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Biomedical subjects

Y Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Taniguchi.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6R and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IgA nephropathy. An immunohistochemical study.

We clarified the presence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in renal biopsy specimens from 62 patients with IgA nephropathy, and discuss their relationship with mesangial cell proliferation, degree of histological damage and various clinical factors. Mesangial proliferation was determined histologically by PAS staining and the positive rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Renal biopsy specimens were stained using an enzyme-antibody method to determine the presence of cytokines and the receptor. PCNA-positive cells in the glomeruli significantly increased in patients positive for PDGF, IL-6, IL-6R and TNF-alpha. The degree of histological damage increased with the positive rates of PDGF, IL-6 or IL-6R and the number of PCNA-positive cells in the glomeruli. In the PDGF-A-positive patients, total urinary protein (TUP), urinary beta2-microglobulin (u-beta2-m) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) was significantly lower than in the PDGF-A-negative patients. In the PDGF-B-positive patients, TUP, serum creatinine (s-Cr) and urinary and serum beta2-m increased significantly and Ccr decreased significantly. Il-1beta was not related to any clinical factors. In the IL-6-positive patients, TUP was significantly higher than in the IL-6-negative patients. In the IL-6R-positive patients, TUP, s-Cr, urinary beta2-m and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher than in the IL-6R-negative patients. In conclusion, PDGF, IL-6 and IL-6R may be closely related to mesangial cell proliferation, histological changes and deterioration of various clinical factors in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Repressor-like factor that interacts with SV40 promoter/enhancer and expressed during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma F9 cells.

Transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) under the control of Simian virus 40 early enhancer/promoter complex (pAOcat) was stimulated initially by differentiation of F9 cells into primitive endoderm, but it was repressed by further differentiation into visceral endoderm. Deletion of the 72-base pairs of enhancer reduced cat expression, but the dependence on differentiation was still observed. Gel retardation assays using enhancer or promotor sequences revealed nuclear factors expressed in undifferentiated (stem) and visceral endoderm F9 cells. Co-transfection of pAOcat with an excess of promoter or enhancer sequence stimulated cat expression. Thus, repressor-like factors were suggested to be responsible for the differentiation-dependent control.

Carcinoma, Embryonal↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal perforation in temporal arteritis, associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Temporal arteritis (TA) is an adult-onset, focal granulomatous inflammatory disorder of the small and medium sized arteries. Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of TA. Regarding its etiology, steroid-induced or arteritis-induced ulceration have been proposed. We describe a patient who developed TA in addition to preceding paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. During steroid therapy for TA, intestinal perforation manifested, and it was proven to be arteritis induced perforation on histological examinations. The patient may be the 5th reported case of TA complicated with arteritis-induced intestinal perforation. The possibility of polyangitis overlap syndrome of TA and polyarteritis nodosa is discussed.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1996

Gastritis in the Japanese stomach.

Endoscopic studies of Japanese patients with gastritis have revealed the existence of an endoscopic atrophic border that marks the transition between non-atrophic gastritis and atrophic gastritis, and between fundic glands and pyloric glands. Marked changes in cell type, gastritis activity, atrophy and density of Helicobacter pylori infection occur across this border. Gastritis appears to extend from the antrum to the corpus more quickly in Japanese patients than in patients from other populations. Infection with H. pylori may be an important factor influencing the rate of progression of gastritis in Japanese patients.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of inflammation and atrophy in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative patients with chronic gastritis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the extent of inflammation and atrophy in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative patients with chronic gastritis. METHODS: Endoscopy with biopsies from the lesser curvatures of the antrum, angulus, middle body, and the greater curvature of the middle body of the stomach was performed in 59 patients with histologically confirmed chronic gastritis. The extent of atrophic gastritis was assessed endoscopically as well histologically. H. pylori status was assessed by histology as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histological severity of chronic and acute inflammation, glandular atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia was assessed according to the Sydney system. RESULTS: In H. pylori-positive patients, H. pylori was evenly distributed throughout the stomach when the extent of atrophic gastritis was limited to the antrum and the lesser curvature of the body, but disappeared from the antrum of patients with more extensive atrophic gastritis. The severity of acute and chronic inflammation at the greater curvature of the body increased with the extension of atrophic gastritis. In H. pylori-negative patients, the severity of chronic inflammation at the greater curvature of the body was significantly higher in patients with extensive atrophic gastritis than in those with a lesser extent of atrophic gastritis. CONCLUSION: At the greater curvature of the body, the development of atrophy is closely associated with the increase in the severity of inflammation, which is more marked in H. pylori-positive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Beneficial effect of amiloride, A Na(+)-H+ exchange blocker, in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy.

