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Biomedical subjects

Y Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tajima.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Calcifying odontogenic cyst immunohistochemical detection of keratin and involucrin in cyst wall.

Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC) were immunohistochemically described using different keratin proteins and involucrin as well as histopathology. The cystic lining epithelium was composed of calcifying, keratinizing, squamous, and columnar epithelial cells, and included calcified masses of irregular shape and various size as well as ghost cells. Calcifying epithelium gave negative or only trace staining for keratins detected with low molecular keratin (PKK1), but were regularly positive with high molecular keratin (KL1) and polyclonal antibody for keratin (TK). They were occasionally positive for involucrin. The cells located in the periphery of the calcified masses had a particular abundance of high molecular weight and total keratins (KL1 and TK). Calcified bodies and ghost cells were devoid of any immunoreactivity. Squamous epithelium was relatively similar to that of normal squamous cell epithelium in the oral mucosa. It were most commonly found in columnar cystic epithelial cells which displayed intense staining with all immunoreagents. It is postulated that such epithelial cells may have a strong potentiality to transform into ghost cells or to undergo metaplasia. They may develop altered synthesis of homogenous acellular materials and finally become transformed into calcifying epithelium containing dystrophic calcified masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Unusual renal pelvic tumor containing transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcomatoid elements (so-called sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis). A case report and review of the literature.

A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a 66-year-old male is reported. The patient underwent left nephroureterectomy because of renal pelvic tumor and hydronephrosis. Left renal calcification and atrophy had been diagnosed in the patient about thirty years previously. The tumor showed a polypoid configuration and occupied the renal calyces. Histologically, not only solid nests of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and adenocarcinomatous glands but also large spindle-shaped cells with bizarre nuclei simulating sarcoma were identified. Immunoreactive keratin and epithelial-membranous antigen (EMA) were demonstrated in the sarcomatoid cells, indicating that they were of epithelial origin. So far, only 10 cases of so-called sarcomatoid carcinoma or carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis have been reported in the world. In this report, we summarize the pathological findings of previously reported cases and discuss the histogenesis of this rare tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Analyses of HLA antigens using cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones].

In order to investigate the structural polymorphism of DQ antigens, especially those associated with DRw8, allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were produced. Three informative human CTL clones, TGBE-11, TGAF-3 and TED-2 were established. The first two CTL clones were generated against DRw8/DQWa typed B-lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), GI and the third against DR4/DQw3 typed B- LCL,ER. TGBE-11 lysed not only some DRw8 but also DR1 positive LCLs. However, it did not react with the DRw8 positive LCLs associated with DQw1. Cytotoxicity of this CTL clone was inhibited by anti-DR monoclonal antibody (MoAb). These results indicated that DRw8 is not homogenous and that the DRw8 molecule has the common determinant with DR1. On the other hand, TGAF-3 and TED-2 reacted with DRw8/DQWa typed LCLs without any cross reaction with DR4/DQWa typed LCLs. Since their reactivity was inhibited by anti-DQ MoAbs, they were thought to discriminate DQWa of DRw8 LCLs from that of DR4 LCLs. This result was confirmed by the fact that 2-D profiles of HU-46 exhibited different electrophoretic patterns of DQWa between DR4 and DRw8. Moreover, further splits of DQWa were suggested because the reactivity of TGAF-3 and that of TED-2 were mutually exclusive against DRw8/DQWa panels. By using these two CTL clones, Dw8/DRw8 could be subdivided into three groups, Dw8.1, Dw8.2 and Dw8.3, corresponding to D-typing. In other words, Dw8.1 was defined by TGAF-3, Dw8.2 by TED-2 and Dw8.3 by negative reaction with both CTL clones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clone Cells↗
PubMed1987

The activating effects of bicarbonate on sperm motility and respiration at ejaculation.

