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Biomedical subjects

Y Toyoda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Toyoda.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Multiple forms of mutarotases from the kidney, liver, and small intestine of rats: purification, properties, subcellular localization and developmental changes.

Comparative studies of mutarotase [aldose 1-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.3] from the kidney, liver and small intestine of rats were performed placing in the focus on the study of multiple forms. The findings obtained are as follows. Mutarotases from the kidney and liver of adult rats were both separated into four forms (types I-IV) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, whereas only two forms (types I and II) were detected in the small intestine. Liver mutarotase type I was further separated into types I1 and I2 by column chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Types I and II from the kidney and type II from the liver were purified to homogeneity as judged by isoelectric focusing on thin layer polyacrylamide gel. Of various physicochemical properties, only the Km for alpha-D-xylose and the isoelectric point were different among the multiple forms. Liver mutarotase was immunohistochemically localized in the nuclei of parenchymal cells and small intestine enzyme in the nuclei of mucosal cells, indicating similarity with the localization of kidney enzyme (in the nuclei of epithelial cells of renal tubules and glomeruli) which was reported in our previous paper [Experientia (1979) 35, 1094-1097]. The kidney mutarotase level increased gradually after birth and reached a maximum near adult level within 20 days. This developmental pattern was essentially the same as that in the liver but clearly different from that in the small intestine, in which the mutarotase activity of suckling rats was several times higher than that of adult rats. Distribution patterns of multiple forms (types I-IV) of the enzyme in the kidney and liver of 10-day-old rats were similar to those in respective tissues of adult rats. On the other hand, the small intestine of 10-day-old rats contained four forms (types I-IV), whereas there were only two forms (types I and II) in adult rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Purification and characterization of multiple forms of mutarotase from hog kidney cortex.

The enzyme mutarotase [aldose 1-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.3] from hog kidney cortex was separated into four fractions (designated types I, II, III, and IV in order of elution) by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Two major forms, types I and II, were purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on thin layer polyacrylamide gel. Types I, II, III, and IV had isoelectric points of 5.78, 5.48, 5.23, and 5.10, respectively. The following physicochemical properties were common to all four types: molecular weight, 41,000; Km for alpha-D-glucose at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C, 19 mM; optimum pH, 6.5-7.5; optimum temperature, 30-37 degrees C; heat stability, up to 50 degrees C. On double immunodiffusion, the four types of mutarotase gave single precipitin lines, which fused completely with each other, against the antibody to purified type II enzyme. Types I and II had an identical amino-terminal residue, arginine, and an identical carboxyl-terminal sequence, -(Phe-Phe-Ser-Val)-Val-Ala. The amino acid composition of type I was almost identical with that of type II. Very similar tryptic peptide maps were obtained from types I and II, with only a few points of variance. These results suggest that the four types of hog kidney mutarotase are quite similar but not identical.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Selective bronchial suctioning in the adult using a curve-tipped catheter with a guide mark.

Our results of previous and successive studies indicate that torque control of curve-tipped catheters is easily accomplished by placing a guide mark on the catheter. Thus, a guide mark was made on a curve-tipped 14 FG Portex suction catheter using a felt pen. The efficacy of selective bronchial suctioning using this catheter was studied in 50 patients. Directed suctioning of the left and right bronchial passages was performed in each patient 3 times and once, respectively, with the head in the midline position. The success rate of left bronchial suctioning was 92% (138/150 attempts) and success in right bronchial suctioning 98% (49/50 attempts). The curve-tipped catheter with a guide mark significantly improved the success rate of left bronchial entry over the previous rate from 50% to 92%.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical study on ceftezole in oral surgery. Clinical effect of ceftezole used jointly with gamma-globulin (Gamma-Venin) (author's transl)].

Ceftezole, an antibiotic of cephalosporin C derivative was applied to treatment in 39 patients with odontogenic inflammation or postoperative infections. The drug was administered intravenously (1-5 g/day) for the period of 5-10 days. Twenty of them were administered jointly with gamma-globulin (Gamma-Venin). Therefore, we compared clinically between the group of ceftezole with Gamma-Venin and the other group without it. But no difference was noticed statistically between these groups. No side effect was observed with throughout all the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Occurrence of non-ototoxic antibiotic (cephazolin) in the inner ear.

Cephazolin, a non-ototoxic antibiotic, and kanamycin, an ototoxic antibiotic, were administered to the guinea pig systemically and their tissue concentration was measured. Not only kanamycin but also cephazolin did occur in the inner ear as well as in the kidney and other tissues. Therefore, it is most likely that the accumulation of an antibiotic inside the inner ear forms only a sine qua non for its ototoxicity. The mechanism of the ototoxicity should exist in the antibiotic-vulnerable cells (hair cells) themselves.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of selective bronchial suctioning in the adult.

In the present study, the highest success rate in suctioning of the left main bronchus was achieved when curved-tip catheters of both Portex (40%) (Portex Limited, Hythe, Kent, England) and Rüsch (50%) (Willy Rüsch Gmph & Co. KG, West-Germany) were inserted with the patient's head in the midline position. The second most successful rate in reaching the left main stem bronchus occurred when the head was turned to the right using straight catheters of both Portex (31%) and Rüsch (29%). The third but lesser success rate in suctioning the left main stem bronchus was achieved with the head turned to the right, using curved-tip catheters of both Portex (25%) and Rüsch (23%). the lowest success rate in suctioning the left main stem bronchus was with the head in the midline position using straight catheters of both Portex (19%) and Rüsch (15%). The possible factors which influence success or failure to introducing suction catheters into the bronchi selectively were discussed.

Bronchi↗