We investigated the effect of amiloride, a Na(+)-H+ exchange blocker, on ventricular hypertrophy in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mice with DCM were given orally amiloride for 60 days. The ratio of heart weight to body weight and left ventricular cavity dimension were significantly smaller in both amiloride groups than those in furosemide and control (untreated DCM) groups (p < 0.05). The fiber diameter was significantly smaller in amiloride groups than that in furosemide group (p < 0.01). Plasma and cardiac angiotensin II (AII) levels were decreased in amiloride-treated groups compared with those in furosemide or control group (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that amiloride prevents the development of myocardial hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation in DCM in association with a reduction of AII.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1996

[Long QT syndrome].

Romano-Ward syndrome, one of familial long QT syndromes, is an inherited disorder that causes sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias, specifically torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. By linkage analyses, three LQT loci were previously mapped: LQT1 on chromosome 11p15.5, LQT2 on 7q35-36, LQT3 on 3p21-24. It was recently brought to light that LQT2 and LQT3 were caused by mutations of the gene encoding cardiac ion channels. Mutations in HERG on chromosome 7q35-36, encoding potassium channels (Ikr), cause LQT2, and block of Ikr is a known mechanism for drug-induced prolongation of cardiac action potentials, which provides a mechanistic link between LQT2 and certain forms of acquired LQT. Mutations in SCN5A on chromosome 3p21, encoding the human heart voltage-gated sodium-channel alpha-subunit, cause LQT3. Mutant channels show a sustained inward sodium current during membrane depolarization, which explains prolongation of cardiac action potentials.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A method of evaluating drug efficacy by statistical analysis of healing speed of peptic ulcer.

At present, the evaluation of anti-ulcer drugs is generally accomplished simply by calculating the cumulative healing rate at a certain point of time during treatment, which does not implicate any analysis of the healing speed of the ulcer. If the cumulative healing rate of an ulcer is expressed as a function of drug administration time, t, then it will be possible to calculate parameters concerning the healing speed of ulcers and thus evaluate drug efficacy as the time series analysis of the cumulative healing rate. A new method of evaluating anti-ulcer drugs by a statistical analysis of healing speed is proposed. A non-linear regression analysis was performed between two variables, t (time of drug administration: week) and y (non-healing rate: %), to obtain the exponential function y = Ae-kt. The theoretical values calculated from the exponential equation were in close proximity to the observed values. With this analysis, four parameters concerning the healing speed were defined, namely the healing rate constant, the initiation time of healing, the half-life of non-healing rate and the time necessary for 50% healing. With this method, the efficacy of drugs on peptic ulcer healing was dynamically analysed, the non-healing rate (y) being expressed as an exponential function of length of time (t) of treatment, thus obtaining digital parameters for healing speed.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1996

Simple 13C-urea breath test with infra-red spectrophotometer.

When mass spectrophotometric analysis is used for the 13C-urea breath test to assess H. pylori infection, it is costly, complicated, and time-consuming. To overcome these disadvantages, we utilized an infra-red spectrophotometer as a substitute for the mass spectrophotometer. A total of 153 patients (181 tests) analyzed with peptic ulcers or non-ulcer dyspepsia were investigated. Breath samples were collected 15 min after ingestion of 13C-urea (100 mg in 30 ml water). An infra-red spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of 13CO2 in the expirate. The 13CO2/12CO2 ratio was also measured by mass spectrophotometry to compare results with those of infra-red spectrophotometric analysis. Direct detection of H. pylori was qualified in biopsy specimens. Of the 181 biopsies, 138 were positive for H. pylori infection and 43 were negative. With the urea breath test, the mean value in the positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (0.062 +/- 0.044 vs 0.011 +/- 0.014, respectively). The cut-off level, 0.01, was determined as delta 13C atom %. The sensitivity of infra-red spectrophotometry was 97.8% (135/138) and specificity was 74.4% (32/43). There was an extremely high coefficient of correlation (r = 0.996) between mass and infra-red photometric analysis. Infra-red spectrometry appears to have great potential not only for diagnosing H. pylori infection but also for assessing treatment results. Its advantages include technical simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high accuracy.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of clarithromycin in eradicating Helicobacter pylori.