Mature porcine sperm preserved in the cauda epididymis are quiescent. At ejaculation, they are mixed with the seminal vesicle fluid containing HCO3- and are rapidly activated. The role of HCO3- on the sperm activation process at ejaculation was studied in vitro. HCO3- quickly increased the motility, respiration rate and cAMP content of the porcine epididymal sperm. The extent of activation was proportional to the pCO2 in the medium. The activating effect of HCO3- on the motility was observed even in the absence of fructose as well as in the presence of KCN. 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and theophylline showed similar activating effects to that of HCO3-. However, HCO3(-)-free seminal plasma, Ca2+, amino acids, intermediates of the Krebs cycle, substrates of respiration and increases in the intracellular pH, extracellular pH or ionic strength of the medium had no effect. Fructose sustained the active state of the sperm and gradually increased both the motility and respiration rate when the dose of HCO3- was low. The anion channel blocker enhanced the activating effect of HCO3-. These results suggest that, upon ejaculation, HCO3- is a unique activator in vivo which makes the quiescent sperm motile via the HCO3(-)-adenylate cyclase-cAMP system, to which an endogenous HCO3- derived from metabolic CO2 may be related.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Detection of a novel HLA-DQ specificity: serological and immunochemical analyses by a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a novel human B-cell allospecificity was produced by immunizing a C3H/He mouse with the human B lymphoblastoid cell line EBV-Wa (HLA-DR4/Dw15/DQblank homozygous). The mAb, termed HU-46, reacted with B cells from not only DR4/Dw15-positive individuals but also certain DRw8/Dw8-positive ones whose DQ phenotypes had not yet been defined. Two-dimensional gel analyses indicated that the mAb recognized class II antigens which were encoded by the HLA-DQ locus. Furthermore, in genetic analysis, the gene encoding the class II antigen detected by HU-46 met the Hardy-Weinberg condition as a fourth allele of the DQ locus. We provisionally labeled this novel DQ specificity DQWa.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Promotion of radioresistance by metallothionein induction prior to irradiation.

A striking radioresistance has been found in mice which were subjected to various pretreatments to induce metallothionein synthesis in the liver prior to irradiation. The tolerance to lethal damage from an LD50 level of radiation during a 30-day postirradiation period was demonstrated by a highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) in mortality rate between mice given subcutaneously manganese, cadmium, or zinc injection or surgical skin excision of mice and the control mice (no pretreatment). A typical loss in body weight that generally reached a peak 2 weeks after irradiation was observed in the control mice, but mice given a dose of 10 mg manganese per kilogram body weight showed a steady weight increase even a few days after irradiation. The normal level of metallothionein in mouse liver is 20 micrograms/g tissue. This level increased up to 70 micrograms/g tissue following irradiation at 6.3 Gy. Among irradiated mice, metallothionein levels in the liver increased approximately 200-800% after cadmium, manganese, or zinc injection compared to levels of irradiated mice without pretreatment. Mice undergoing 2 X 2-cm2 dermal excision also demonstrated a similar reduction of mortality and high metallothionein contents in liver, i.e., 150-400 micrograms/g. The present results, together with our previous findings (Matsubara et al., 1982, 1983, 1984; Matsubara, 1986), suggest that the body's protective mechanism against radiation strongly correlates with the biosynthesis of metallothionein or metallothionein itself acting as a scavenger of radiation-induced peroxides.

Acetates↗
PubMed1987

New Dw8 associated class II specificities defined by cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones.

Two Leu2(-), Leu3(+), Leu4(+) human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, BE-11 and AF-3, were generated against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line GI (Dw8/DRw8/DQWa homozygous). Blocking experiments with various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) revealed that the former recognized the DR molecule and the latter recognized the DQ molecule, respectively. Panel studies showed that CTL clone BE-11 lysed not only DRw8-positive cells but also DR1-positive ones. CTL clone AF-3 exhibited cytotoxicity against only Dw8/DRw8/DQWa typed cells. Until now, such specificities have not been defined serologically or biochemically. These results demonstrated that the previously unknown DR and DQ specificities could be defined by CTL clones, suggesting that CTL clones might be especially valuable tools for investigating the structural polymorphism of HLA antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Role of HLA-DR antigens in Japanese patients with sarcoidosis.

Fifty-three Japanese patients with sarcoidosis were tested for HLA-A,B,C, DR, and DQ antigens in order to investigate immunogenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. All of the patients had abnormal shadows on their chest radiographs, and all had histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Groups of 60 and 57 unrelated Japanese served as control subjects for HLA-A,B,C and HLA-D region antigens, respectively. The frequency of HLA-DRw52 was 79.2% (42 of 53) in the patient group compared with 50.9% (29 of 57) in the control group, and the difference was significant (chi 2 = 9.66, p less than 0.005, pc less than 0.05, relative risk = 3.69). On the other hand, no significant association was found with HLA-A,B,C antigens. When various clinical features of the patients were taken into account, there was a tendency for the frequency of DRw52 to be lower in the patients who were in an advanced stage or who had resisted treatment with steroids. Furthermore, 31 of the 32 patients without ophthalmic involvement were DRw52-positive, which was highly significant (96.9% as compared with 50.9% of the control group; chi 2 = 19.74, p less than 0.001, pc less than 0.01, relative risk = 29.93), whereas the frequency of DRw52 in the patients with ophthalmic involvement was almost the same as in the control group. These results suggest that HLA-DR antigens play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and there may be a heterogeneity in the clinical entity of sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of mean arterial pressure in rats by a tail-cuff method with sensitive photoelectric sensors.

