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Biomedical subjects

Y Sumida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sumida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of genetic deficiency of angiotensinogen on the renin-angiotensin system.

This study examined expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) component mRNAs in angiotensinogen gene knockout (Atg-/-) mice. Wild-type (Atg+/+) and Atg-/- mice were fed a normal-salt (0.3% NaCl) or high-salt (4% NaCl) diet for 2 weeks. Angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type la receptor (AT1A), and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis. In Atg+/+ mice, activities of circulating RAS and renal angiotensinogen mRNA level were decreased by salt loading, whereas levels of renal and cardiac ACE; renal, brain, and cardiac AT1A; and brain and cardiac AT2 mRNA were increased by salt loading. Although activities of circulating RAS were not detected in Atg-/- mice, salt loading increased blood pressure in Atg-/- mice. In Atg-/- mice, renal renin mRNA level was decreased by salt loading; in contrast, salt loading increased renal AT1A and cardiac AT2 mRNA levels in Atg-/- mice, and these activated levels in Atg-/- mice were higher than those in Atg+/+ mice fed the high-salt diet. Thus, expression of each component of the RAS is regulated in a tissue-specific manner that is distinct from other components of systemic and local RAS and that appears to be mediated by a mechanism other than changes in the circulating or tissue levels of angiotensin peptides.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1998

Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are increased in obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

To clarify the significance of the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the mechanism of insulin resistance, we studied 12 obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We evaluated the relationship of TNF-alpha levels with the visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat areas measured by computed tomography (CT), and with insulin resistance evaluated by the glucose infusion rate (GIR) observed during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. Controls consisted of 12 normal subjects and 12 nonobese patients with NIDDM. TNF-alpha levels were measured using a high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following admission, all patients with NIDDM participated in a 4-week program of diet and exercise. After this treatment, we evaluated the relationship of the serum levels of TNF-alpha with the area of body fat, the GIR, and the resultant change in the TNF-alpha level. Serum levels of TNF-alpha in the obese patients with NIDDM significantly exceeded those observed in normal subjects (P < 0.01) or in the nonobese patients with NIDDM (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TNF-alpha in obese NIDDM patients showed a significant positive correlation with the area of visceral fat before (r = 0.662, P < 0.03) and after (r = 0.508, P < 0.05) the treatment; similar correlation was observed in all patients with NIDDM before (r = 0.537, P < 0.02) and after (r = 0.430, P < 0.05) the treatment. Serum levels of TNF-alpha in obese NIDDM patients showed a significant negative correlation with GIR after the treatment (r = -0.595, P < 0.05). Serum levels of TNF-alpha were significantly reduced in the obese patients with NIDDM after the treatment (P < 0.01), while those in the nonobese NIDDM patients were unchanged. These results suggest that serum TNF-alpha levels may play an important role in mechanism of insulin resistance associated with obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Dietary salt loading decreases the expressions of neuronal-type nitric oxide synthase and renin in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of angiotensinogen gene-knockout mice.

The present study investigates whether neuronal type nitric oxide synthase (N-NOS) in the macula densa participates in the regulation of renal renin expression during altered dietary salt intake in angiotensinogen gene-knockout (Atg-/-) mice. Wild-type (Atg+/+) and Atg+/+ mice were fed a low-salt (0.04% NaCl), normal-salt (0.3% NaCl), or high-salt (4% NaCl) diet for 2 wk. Histochemical staining for NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) and renin were analyzed morphometrically. Levels of N-NOS and renin mRNA in renal cortical tissues were determined by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis, respectively. In animals fed a normal-salt diet, the renal expressions of N-NOS and renin were markedly increased in Atg-/- mice compared with Atg+/+ mice. When mutant mice were fed a high-salt diet, the signal intensity of the NADPHd reaction and the number of positively stained macula densa cells were significantly decreased. The levels of renal cortical N-NOS mRNA were also suppressed by the treatment. These changes were paralleled by decreases in renal renin-immunoreactive areas and the levels of renin mRNA. On the other hand, salt restriction did not produce further significant increases in the renal N-NOS and renin expressions in mutant mice, whereas a parallel inverse relationship was observed between these enzyme expressions and the levels of salt intake in wild-type mice. These results suggest that the N-NOS expression in the macula densa is inversely regulated by salt intake and that the enzyme activity is functionally linked to renal renin production. Salt-modulated renal N-NOS and renin expressions are independent on angiotensin formation in Atg-/- mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Significant decreased insulin secretion in a diabetic patient with clinically probable multiple sclerosis.

