders of unknown cause indicates the etiology. Conjunctival impressions of adenovirus (Adv) conjunctivitis examined by the PAP method revealed Adv-antigen containing cells. Of 64 cases analyzed, 24 PAP-positive cases were compared with the 35 culture-proven cases. The sensitivity of PAP method was 69%, and the specificity was 97%. The detection rate varied according to serotype, and was especially low (33%) in type 3. Guinea pig antisera with high titers against enterovirus type 70 (EV70) and a variant of coxsackievirus A type 24 (CA24v), the causative viruses of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), were obtained. Using these sera as the primary antibody, the antigen of each virus was localized in the cytoplasm of infected HeLa cells by either ABC, or immunofluorescence. Conjunctival cells from patients with EV70 AHC were antigen-positive for 3 days after the onset of disease. Though epidemics of CA24v AHC have only been experienced in Okinawa, sporadic cases have been observed in other districts of Japan.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of pontine visualization with single photon emission computed tomography using N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)iodoamphetamine in normal and pathological cases].

Pontine visualization with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using N-isopropyl-p-[I-123]iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) was evaluated in 99 cases including 46 cases of brain infarction, 25 of other cerebrovascular disorders and 28 of brain tumor and in 19 normal subjects. In each case, SPECT using a rotating gamma camera was started at 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 111 MBq of I-123 IMP. Transverse images were reconstructed parallel to the cantho-meatal line and displayed on films. Pontine visualization was visually classified into three grades: high radioactive accumulation confined to the pons with clear contour (Grade 3), faint accumulation with indistinct contour in the pontine region (Grade 1), the pontine accumulation was identified but its activity was less significant (Grade 2). The results showed that grade of the pontine accumulation was lower in pathological cases compared to normal subjects. Six cases with brain stem lesion demonstrated pontine accumulation of grade 1 in 4 case and of grade 2 in 2 cases. Lower grade was also revealed in 29 cases with crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). No significant correlation was observed between classified grade of pontine accumulation and maximum counts of reconstructed images. We concluded that SPECT could detect brain stem lesions and that lower accumulation in pons with CCD positive cases was thought to partially reflect the reduced blood flow and metabolism in the pontine nuclei.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A case of blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome with CAPD].

The first case of blue-rubber-bleb nevus syndrome treated with CAPD in Japan was presented. As operation for A-V fistula construction could not be performed due to the skin lesions, she was obliged to have CAPD treatment. She has been visiting our hospital for regular check-ups.

Female↗