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Biomedical subjects

Y Sumida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sumida.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Increased soluble fibrin monomer and soluble thrombomodulin levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We measured the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC), soluble fibrin monomer (SFM), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There were no significant differences in the hemostatic parameters between the 77 patients with NIDDM and healthy control subjects, although the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, TAT, and PPIC in the NIDDM patients were slightly higher than those in the healthy controls. Among the NIDDM patients divided into three groups by the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) level, there was no significant difference in age or sex among the normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria groups, and the HbA1C level in the micro- and macroalbuminuria groups were slightly higher than those in the normoalbuminuria group. There was no significant difference in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, TAT, PPIC, D-dimer, or t-PA among these three groups. The plasma SFM and TM levels in the macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in the normo- and microalbuminuria groups. The relationships between HbA1C and the hemostatic parameters were poor, but the plasma TM and SFM levels were significantly correlated with the urine albumin index.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Early administration of Bifidobacterium breve to preterm infants: randomised controlled trial.

AIM: To investigate the colonisation with Bifidobacterium breve of the bowels of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: The adverse effects of B breve were examined in 66 VLBW infants (preliminary study). A prospective randomised clinical study of 91 VLBW infants was also completed and these infants were followed up for three years. Precise viable bacterial counts of serial stool specimens were examined for the first eight weeks after birth in 10 infants. The colonisation rates of administered bacteria were examined using immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens with a B breve specific monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: In the preliminary study there were no side effects attributable to the bacteria. Immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens showed that the colonisation rates of the administered bacteria were 73% at 2 weeks of age, but only 12% in the control group. Early administration of B breve significantly decreased aspirated air volume from the stomach and improved weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: B breve can colonise the immature bowel very effectively and is associated with fewer abnormal abdominal signs and better weight gain in VLBW infants, probably as a result of stabilisation of their intestinal flora and accelerated feeding schedules.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1997

Abnormal metabolism of type-IV collagen in normotensive non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

The objective of this study was to investigate the serum level of the 7S domains of type-IV collagen [IVc(7S)] and its relations with microangiopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study comprised 73 patients with NIDDM that were consulted in our outpatient clinic. Among the 73 NIDDM patients, 43 with normal arterial pressure were selected to assess the relationship between serum levels of 7S collagen and microangiopathy. There was a significant relationship between the serum IVc(7S) levels and the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy. These findings suggest that an increased IVc (7S) concentration may reflect the abnormal collagen metabolism of the vascular basement membrane in NIDDM patients. Column chromatography of the NIDDM patients' sera revealed the heterogeneity of immunoreactive type-IV collagen (7S) and showed that these domains were composed mainly of degradation products of type-IV collagen. These data suggest that degradation of IVc is accelerated in the vascular basement membrane of NIDDM patients.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1997

Essential hypertension and 5' upstream core promoter region of human angiotensinogen gene.

The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T variant is associated with essential hypertension and elevated plasma AGT concentrations, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5' upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript. We therefore examined subjects with this mutation to study the association with increased plasma AGT concentrations and with essential hypertension. One hundred eighty-eight subjects receiving no antihypertensive medication were examined with regard to the correlation between A-20C and plasma AGT concentrations, and 234 subjects were studied with respect to the association between A-20C and essential hypertension. A-20C was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with EcoOR 109I. Multiple regression analysis showed a weak but significant correlation between A-20C and plasma AGT concentrations (P=.047) and essential hypertension (P=.049). The results suggest that A-20C may underlie the increase in plasma AGT concentrations and be involved in the development of essential hypertension.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1997

[Esophago-bronchial fistula which developed after the insertion of an expandable metallic stent for corrosive esophageal stenosis].