A 39-year-old man with chief complaints of aphasia, disorientation and acalculia was admitted to our hospital. He was diagnosed as a clinically probable case of multiple sclerosis (MS) and his symptoms improved while on steroid pulse therapy. The patient had been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus 16 years before the onset of MS and his insulin secretion further decreased with time. Slight insulin resistance was observed during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. These results suggested that this patient developed diabetes mellitus mainly due to the decrease of insulin secretion.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

Serum 7S domain of type IV collagen levels in essential hypertension and hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.

Metabolic alteration of Type IV collagen occurs in micro- or macrovascular basement membrane of diabetic patients. Hypertension, a risk factor for clinical progression of diabetic vascular disease, may influence this metabolic alteration. The object of this study was to evaluate the serum 7S domain of type IV collagen (7S-collagen) levels in patients with essential hypertension and in Type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension and to investigate the relationship between the type IV collagen metabolism and the arterial blood pressure. Serum 7S-collagen levels in 18 patients with essential hypertension were significantly higher than in 24 normal subjects (4.2 +/- 0.5 vs 3.6 +/- 0.4 ng ml(-1) p < 0.01). Serum 7S-collagen levels in 28 normotensive diabetic patients (4.2 +/- 0.5 ng ml(-1)) were significantly higher than in normal subjects (p < 0.01). The serum 7S-collagen levels were significantly higher in 22 diabetic patients with hypertension (4.8 +/- 0.6 ng ml(-1)) than in the other groups. There was a significant correlation between the serum 7S-collagen levels and the systolic blood pressure in cases with essential hypertension (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and in all diabetic patients (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), suggesting that elevation of the systolic blood pressure may influence the type IV collagen metabolism of vascular basement membrane. We conclude that the metabolic alteration of basement membrane occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen in the presence of high systolic blood pressure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Effect of triiodothyronine on glucose transport in rat adipocytes.

The in vitro effect of thyroid hormones on glucose transport in insulin-stimulated muscle cells or adipocytes is still unclear. The objective of the present study was to assess the direct effect of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) on glucose transport and on the translocation of insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (GLUT4) in insulin-stimulated rat adipocytes. This evaluation was performed using an in vitro assay to avoid the well-known systemic effects of this hormone ( e.g.: hyperinsulinemia). Adipocytes were isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats. Glucose transport assay and immunoblot analysis of GLUT4 were carried out in insulin-stimulated and unstimulated adipocytes after treating with or without T3. The results were as follows; 1) T3 inhibited the glucose transport in insulin-stimulated and unstimulated adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. 2) T3 decreased the maximal response level (Vmax) but did not alter the sensitivity (Km) of glucose transport to insulin. 3) T3 did not affect the translocation of GLUT4 from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. We concluded that T3 inhibits the glucose transport in insulin-stimulated adipocytes in a post-receptor level without affecting the translocation of GLUT4 from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. This suggests that T3 acts by decreasing the intrinsic activity or the accessibility of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1997

Increased soluble fibrin monomer and soluble thrombomodulin levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We measured the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC), soluble fibrin monomer (SFM), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There were no significant differences in the hemostatic parameters between the 77 patients with NIDDM and healthy control subjects, although the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, TAT, and PPIC in the NIDDM patients were slightly higher than those in the healthy controls. Among the NIDDM patients divided into three groups by the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) level, there was no significant difference in age or sex among the normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria groups, and the HbA1C level in the micro- and macroalbuminuria groups were slightly higher than those in the normoalbuminuria group. There was no significant difference in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, TAT, PPIC, D-dimer, or t-PA among these three groups. The plasma SFM and TM levels in the macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in the normo- and microalbuminuria groups. The relationships between HbA1C and the hemostatic parameters were poor, but the plasma TM and SFM levels were significantly correlated with the urine albumin index.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Early administration of Bifidobacterium breve to preterm infants: randomised controlled trial.

AIM: To investigate the colonisation with Bifidobacterium breve of the bowels of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: The adverse effects of B breve were examined in 66 VLBW infants (preliminary study). A prospective randomised clinical study of 91 VLBW infants was also completed and these infants were followed up for three years. Precise viable bacterial counts of serial stool specimens were examined for the first eight weeks after birth in 10 infants. The colonisation rates of administered bacteria were examined using immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens with a B breve specific monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: In the preliminary study there were no side effects attributable to the bacteria. Immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens showed that the colonisation rates of the administered bacteria were 73% at 2 weeks of age, but only 12% in the control group. Early administration of B breve significantly decreased aspirated air volume from the stomach and improved weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: B breve can colonise the immature bowel very effectively and is associated with fewer abnormal abdominal signs and better weight gain in VLBW infants, probably as a result of stabilisation of their intestinal flora and accelerated feeding schedules.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1997

