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Biomedical subjects

Y Takasugi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Takasugi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Interleukin-1: a cytokine that has potent antisecretory and anti-ulcer actions via the central nervous system.

The present study was performed to determine if interleukin-1 (IL-1) acts as a chemical messenger in the central nervous system (CNS) regulation of gastric secretion and ulcer formation, using male Wistar rats. The central injection of IL-1 dose-dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats at 100 times smaller doses than the peripheral injection of the cytokine. The action of IL-1 was long-lasting because its antisecretory effect was still evident at 8 hr after injection. Furthermore, it was observed that pretreatment with central IL-1 dose-dependently suppressed the development of gastric ulcers induced by water-immersion restraint stress, a well-established ulcerogenic procedure. These results clearly suggested for the first time that IL-1, a cytokine produced by activated monocytes/macrophages, acts centrally in the brain to exert gastric antisecretory and anti-ulcer actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in rats.

We used male Wistar rats to determine the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gastric secretion. After pylorus ligation, 24-h fasted rats received i.p. injections of different doses of LPS dissolved in sterile saline. The amounts of gastric acid and pepsin secreted were determined 2, 4 or 8 h after injection. Small doses of LPS (10-1000 ng/rat) significantly inhibited the release of both gastric secretants as compared with control animals, and this inhibitory effect of LPS on gastric secretion was dose-related. The gastric antisecretory effect of LPS was still evident 8 h after injection, indicating that this action of LPS was long-lasting. These results suggest that LPS might be involved in the regulation of gastric secretion under certain pathophysiological conditions such as acute bacterial infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of gastric pepsin secretion by peripherally or centrally injected interleukin-1 in rats.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gastric pepsin secretion in conscious pylorus-ligated rats. The intraperitoneal (ip) injection of IL-1 resulted in a dose-related inhibition of gastric pepsin output. The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of IL-1 similarly reduced pepsin secretion at 100 times smaller doses than ip IL-1, suggesting that this inhibitory action of IL-1 is mediated by the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, it was found that the antisecretory action of IL-1, both peripherally and centrally administered, lasted throughout the periods observed (2 hr through 8 hr after injection). These results strongly indicate that IL-1 is involved in the CNS regulation of gastric secretion, especially under certain pathophysiological conditions which activate the immune system to release various cytokines including IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.

It has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. The present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. The i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. The pre-injection of indomethacin (0.5 mg/rat), however, completely blocked the anorexic action of the monokine, while indomethacin on its own did not affect food intake. These results suggested that indomethacin might be clinically useful for improvement of the anorexic state of patients with acute infectious diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 inhibits the secretion of gastric acid in rats: possible involvement of prostaglandin.

To examine the hypothesis that interleukin-1 may inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, the present study was carried out using pylorusligated rats. Based upon three lines of evidence, we report here that interleukin-1, both endogenously released and exogenously administered, suppresses gastric acid secretion and that the interleukin-1-induced inhibition of acid output is possibly mediated by prostaglandin. First, lipopolysaccharide, a potent stimulant of the release and production of endogenous interleukin-1, caused the suppression of gastric acid, and this response was dose-related. Second, the intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1 resulted in a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid output. Third, the administration of indomethacin completely blocked the suppression of gastric acid secretion induced by interleukin-1. These results demonstrated for the first time that IL-1 might be involved in the regulation of gastric secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Increased ACTH response to corticotropin-releasing factor in cold-adapted rats in vivo.

We have recently reported that chronically repeated restraint stress results in improved cold tolerance in rats via an increased activity of nonshivering thermogenesis, a characteristic metabolic change observed during cold adaptation, suggesting the presence of cross-adaptation between cold and stress. It is well established that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in various stress responses. In the present study, therefore, we examined whether cold adaptation would alter the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-releasing state in vivo using freely moving, conscious rats chronically implanted with intra-atrial cannulas. There was no difference in the basal levels of plasma ACTH between warm control and cold-adapted rats. On the other hand, the ACTH response to the intravenous administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 2 micrograms/animal) was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats. However, the injection of 10 micrograms of CRF, which was considered as a dose to elicit the maximal ACTH response, resulted in similar ACTH release patterns between the two groups. These changes in the responsiveness of ACTH secretion have been observed in rats chronically exposed to stressful conditions. The results demonstrated in the present study, therefore, provide further evidence for our hypothesis that there may exist cross-adaptation between cold and nonthermal stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Anorexia induced by interleukin 1: involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor.