A 69-year-old man attempted suicide by abdominal penetrating injury and taking sulfonyl acid. After a laparotomic drainage operation, corrosive esophageal stenosis occurred. Esophageal bougienage was not effective. An expandable metallic stent (GIANTURCO-ROCHE Z stent, Cook Bloomington U.S.A.) was inserted aiming to achieve temporary oral diet and nutritional improvement. But diet did not improve sufficiently because of the awareness of the prosthesis, severe hiccup, uncontrolled regurgitation esophagitis and restenosis caused by intraluminal mucosal growth. After 4 months of insertion, an esophago-bronchial fistula was produced by the wire of EMS. An operation became necessary for this complication. No data exist on the long-term use of the EMS and it is not suitable for benign esophageal stenosis. Unavoidably if the palliative treatment of endoprosthesis is necessary for benign esophageal stenosis such as corrosive esophageal stenosis, a removable esophageal tube prosthesis is preferable.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

DNA synthesis of cultured mesothelial cells in a high permeable state.

To understand the mechanism of regeneration of the mesothelial cell in a high permeable state, in vitro experiments with cultured mesothelial cells were carried out using a type I collagen-coated multititer plate. Prior to cell seeding, each plate was filled with 100 microL of glucose solution at concentrations of 30 mmol/L, 90 mmol/L, and 150 mmol/L, and minimum essential medium (MEM), respectively. After immersion for one to five weeks at 37 degrees C, mesothelial cells were seeded at a density of 3 x 10(4)/cm2, then glucose was added at varying final concentrations between 0 and 150 mmol/L and/or albumin was added at a final concentration of 2 g/dL. After days 2 and 4, DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU). There was no significant difference of DNA synthesis between groups with and without one-week glucose immersion when mesothelial cells were cultured with only 10% FCS/MEM. However, suppression of DNA synthesis at 2 g/dL of albumin was seen no matter what concentration of glucose supplement was used. Without a high concentration of albumin, DNA synthesis was dose-dependent on glucose. The longer the immersion period, the lesser the suppression. It is speculated that process of glycation with collagen may relate to growth of mesothelial cells.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

Regulation of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA in vivo and in vitro.

In this study, to investigate the mechanism of hypertension-associated induction of cardiac angiotensinogen in vivo and in vitro, we studied the regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA in the hearts of genetically hypertensive rats and in the rat cardiomyocytes. Levels of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA were significantly increased in the hypertensive rats. Steady state mRNA levels for angiotensinogen mRNA in cardiomyocytes were increased by angiotensin II and mechanical stretch. The addition of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (CV11974) and a transcriptional inhibitor (actinomycin D) completely blocked the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by angiotensin II in cardiomyocytes. The addition of CV11974 significantly, but not completely, inhibited the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by mechanical stretch. Actinomycin D completely blocked the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by stretch in cardiomyocytes. An angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist (PD123319) and a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) did not affect the induction. These results indicate that the expression of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA is activated by the development of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, and that angiotensin II and mechanical stretch activates the angiotensinogen gene via the angiotensin II type 1 receptor-pathway in cardiomyocytes.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1996

Tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with pervanadate.

We examined in detail the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, especially inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 2, during activation of respiratory burst of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by pervanadate. The pervanadate, generated from a combination of H2O2 and orthovanadate, induced concomitantly tyrosine phosphorylation of 145, 120, 104, 76, 68, 60, 53, 42, 37, 28, and 25 kDa proteins and superoxide anion (O2-) production of PMNs. The pretreatment of PMNs with genistein caused an inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins, and also markedly depressed O2- production. Among the above proteins, a 145 kDa protein was found to be identical with the protein recognized by the anti-PLC gamma 2 antibody on Western blots. PLC gamma 2 was detected in the cytosol fraction but not in the membrane fraction of resting PMNs, whereas it was detected in both cytosol and membrane fractions of pervanadate treated PMNs. PLC activity of pervanadate treated PMNs was higher than that of resting cells. In addition, the enzyme activity of the cytosol fraction from the former cells was significantly lower than that from the latter cells, whereas the enzyme activity of membrane fraction from the former cells was significantly higher than that from the latter cells. These findings suggest that the tyrosine residue(s) of PLC gamma 2 is phosphorylated and the enzyme is translocated from the cytosol to membrane fractions in PMNs by pervanadate treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A novel method for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparative evaluation of 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability.