We reviewed reports on the efficacy of clarithromycin in eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Reports on dual and 1-week triple therapy that included clarithromycin were analyzed to assess the eradication rates of H. pylori infection. Dual therapy with clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor achieved eradication rates of 38%-83%, and 1-week triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and other antibiotics achieved eradication rates, of 80%-96%. The incidence of side effects with all regimens was low. Clarithromycin is useful for treatment of H. pylori infection. One-week triple therapy that includes clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor effectively eradicates H. pylori.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic topical therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

We modified a novel topical therapeutic method for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection to increase its effectiveness and tolerability. Sixty-six patients (with nonulcer dyspepsia, inactive ulcer, or active ulcer) were given lansoprazole (30 mg, h.s.) and pronase (18,000 tyrosine units, b.i.d.) orally for 2 days before the topical therapy. One hundred milliliters of 7% sodium bicarbonate solution containing bismuth subnitrate, amoxicillin, metronidazole (at two different regimens), and pronase was instilled into the stomach through an endoscope. A double-lumen tube with a balloon at the tip was inserted into the duodenum along with the endoscope. The balloon was inflated with 25 ml of air and was lodged postbulbarly. The solution was kept in the stomach for 2 h, and the patient's position was changed every 15 min from the sitting to the supine, prone, and right lateral position, each position being maintained twice, to expose the entire gastric mucosa. The solution was aspirated at the end of the procedure. H. pylori infection was cured in 16/22 (72.7%) of patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, in 21/26 (80.7%) of patients with inactive ulcer, and in 1/18 (5.6%) patients with active ulcer. H. pylori eradication was confirmed 4 weeks after the therapeutic procedure by smear, culture, and histology of antral and corpus biopsy specimens. Side effects (loose stools) were observed in two patients only, and one patient had loss of appetite. These effects were transient. This endoscopic topical therapy for H. pylori infection is a safe, effective, and well tolerated procedure. With further modifications of the drug regimens and the method itself, this procedure could be of interest as anti-H. pylori therapy.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in renal amyloidosis.

To clarify the role of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in the formation of amyloid deposits, we examined specimens from 11 patients with renal amyloidosis who underwent renal biopsy by an immunohistochemical method using a monoclonal antibody (murine IgG1). Apo E was distributed in the amyloid deposits of all patients in a pattern similar to that obtained with Congo red staining. Strong positive staining for apo E was found on the amyloid deposits in the glomeruli. These results suggest that apo E is a common constituent of amyloid fibrils and that it may be a useful marker for immunohistochemical studies of systemic amyloidosis including renal amyloidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of efficacy for Japanese cedar pollen-specific immunotherapy by lymphocyte proliferation test].

Peripheral mononuclear cells from 47 patients suffering from Japanese cedar pollinosis were stimulated with crude pollen extract of Cryptomeria Japonica (CJ) to evaluate the effect of CJ-specific immunotherapy. The stimulation index (SI) with crude pollen extract of CJ in the patients with excellent and good clinical outcome was significantly lower than those with poor outcome. The SI increased with the increasing symptoms in a dose dependent manner. In the patients under immunotherapy for long period, the good clinical outcome and low SI were gained. These results suggest that peripheral lymphocyte proliferation test should be a good objective indicator for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Pathophysiological study on the mucosal defense system of genetically obese Zucker rats].

