Filtration efficiency of 3 types of air filter frame and cylinder (Fig. 1) was examined by culture of the air obtained from the operating isolators at intervals of 3 to 21 days. The air of isolator was bubled in 30 ml of nutrient broth for 30 or 120 minutes (4approximately15 l/min.) and each of 1 ml of the broth was inoculated into thioglycollate medium (TGC), cooked meat medium (CMM), heart infustion broth (HIB) and glucose peptone water (GPW). The media were incubated for 7 to 14 days at 30 or 25 degrees C. As seen in Table 1, microbes could be effectively removed through all types of filter for over 10 months, though there were a very few positive cases suggesting technically acidental contamination at sampling.

Air Microbiology↗

PubMed1976

Bone marrow reactions to E. coli endotoxin or Pseudomonas original endotoxin protein in germ-free mice.

Comparative studies between germ-free and conventional mice were made as to the bone marrow reactions to E. coli endotoxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa OEP. With the direct smear method of the bone marrow reactions, it was found that conventional mice were more vulnerable than germ-free mice. Conventional mice were more sensitive also as to lethality. With the absolute count method of the bone marrow reactions, conventional mice were more vulnerable than germ-free mice on the increase of red blood cell number in the marrow which reflected damage of the circulation, whereas germ-free mice were more sensitive than conventional mice as to the decrease of nucleated cell number in the marrow which resulted from leukopenia and leukocytosis in the peripheral circulation. This finding as to the nucleated cell number was more remarkable in mice given OEP than in the mice given endotoxin.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Efficacy of egg yolk medium in cultivation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

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Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Present status of experimental animals in Japan (author's transl)].

The movement for modernization of experimental animals in Japan started around 1950. Since that time, a quarter of a century has passed. This article outlines the present status of experimental animals in Japan and makes comparisons with various other countries. Number of animals used: According to three surveys performed in the past (1956, 1960 and 1970), the numbers used of many species are increasing (Table 1). However, it can not be said simply that the numbers are increasing every year. Taking the United States where surveys are performed every year as an example (Table 3), it is evident that the peaks for use of some species are past (the same tendencies were seen in India and Sweden which have conducted more than four surveys in the past (Table 4). The same tendencies would probably also be seen in Japan if surveys were conducted annually. Quality of animals: It is easy to procure genetically and microbiologically controlled rats and mice. However, investigations into the establishment, production and supply of other species of such high quality are insufficient. This situation is almost the same as that in European countries. Miscellaneous: The present status of other items related to experimental animals is as follows: Facilities and equipment: Higher level facilities were first provided in companies, followed by testing and research institutes. At present, medical universities are providing such facilities. Feed: Pellet type diets are widely used for the various species. Care and management: In April, 1974, "The Law for the Protection and Control of Animals" came into force. This law includes regulations concerning animal experimentation but investigations concerning these standards have just begun. Training of technicians and specialists: The Japan Experimental Animal Research Association provides a correspondence course, tests and recognition for technicians. About 10 veterinary colleges have undergraduate or postgraduate courses for the training of specialists but these are elective except in two or three cases.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1975

[Sterilization of diets and drinking water in the autoclave in the Laboratory Animal Center, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College (author's transl)].

Efficiency of sterilization was shown to vary according to the type of autoclave, and this would be taken into consideration for preparing sterilized diet and water for laboratory animals. It seems necessary to sterilize diet and water for 60 and 150 minutes, respectively, at 120 degrees C using the autoclave in the Laboratory Animal Center of the Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical Collge.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1974