The correlation between the degree of sympathetic denervation measured through 123I-MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy and Power Spectral Analysis of consecutive R-R records was investigated in order to evaluate their potential application for the assessment of myocardial autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study comprised 42 patients with Type 2 diabetes. Low frequency (0.02-0.09 Hz) components of the power spectral density were measured as markers of sympathetic activity. The myocardial uptake of 123I-MIBG was measured by using the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and the early and delayed images were recorded. Scoring from 0 to 3 of the 123I-MIBG uptake of various cardiac segments (7) was performed and the total uptake was calculated. The washout rate in the whole myocardium was determined. The values obtained in the group with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) without orthostatic hypotension (OH) were significantly lower as compared to those of the (DAN (-)) group in the delayed images. The washout rate of the OH (-) group was also significantly higher than the DAN (-) group. There was significant difference between the images and the washout rate of OH (+) and OH (-) groups. There was a significant correlation between Power Spectral Analysis and SPECT (early, delayed images, and washout rate). Of these, the delayed image showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Further, the QTc interval showed a significant inverse correlation with the delayed image (r = -0.44, p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy could be a useful method for the assessment of the myocardial autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

Protein C activation in NIDDM patients.

Enhanced activation of the clotting system has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities of the anticoagulant system may constitute a potential trigger factor for the haemostatic activation observed in diabetic subjects. The current study aimed to evaluate anticoagulant activity in diabetic patients by assessing the plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex; and by measuring the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin. This study comprised 61 patients (34 men, 27 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of whom 22 showed microalbuminuria and 39 normoalbuminuria. Data obtained in 31 non-obese and non-diabetic subjects were available for comparison. The plasma levels of fibrinogen (p < 0.02), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (p < 0.05), fibrin monomer (p < 0.0001), protein C antigen (p < 0.005), total protein S antigen (p < 0.02), soluble thrombomodulin (p < 0.005) and soluble E-selectin (p < 0.005) were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in healthy subjects. The plasma level of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex (7.4 +/- 3.8 vs 3.0 +/- 0.4 pmol/l) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin (23.4 +/- 2.6 vs 35.3 +/- 3.0 ng/ml) was markedly lower (p = 0.005) in all diabetic patients than in healthy subjects. Cases with microalbuminuria presented low plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex (5.5 +/- 0.6 vs 8.6 +/- 0.7 pmol/l, p < 0.05) and significantly decreased values of the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin (16.5 +/- 2.9 vs 23.4 +/- 2.6%, p = 0.03) as compared to those with normoalbuminuria. The present study suggests that the hyper-coagulable state in NIDDM is associated with an increased activation of protein C but with a poor plasma reactivity to the anticoagulant effect of thrombomodulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Acute and chronic regulation of serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels by plasma insulin concentrations in male noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of the serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels with the plasma insulin concentration and with the insulin resistance in male subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This investigation comprised 12 patients with NIDDM and 16 normal subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). There was a significant increase in insulin levels (P < 0.03) and a decrease in SHBG levels (P < 0.01) in the diabetic group as compared with those of the normal group. The sex hormone and plasma insulin levels were measured in NIDDM patients undergoing exercise and dietary therapy. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique expressed as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) before and after the treatment. The SHBG levels correlated significantly with the insulin concentrations (r = -0.643, P < 0.05) and with the GIR (r = 0.615, P < 0.05) before the treatment. The SHBG levels (P < 0.02) and GIR (P < 0.01) increased, and the insulin concentrations (P < 0.01) decreased significantly during the treatment. The SHBG levels showed a negative and significant correlation with the plasma insulin concentrations at the end of the clamp study before (r = -0.615, P < 0.05) and after (r = -0.626, P < 0.05) the treatment. These findings suggest that, in the hyperinsulinemic state, plasma insulin has a direct effect on the SHBG levels. SHBG levels decreased significantly during the clamp study before (P < 0.02) and after (P < 0.01) the treatment. This may represent the acute effect of insulin on the SHBG levels. Briefly, these results suggest that insulin may directly affect the SHBG levels and that SHBG may constitute an index of the insulin resistance only in the hyperinsulinemic state.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1996

Zinc-ion-dependent acid phosphatase exhibits magnesium-ion-dependent myo-inositol-1-phosphatase activity.

