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Biomedical subjects

Y Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Takeuchi.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Clinical trial of fosfomycin for Campylobacter enteritis].

Forty-three children and 4 adults with Campylobacter enteritis were studied in the treatment of fosfomycin (FOM). FOM was administered per orally in doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg/day for children and 3 g/day for adults for 5 days. Main symptoms such as diarrhea and fever were disappeared within 2 days on the average. Campylobacter jejuni in stool specimen disappeared within a week in 95% of these patients. The duration of main symptoms and the period of positive stool culture were evidently shortened in FOM-treated group compared with non-treated group. All of the isolated strains were sensitive to FOM by mono-concentration disk method. MIC50 of these strains remained between 1.56 and 3.13 micrograms/ml. None of these MIC was beyond 12.5 micrograms/ml.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Direct amygdaloid projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve: a light and electron microscopic study in the rat.

The projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the dorsal vagal complex were examined in the rat by means of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase and anterograde degeneration. Light microscopic findings confirmed that the amygdala projects to the dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Electron microscopic experiments demonstrated degenerating axosomatic and axodendritic terminals in the DMV following electrolytic lesions in the central nucleus of the amygdala.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

Glucuronic acid-containing glycopeptide from squid cartilage.

A glycopeptide fraction containing glucuronic acid as a component sugar was extracted and purified from squid cartilage to give a single band migrating much slower than hyaluronic acid in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the glycopeptide was fairly large since its Kav value in Sephadex G-200 chromatography was 0.18; however, it was soluble in 66% ethanol. This glycopeptide contained glucuronic acid, glucosamine, galactosamine, galactose, and fucose. The total amino acid content was 1.87 mumol of amino acid per mg of the glycopeptide. Threonine, serine and proline represented 80% of the amino acids. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC or reaction with nitrous acid did not result in degradation of the glycopeptide; however, it was completely degraded by reaction with 0.5 M KOH at 37 degrees C. Two hexasaccharides were separated from the alkaline degradation products, and they both contained glucuronic acid, fucose, galactosamine, and reducing terminal glucosamine in the molar ratio, 2:1:2:1. These results indicated that the glycopeptide contains glucuronic acid-containing sugar chains that are distinct from any known glycosaminoglycan.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Attenuation of adrenocortical response to upper abdominal surgery with epidural blockade.

Plasma cortisol concentrations and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were measured in two groups of 15 patients receiving elective gastrectomy under either general anaesthesia or epidural blockade. In another 15 patients receiving epidural blockade, the vagus nerve was blocked by injection of local anaesthetics or by truncal vagotomy, and their cortisol response to gastrectomy was compared with the other two groups. Gastrectomy under general anaesthesia caused a marked increase in plasma cortisol concentrations and in urinary excretion of 17-OHCS. These adrenocortical responses to gastrectomy were significantly inhibited in patients operated upon under epidural blockade extending from T3-4 to L1-2 and continuing for 48 h postoperatively. In patients receiving both epidural and vagus nerve blockade, the plasma cortisol response was the same as in those receiving epidural blockade alone. The results indicated that the adrenocortical response to upper abdominal surgery was safely attenuated, though not abolished, with high spinal epidural blockade continuing for 48 h postoperatively. The vagus nerve was not likely to be playing an important role in the adrenocortical response to gastrectomy.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1983

Influences of splanchnic nerve blockade on endocrine-metabolic responses to upper abdominal surgery.

Twelve patients undergoing gastrectomy received combined epidural and splanchnic nerve blockade (Group E&S), and changes in plasma ACTH, cortisol, glucose and FFA were compared with those undergoing gastrectomy under general anaesthesia (Group G) or epidural analgesia alone (Group E). Plasma ACTH increased in all groups on the day of operation and was significantly higher in Group G than the other groups. Levels of ACTH in Group E&S were lower than Group E, but the differences were not significant. Cortisol response in Group G was most pronounced and prolonged. This cortisol response was significantly attenuated in Group E and was further inhibited in Group E&S. Blood glucose and FFA increased in Groups G and E during the operation but the increase was significantly less in Group E. In Group E&S, glucose and FFA concentrations showed practically no change throughout the study, being significantly lower than in Group E. The results indicated that the splanchnic nerve is responsible for producing endocrine-metabolic responses to gastric surgery even under epidural blockade.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the inferior olivary complex of the rat, cat and monkey.

By the use of a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method, the distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers was studied in the inferior olivary complex of the rat, cat and monkey. The entire inferior olivary complex of all three species contained serotonin fibers, and species-related differences in the distribution of serotonin fibers were observed. In the rat, the overall density of serotonin fibers was sparser than that in the other two species; the highest concentration of varicose serotonergic fibers was noted in the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive. In the cat, the densest distribution of serotonin fibers occurred in the caudal portion of the medial accessory olive, the dorsomedial cell column and the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive, where intervaricose segments of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers were not so distinct. In the monkey, the caudal medial accessory olive, the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive and the dorsal as well as the lateral lamella of the principal olive showed a maximum density of serotonin fibers. Apart from the influence of afferent serotonergic projections to the cerebellum, serotonergic neurons of the brainstem are considered to affect Purkinje cells via neurons of the inferior olivary complex projecting to the cerebellum particularly in the cat and monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical study on the localization of serotonin fibers and terminals in the spinal cord of the monkey (Macaca fuscata).

A modified procedure of PAP-immunohistochemistry with the use of a rabbit antiserum against serotonin was applied to investigate the pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the spinal cord of the monkey, Macaca fuscata. The majority of descending serotonin fibers in the white matter is located immediately below the pia mater in the ventrolateral funiculi. Lamina I and the outer zone of lamina II are supplied with numerous serotonin fibers. In the intermediate gray, two prominent bundles composed of longitudinal fibers, i.e., lateral and medial longitudinal serotonin bundles, were recognized at the lateral column and in the vicinity of the central canal, respectively. The motoneurons of the anterior horn are encompassed by fine networks of serotonin fibers and terminals. The results obtained from studies with the monkey spinal cord closely resemble those characteristic of the dog spinal cord as presented in a previous paper, except for portions of the lumbar level. In segments L3-L4, intercalated cell groups between the medial and lateral motor nuclei receive particularly rich inputs of serotonin fibers in the same manner as the neurons of the nucleus intermediolateralis. This peculiar finding may suggest the presence of a specialized nucleus in the anterior column of the simian and also human spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the cat.

Distribution of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the cat was studied using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. There was a heavy concentration of serotonin nerve fibers in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, the nucleus ventromedialis and the nucleus dorsomedialis. The distribution pattern of the serotonergic fibers in the cat was principally similar to that of the rat and monkey. However, species differences were noted in the mamillary complex, the nucleus hypothalamicus anterior, the nucleus paraventricularis and the nucleus supraopticus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata).

Using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method, the distribution of serotonin nerve fibers was studied in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata). All layers of the neocortex showed evidence of serotonin fibers, both fine and thick. Unlike the distribution in rodents, different patterns of distribution were noted in each neocortex of the primate. Among the cortical areas--area 4, 3-1-2, 17, 18, 41 and 42--the primary visual cortex (area 17) contained the highest density of immunoreactive fibers, while the primary motor cortex (area 4) possessed the lowest concentration. The most outstanding finding was a dense and laminar distribution of serotonin fibers in area 17, particularly within the upper portion of layer IVc. In area 3-1-2, 18, 41 and 42, a fairly uniform density of immunoreactive fibers was observed across the six cortical layers, apart from a relatively dense plexus of fine serotonin fibers in layer IV.

Animals↗