Abnormal metabolism of type-IV collagen in normotensive non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

The objective of this study was to investigate the serum level of the 7S domains of type-IV collagen [IVc(7S)] and its relations with microangiopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study comprised 73 patients with NIDDM that were consulted in our outpatient clinic. Among the 73 NIDDM patients, 43 with normal arterial pressure were selected to assess the relationship between serum levels of 7S collagen and microangiopathy. There was a significant relationship between the serum IVc(7S) levels and the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy. These findings suggest that an increased IVc (7S) concentration may reflect the abnormal collagen metabolism of the vascular basement membrane in NIDDM patients. Column chromatography of the NIDDM patients' sera revealed the heterogeneity of immunoreactive type-IV collagen (7S) and showed that these domains were composed mainly of degradation products of type-IV collagen. These data suggest that degradation of IVc is accelerated in the vascular basement membrane of NIDDM patients.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1997

Essential hypertension and 5' upstream core promoter region of human angiotensinogen gene.

The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T variant is associated with essential hypertension and elevated plasma AGT concentrations, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recent studies have suggested that AGCE 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element 1) located in the 5' upstream core promoter region (position -25 to -1) of the human AGT gene has an important part in the expression of AGT mRNA by binding with transcription factor AGCF 1 (human AGT gene core promoter element binding factor 1), and a mutation at -20 from adenine to cytosine (A-20C) increases the level of expression of this transcript. We therefore examined subjects with this mutation to study the association with increased plasma AGT concentrations and with essential hypertension. One hundred eighty-eight subjects receiving no antihypertensive medication were examined with regard to the correlation between A-20C and plasma AGT concentrations, and 234 subjects were studied with respect to the association between A-20C and essential hypertension. A-20C was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with EcoOR 109I. Multiple regression analysis showed a weak but significant correlation between A-20C and plasma AGT concentrations (P=.047) and essential hypertension (P=.049). The results suggest that A-20C may underlie the increase in plasma AGT concentrations and be involved in the development of essential hypertension.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1997

[Esophago-bronchial fistula which developed after the insertion of an expandable metallic stent for corrosive esophageal stenosis].

A 69-year-old man attempted suicide by abdominal penetrating injury and taking sulfonyl acid. After a laparotomic drainage operation, corrosive esophageal stenosis occurred. Esophageal bougienage was not effective. An expandable metallic stent (GIANTURCO-ROCHE Z stent, Cook Bloomington U.S.A.) was inserted aiming to achieve temporary oral diet and nutritional improvement. But diet did not improve sufficiently because of the awareness of the prosthesis, severe hiccup, uncontrolled regurgitation esophagitis and restenosis caused by intraluminal mucosal growth. After 4 months of insertion, an esophago-bronchial fistula was produced by the wire of EMS. An operation became necessary for this complication. No data exist on the long-term use of the EMS and it is not suitable for benign esophageal stenosis. Unavoidably if the palliative treatment of endoprosthesis is necessary for benign esophageal stenosis such as corrosive esophageal stenosis, a removable esophageal tube prosthesis is preferable.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

DNA synthesis of cultured mesothelial cells in a high permeable state.

To understand the mechanism of regeneration of the mesothelial cell in a high permeable state, in vitro experiments with cultured mesothelial cells were carried out using a type I collagen-coated multititer plate. Prior to cell seeding, each plate was filled with 100 microL of glucose solution at concentrations of 30 mmol/L, 90 mmol/L, and 150 mmol/L, and minimum essential medium (MEM), respectively. After immersion for one to five weeks at 37 degrees C, mesothelial cells were seeded at a density of 3 x 10(4)/cm2, then glucose was added at varying final concentrations between 0 and 150 mmol/L and/or albumin was added at a final concentration of 2 g/dL. After days 2 and 4, DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU). There was no significant difference of DNA synthesis between groups with and without one-week glucose immersion when mesothelial cells were cultured with only 10% FCS/MEM. However, suppression of DNA synthesis at 2 g/dL of albumin was seen no matter what concentration of glucose supplement was used. Without a high concentration of albumin, DNA synthesis was dose-dependent on glucose. The longer the immersion period, the lesser the suppression. It is speculated that process of glycation with collagen may relate to growth of mesothelial cells.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

Regulation of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA in vivo and in vitro.