We have purified bovine brain Zn(2+)-dependent acid phosphatase (Zn(2+)-APase), which requires Zn2+ ions to hydrolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in an acidic environment. The substrate specificity and metal requirement of Zn(2+)-APase at a physiological pH was also studied. The enzyme exhibited hydrolytic activity on myo-inositol-1- and -2-monophosphates, 2'-adenosine monophosphate, 2'-guanosine monophosphate, and the alpha- and beta-glycerophosphates, glucose-1-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence of Mg2+ ions, but not on pNPP and phosphotyrosine. Zn2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ ions were less effective for activation. Among the above substrates, myo-inositol-1-phosphate was the most susceptible to hydrolysis by the enzyme in the presence of 3 mM Mg2+ ions. The enzyme exhibited an optimum pH at around 8 for myo-inositol-1-phosphate in the presence of 3 mM Mg2+ ions. The Mg(2+)-dependent myo-inositol-1-phosphatase activity of the enzyme was significantly inhibited by Li+ ions. The Zn(2+)-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity and Mg(2+)-dependent myo-inositol-1-phosphatase activity of the purified enzyme fraction exhibited similar behavior on Sephadex G-100 and Mono Q colomns. These findings suggest that Zn(2+)-APase also exhibits Mg(2+)-dependent myo-inositol-1-phosphatase activity under physiological conditions.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

[A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with primary hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus].

A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of hypocalcemia and the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Seven months before admission, he sometimes felt thirst and polyuria, and 4 months before admission, he went to a doctor to check his blood glucose and was diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus which had suddenly developed. At that time he was treated with sulfonylurea, but his diabetic control was very poor. At the time of admission to our hospital, the patient's serum calcium (Ca) level was 5.7 mg/dl, phosphorus (P) 5.0 mg/dl, and fasting blood glucose 308 mg/dl, but urinary ketone bodies were not detected. High sensitive assay of parathyroid hormone (HS-PTH), intact PTH and C-terminus PTH concentrations were under the level of detection. TSH level was slightly high (6.1 mu U/ml) with positive antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies but thyroid hormone levels were within normal limits. TRH test showed over-response of TSH. Based on Ellsworth-Howard test, we made the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with primary hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. He was treated with insulin twice a day and reached good control, and he was also administered 1 alpha-OH-D3 and calcium lactate resulting in an increase of serum Ca level after 2 weeks. These findings suggest that this case may be a polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndrome type 1 reported by Neufeld, which is very rare in Japan. The type of diabetes mellitus of this case is controversial. It is, however, necessary to pay attention to the decrease of the patient's insulin-secreting activity because autoimmune disorders are accompanied by this case.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1994

Effects of hexoses and their derivatives on glucagon secretion from isolated perfused rat pancreas.

Although it has been firmly established that D-glucose inhibits glucagon secretion from pancreatic A cells, the regulatory mechanism of glucagon secretion by D-glucose has not been elucidated. To study this regulatory mechanism by D-glucose, the effects of hexoses and their derivatives on glucagon secretion from the A cells of isolated perfused rat pancreas were investigated. When these cells were perfused with D-glucose, D-fructose, D-sorbitol, D-galactose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-gluconic acid sodium salt and D-glucosamine HCl salt, glucagon secretion was significantly inhibited. None of the hexoses or their derivatives tested were found to stimulate glucagon secretion. The effects of these sugars on glucagon secretion were independent of their metabolism in the cells. From the findings that the sugars both metabolized and unmetabolized in the cells demonstrated comparable inhibition of glucagon secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas, it is speculated that the recognition system for these sugars may be probably present on the A cell membrane and responsible for mediating these inhibitory effects of glucagon secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Primary sites of actions of staurosporine and H-7 in the cascade of insulin action to glucose transport in rat adipocytes.