It has recently been demonstrated by three independent research groups including ours that interleukin 1 (IL-1), a polypeptide hormone produced by activated monocytes or macrophages, or both, stimulates the release of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Since CRF acts centrally in the brain to reduce food intake, we hypothesized that IL-1 might induce anorexia through this central action of CRF. The present study was carried out to examine the hypothesis, using male Wistar rats. Based on three lines of evidence, we report here that IL-1, both endogenously released and exogenously administered, induces the suppression of food intake in rats and that endogenous CRF in the brain is involved in the IL-1-induced anorexia. First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent stimulant of the release and production of endogenous IL-1, caused anorexia in a dose-related manner, and this effect was significantly blocked by pretreatment with glucocorticoid hormones, which have been shown to inhibit the production of endogenous IL-1 by LPS. Second, intraperitoneal injection of IL-1 resulted in a dose-related suppression of food intake. Third, anorexia induced by IL-1 was diminished by the immunoneutralization of endogenous CRF in the brain. These results provide further evidence of the existence of bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Furthermore, this connection between IL-1 and CRF may represent a mechanism by which anorexia results from the activation of the immune system by such immunological challenges as acute infectious diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The alterations of serum colloid osmotic pressure, serum protein and water balance during prolonged anesthesia].

The changes of serum colloid osmotic pressure (COPm), serum protein and water balance were examined in 9 patients during and for 2 weeks after operation which required prolonged anesthesia. The values of serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb) and COPm decreased by about 17% three hours after the start of anesthesia and by 15%, 20% and 24%, respectively, after 18 hours. These values returned to each preoperative value about one week after the operation. The correlation coefficients (the values in parentheses were calculated using data obtained during anesthesia) comparing COPm to TP, Alb and calculated colloid osmotic pressure (Landis' equation) were 0.661 (0.710), 0.480 (0.649) and 0.666 (0.727). There was no correlation between COPm and water balance. When COPm was 17.5mmHg or lower, calculated colloid osmotic pressure value was higher than COPm as the Alb/TP ratio decreased. Decreases in the values of COPm and serum protein during operation were considered to have been caused mainly by increased capillary permeability.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan--comparison of two areas, one area where immunization started at 6 months and the other area at over 2 years of age--Regional Surveillance Committee on Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Osaka.

In the Osaka area, a very satisfactory surveillance system of infectious diseases has been achieved with the establishment of a weekly facsimile network, and computer aided graphics and feedback system. A mathematical formula has been devised for calculating the number of reported cases in exactly 100,000 of the population using the constant reported number of cases of exanthema subitum every week. With this method, we compared the incidence of pertussis patients in two areas, one where acellular pertussis vaccine is given to children after 6 months of age and the other where it is given at more than 2 years of age. The former area has the one fifth the incidence of pertussis patients of the latter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[National medical care for urological diseases in Japan].

Several problems involved in the medical care system in Japan were discussed with emphasis on urological diseases. Costs for the treatment of renal insufficiency are increasing. Financial support by the national government is available for some of the patients under 18 years of age, i.e., those with undescended testis, vesicoureteral reflux and hypospadias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

46XX male; report of case.

Chromosomal studies on a prepubertal 7-year-old boy with a normal male phenotype except for undescended testes showed a 46XX normal female karyotype. An H-Y antigen assay done at the same time on peripheral blood was positive in a titer similar to that of normal male subjects. Although the microscopic findings for both testes were normal, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was suggested from both LH-RH and hCG stimulation tests.

Child↗
PubMed1985

[Familial goitrous cretinism with giant goiter and hyperthyroglobulinemia: report of two siblings].

A 39 year-old-man and a 44 year-old-woman who was his elder sister were admitted to our hospital for study and treatment of goiter and hypothyroidism. Both had giant goiters. When he was about 3 years old goiter was first noticed since then the goiter slowly increased in size until the time of admission, while her goiter increased in size from when she was about 30 years old. Though both cases were already recognized as cretinism, they had not been treated. Perchlorate discharge test showed impaired iodide organification in both cases. Their serum thyroglobulin concentration was extremely high (1800 ng/ml). To our knowledge, there have been no case reports of goiterous cretinism due to impaired iodide organification with hyperthyroglobulinemia except the report by Hirota, Y. et al.

Adult↗