The obese Zucker rat is an animal model of genetically inherited obesity demonstrating remarkable hyperphagia. In the present study, to try to clarify the relationship between obesity and gastric function including gastric mucosal integrity, the gastric acid secretion, emptying, and mucosal resistance against ulcerogenic agents were compared in lean and obese Zucker rats. Male lean and obese Zucker rats were housed at 25 degrees C under 12-hr/12-hr lighting cycle (on at 7:00 AM). The gastric acid output of obese Zucker rats was markedly smaller than that of lean Zucker rats, whereas there was no significant difference in gastric emptying in both groups. The degree of mucosal lesion formation induced by ulcerogenic agents was assessed by measuring the total length of all mucosal lesions observed (ulcer index; mm). The intragastric administration of indomethacin (20 mg/kg) produced hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in both lean and obese groups of Zucker rats, but the ulcer index was remarkably smaller in obese Zucker rats than that of their lean littermates (5.2 +/- 1.2 mm vs. 17.5 +/- 3.5 mm, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.01). In addition obese Zucker rats exhibited stronger resistance against the intragastric challenge of absolute ethanol (1 ml/rat), a necrotizing agent, with its ulcer index being 8.5 +/- 2.7 mm, compared with lean Zucker rats whose ulcer index was 26.4 +/- 5.4 mm (P < 0.01). The bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy decreased both gastric acid secretion and the ulcer index of indomethacin-induced gastric injury observed in both obese and lean Zucker rats, whereas there was no significant difference in the ulcer index of ethanol-induced gastric injury. These results suggest that obese Zucker rats exhibit enhanced resistance against ulcerogens and decreased acid output. It is also speculated that the vagal system might be involved in inhibition of acid secretion and formation of indomethacin ulcers in obese Zucker rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The serial change of the 123I-BMIPP SPECT in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

We studied the serial change of 123I-BMIPP SPECT in the process of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In 16 patients with HCM, the imaging data were acquired 15 minutes after injection of 111 MBq 123I-BMIPP. The SPECT image was divided into 17 segments and the severity of the defect in each segment was scored visually using defect score, a 4-point grading system (score 0 = normal, score 1 = mildly decreased uptake, score 2 = moderately decreased uptake, score 3 = severely decreased uptake or defect). Each patient underwent this examination twice with interval of 25 +/- 14 months. In the first examination, we observed reduced uptake in 14 cases (88%), and often found it in septal portion of anterior or posterior wall. In the second examination, compared with the first study, total defect score (TDS: the summation of defect score of 17 segments) had increased in 7 cases (44%) of 16 cases, decreased in only 1 case (6%), and unchanged in 8 cases (50%). The regional defect score often increased in septal portion of anterior and posterior walls, and the high score area widespread toward the septum. There was no difference between TDS unchanged group and TDS worsened group in the point of background (age, family history of HCM), the interval of the two studies, and the findings of echocardiography (Dd, Ds, %F). In TDS worsened group (n = 7), clinically only 1 case became progressed stage. In others there were no progression in each clinical, echocardiographic, or 201Tl scintigraphic findings. This study revealed that myocardial fatty acid metabolic disorder often progresses during short interval in patients with HCM. In conclusion, the serial examination of 123I-BMIPP SPECT may contribute to an estimation of the stage or the prognosis in HCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of glycoprotein antigens MGP57/53 recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine milk fat globule membrane.

A cDNA encoding 57 kDa and 53 kDa antigens (MGP57/53) recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1199 (1994) 87-95) was cloned from lactating bovine mammary gland by a combination of reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3'-RACE). The deduced amino-acid sequence showed that mature MGP57/53 consists of 409 amino-acid residues and the calculated molecular weight and isoelectric point are 45,544 and 6.42, respectively. Computer analysis reveals that it has a significant similarity to mouse mammary epithelial cell surface protein, MFG-E8 and a human breast tumor-associated glycoprotein antigen, BA46-1. An N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and a C-terminal tandemly repeated sequence were highly conserved among them, but bovine MGP57/53 lacks 36 amino-acid residues containing a cluster of 5 prolines found in mouse MFG-E8. Northern blot analysis showed that the cDNA hybridized to about 2.0 kb mRNA of lactating bovine mammary gland. These results strongly support our previous report that the two MFGM antigens originate from a single gene and are isoforms with different N-linked sugar chains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