The insulin-stimulated glucose transporter in rat adipocytes was inhibited by two protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine (SSP) and H-7 (1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine). However, whereas SSP (10 microM) blocked the insulin-dependent translocation of glucose transporter, H-7 (3 mM) did not. The latter inhibited glucose transporter activity not only in cells, but also in reconstituted liposomes. On the other hand, SSP blocked both the action of insulin and the insulinomimetic action of GTP gamma S (Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)). GTP gamma S had distinct effects on the glucose transport and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities. It is suggest that H-7 may inhibit glucose transport activity per se; a SSP sensitive protein kinases (protein kinase C isoforms?) may be involved in cascade of the insulin action on glucose transporter as modulated by GTP gamma S; and glucose transport and PDE activities may be regulated by distinct GTP gamma S-sensitive factors.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1992

Effects of fluorescein isothiocyanate on insulin actions in rat adipocytes.

The effects of fluorescein isothiocyanate II (FITC) on the actions of insulin in rat adipocytes were studied. When adipocytes were incubated with FITC at pH 7.4 (2 mM agent, 8 min), the cells were completely deprived of their specific insulin-binding activity and rendered unresponsive to the hormone. The effect of FITC on the insulin-binding activity was milder at pH 9.0, and cAMP phosphodiesterase in cells exposed to FITC at pH 9.0 was maximally stimulated if the insulin concentration was increased to 100 nM. Under identical conditions, however, glucose transport activity was rendered not only less sensitive but also less responsive to the hormone. When FITC was added to cells after insulin at pH 9.0, the glucose transport activity that had been stimulated by the hormone was considerably reduced. This reduction was largely, but not entirely, prevented if the cells were deprived of ATP, suggesting that FITC (a) elicited the ATP-dependent reversal of the hormonal effect and, simultaneously, (b) mildly inhibited the transport activity per se. Western blot assay of GLUT-4 (a major isoform of glucose transporter in adipocytes) indicated that FITC (a) partially blocked insulin-dependent translocation of GLUT-4 from the intracellular site to the plasma membrane while it (b) induced a mild "insulin-like" effect. It is concluded that FITC at pH 9.0 (a) renders both glucose transport and phosphodiesterase activities less insulin sensitive presumably by modifying the cellular hormone receptor and (b) makes glucose transport activity less responsive to insulin presumably by (i) blocking hormone-dependent translocation of glucose transporter and (ii) mildly inhibiting intrinsic glucose transport activity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Plasma renin activity and norepinephrine as predictors for antihypertensive effects of nifedipine and captopril.

To examine predictors for the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, we investigated the effects of nifedipine and captopril on blood pressure (BP) and humoral factors in patients with essential hypertension. Eleven essential hypertensive patients (mean age: 54) were treated with long acting nifedipine at 20 to 40 mg/day for 8 weeks and 25 essential hypertensives (mean age: 51) were treated with captopril at 37.5 to 75 mg/day. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentrations of aldosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before and at the end of treatment. Both nifedipine and captopril decreased BP (nifedipine: mean BP 119 +/- 3 to 101 +/- 2 mm Hg, captopril: 124 +/- 2 to 100 +/- 2, P less than .01 for each), whereas neither of them affected heart rate. The 8-week treatment of nifedipine showed no significant effect on humoral factors. Captopril increased PRA by 63% (P less than .05) and decreased plasma epinephrine by 42% (P less than .01) and norepinephrine by 35% (P less than .01). The change in mean BP was positively correlated with pretreatment PRA (r = 0.68, P less than .01) in nifedipine-treated patients and inversely with pretreatment norepinephrine (r = -0.53, P less than .01) in captopril treatment. The results suggest that both nifedipine and captopril were effective antihypertensive agents and that the long term treatment of nifedipine is more effective in essential hypertensives with lower PRA, while captopril is more effective in those with higher plasma norepinephrine concentration.

Aged↗