We evaluated a recently developed tail-cuff apparatus containing sensitive photoelectric sensors in the measurement of arterial pressure in rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats were used in the study. The indirect mean arterial pressure (MPi) was determined from the cuff pressure when the pulse volume oscillations were maximal. To create sufficiently large pulse volume oscillations, we heated the rats for about 12 minutes at 38 degrees C prior to recording the pressure. The heating increased the mean arterial pressure by an average of 4 +/- 2 mmHg, as indicated by direct measurement of pressure. Three different sizes of cuffs were tested, with the result that the indirect measurements were nearly identical to those obtained directly when an appropriate cuff size was selected. The MPi was well correlated with the direct measurement of mean arterial pressure before (r = 0.918, p less than 0.001) and during (r = 0.903, p less than 0.001) elevation of arterial pressure via norepinephrine infusion. These results indicate that the MPi determined at maximum pulse volume oscillations coincides fairly well with the true mean arterial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Time-related alterations in an endogenous digitalis-like factor in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.

Time-related alterations in a digitalis-like factor in urine were examined by means of cross-reactivity with an anti-digoxin antibody during the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats. Daily urinary sodium excretion was also measured. After hypertension had developed, plasma levels of the digitalis-like factor were determined by two methods: radioimmunoassay for digoxin and a receptor binding assay using 3H-ouabain and a rat brain synaptosomal protein. Urinary digoxin-like immunoreactivity increased gradually and significantly in the DOCA-salt rats as compared with that of sham-operated high-salt rats and normal-salt rats. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly higher in the DOCA-salt rats, and a significant correlation (r = 0.56, p less than 0.001) was observed between the daily urinary digoxin-like immunoreactivity and daily sodium excretion. In plasma, both digoxin-like immunoreactivity and ouabain-like binding activity were significantly higher in the DOCA-salt rats than in the other 2 groups. These results suggest that digitalis-like factor plays an important role in the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in mineralocorticoid escape phenomenon in patients with primary aldosteronism.

The withdrawal effect of spironolactone treatment on natriuresis was studied in relation to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in five patients with primary aldosteronism due to adenoma. The patients had been treated with spironolactone for 2-3 months before they were admitted. After admission, blood pressure, body weight, and urinary excretion of sodium were measured daily. Venous samples were obtained twice a week for measurements of plasma levels of ANP, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentrations of aldosterone (PAC), cortisol, and deoxycorticosterone. The study was performed for 7 days during the treatment with spironolactone and for 18 days after stopping the administration. Plasma volume was determined two times, during the control period and on the 13th day after stopping spironolactone. Urinary sodium excretion decreased initially and returned to the control levels successively. Body weight and plasma volume increased, and blood pressure rose steadily. PRA and the plasma concentrations of cortisol and deoxycorticosterone decreased significantly (P less than 0.05); however, high levels of PAC did not alter significantly. Plasma ANP levels increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 26 +/- 4 pg/ml during the control period to 195 +/- 47 pg/ml on the 13th day after stopping spironolactone. The data of the urinary sodium excretion showed the escape from sodium-retaining effect of aldosterone, and this escape could be explained by the increase in plasma ANP. Furthermore, ANP might contribute to the decrease in cortisol and deoxycorticosterone in plasma because of the direct inhibitory action of ANP on steroidogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Migration of nevus cells into the lymph nodes].

We report on an extremely rare case in which clusters of nevus cells have been found not only in the capsule but also in the central sinus of the lymph nodes. In a 52-year-old female who underwent a left radical mastectomy because of breast cancer, some resected lymph nodes were found to contain clusters of nevus cells. The following mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are possible. The first possibility may be a remnant that persisted during the course of embryogenesis. The another possible mechanism may be the migration of nevus cells into the lymph nodes. In other words the nevus cells might have been transported through the lymphatic essels as a "benign metastasis".

Breast Neoplasms↗