In this study, to investigate the mechanism of hypertension-associated induction of cardiac angiotensinogen in vivo and in vitro, we studied the regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA in the hearts of genetically hypertensive rats and in the rat cardiomyocytes. Levels of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA were significantly increased in the hypertensive rats. Steady state mRNA levels for angiotensinogen mRNA in cardiomyocytes were increased by angiotensin II and mechanical stretch. The addition of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (CV11974) and a transcriptional inhibitor (actinomycin D) completely blocked the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by angiotensin II in cardiomyocytes. The addition of CV11974 significantly, but not completely, inhibited the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by mechanical stretch. Actinomycin D completely blocked the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by stretch in cardiomyocytes. An angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist (PD123319) and a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) did not affect the induction. These results indicate that the expression of cardiac angiotensinogen mRNA is activated by the development of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, and that angiotensin II and mechanical stretch activates the angiotensinogen gene via the angiotensin II type 1 receptor-pathway in cardiomyocytes.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1996

Tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with pervanadate.

We examined in detail the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins, especially inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 2, during activation of respiratory burst of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by pervanadate. The pervanadate, generated from a combination of H2O2 and orthovanadate, induced concomitantly tyrosine phosphorylation of 145, 120, 104, 76, 68, 60, 53, 42, 37, 28, and 25 kDa proteins and superoxide anion (O2-) production of PMNs. The pretreatment of PMNs with genistein caused an inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins, and also markedly depressed O2- production. Among the above proteins, a 145 kDa protein was found to be identical with the protein recognized by the anti-PLC gamma 2 antibody on Western blots. PLC gamma 2 was detected in the cytosol fraction but not in the membrane fraction of resting PMNs, whereas it was detected in both cytosol and membrane fractions of pervanadate treated PMNs. PLC activity of pervanadate treated PMNs was higher than that of resting cells. In addition, the enzyme activity of the cytosol fraction from the former cells was significantly lower than that from the latter cells, whereas the enzyme activity of membrane fraction from the former cells was significantly higher than that from the latter cells. These findings suggest that the tyrosine residue(s) of PLC gamma 2 is phosphorylated and the enzyme is translocated from the cytosol to membrane fractions in PMNs by pervanadate treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A novel method for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparative evaluation of 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability.

The correlation between the degree of sympathetic denervation measured through 123I-MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy and Power Spectral Analysis of consecutive R-R records was investigated in order to evaluate their potential application for the assessment of myocardial autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study comprised 42 patients with Type 2 diabetes. Low frequency (0.02-0.09 Hz) components of the power spectral density were measured as markers of sympathetic activity. The myocardial uptake of 123I-MIBG was measured by using the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and the early and delayed images were recorded. Scoring from 0 to 3 of the 123I-MIBG uptake of various cardiac segments (7) was performed and the total uptake was calculated. The washout rate in the whole myocardium was determined. The values obtained in the group with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) without orthostatic hypotension (OH) were significantly lower as compared to those of the (DAN (-)) group in the delayed images. The washout rate of the OH (-) group was also significantly higher than the DAN (-) group. There was significant difference between the images and the washout rate of OH (+) and OH (-) groups. There was a significant correlation between Power Spectral Analysis and SPECT (early, delayed images, and washout rate). Of these, the delayed image showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Further, the QTc interval showed a significant inverse correlation with the delayed image (r = -0.44, p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy could be a useful method for the assessment of the myocardial autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

Protein C activation in NIDDM patients.

Enhanced activation of the clotting system has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities of the anticoagulant system may constitute a potential trigger factor for the haemostatic activation observed in diabetic subjects. The current study aimed to evaluate anticoagulant activity in diabetic patients by assessing the plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex; and by measuring the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin. This study comprised 61 patients (34 men, 27 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of whom 22 showed microalbuminuria and 39 normoalbuminuria. Data obtained in 31 non-obese and non-diabetic subjects were available for comparison. The plasma levels of fibrinogen (p < 0.02), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (p < 0.05), fibrin monomer (p < 0.0001), protein C antigen (p < 0.005), total protein S antigen (p < 0.02), soluble thrombomodulin (p < 0.005) and soluble E-selectin (p < 0.005) were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in healthy subjects. The plasma level of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex (7.4 +/- 3.8 vs 3.0 +/- 0.4 pmol/l) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin (23.4 +/- 2.6 vs 35.3 +/- 3.0 ng/ml) was markedly lower (p = 0.005) in all diabetic patients than in healthy subjects. Cases with microalbuminuria presented low plasma levels of activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex (5.5 +/- 0.6 vs 8.6 +/- 0.7 pmol/l, p < 0.05) and significantly decreased values of the anticoagulant response to exogenous thrombomodulin (16.5 +/- 2.9 vs 23.4 +/- 2.6%, p = 0.03) as compared to those with normoalbuminuria. The present study suggests that the hyper-coagulable state in NIDDM is associated with an increased activation of protein C but with a poor plasma reactivity to the anticoagulant effect of thrombomodulin.

Adult↗