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Biomedical subjects

Y Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shoji.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Insulin-like growth factor-I, GH, insulin and glucagon concentrations in bovine colostrum and in plasma of dairy cows and neonatal calves around parturition.

1. The IGF-I concentrations in colostrum on days 1 and 2 after parturition were higher than those in cow and neonate plasma. 2. The modest increase in GH concentrations in cow plasma around parturition would not be enough to stimulate IGF-I release by tissues. 3. The concentrations of insulin, GH and glucagon in colostrum were substantially lower than those in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of different kinds of toothbrushes on toothbrushing pressure and plaque removal in the scrubbing method of toothbrushing (5). Toothbrushes with nylon bristles arranged in different lengths along the toothbrush shank and with different types of toothbrush bristle tip].

The purpose of this study (Report 5) was to investigate the effect of difference in the length of toothbrush shank and type of tip of toothbrush bristle on toothbrushing pressure and plaque removal in the scrubbing method. Four kinds of toothbrushes which were different in length of shank (30 mm, 40 mm) and type of bristle tip (round type, tapered type respectively) were used in this study. Referring to the results of our previous reports (1-4), the dimension of new toothbrushes were determined as follows, nylon bristles: 40 mm long and 0.20 mm in diameter, brushing surface: 30 mm long, bristles: 3 rows with 26 tufts, and a straight handle. Twelve subjects participated in this experiment. Plaque scores were measured before and after toothbrushing. Then plaque removal rates were calculated. Toothbrushing pressure was determined using Watanabe's method. The average toothbrushing pressure of the toothbrush with a 40 mm long shank (301.6 +/- 84.1 g/cm2) was higher than that with a 30 mm long shank (294.7 +/- 74.8 g/cm2), and that with a tapered bristle type (316.7 +/- 90.4 g/cm2) was higher than that with a round type bristle (279.6 +/- 61.7 g/cm2). However statistically significant differences were not found among the four toothbrushes in brushing pressure and in plaque removal on total teeth surfaces and on distal surfaces of the most posterior teeth (P less than 0.05; two-way ANOVA).

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1989

[Requirement for radiation shields of transportation pipe for on line inhalation gases from compact cyclotron in positron emission tomography].

In the unit housing of a compact cyclotron and positron emission CT (PET), positron emitting gas such as 15O, 11C, C15O2, C15O etc. is supplied from a cyclotron to a PET room through a transportation pipe with an appropriate shield to reduce positron annihilation radiation. Using lead or concrete shield blocks with various thicknesses, radiation leakage through the shield was measured by an ionization chamber type survey meter during continuous and constant supply of 15O gas of 1.85 GBq/min concentration which is the maximum dose for clinical use. The leakage radiation measured was 213.7, 56.0, 15.3, 5.0 muSv/week for lead shield with 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm thickness, respectively, and 193.3, 30.5 and 5.1 muSv/week for concrete shields with thickness of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively. The present study shows that to keep less than 300 muSv/week, which is the permissible dose rate of the boundary zone around the radiation controlled area by Japan Science and Technology Agency, it is required to use more than 8 mm thick lead shield or 7 cm thick concrete for continuous supply of 1.85 GBq/min 15O gas.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1989

J-pouch: change of a method over years.

Since 1978, J. Utsunomiya has performed total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) in 105 patients and analysed their results in 97 patients consisting of 61 of familial polyposis (FP) and 36 of ulcerative colitis (UC) those who have been observed for two months to 10 years after operation. The operative procedures were classified in the three modalities. I. the "end to end-long cuff", II. "J-pouch-long cuff" and III. "J-pouch-short cuff" procedure. The success rate has been improved to 93.0% in the procedure III. compare with 74.1% in the II and 61.5% in the I. This improvement was achieved by preservation of reservoir continence, reduction of pelvic sepsis and less damaging of the internal sphincter during operation. Through a series of evolutional modification, the surgical technique has been established to the present method which is constructed with the four principal components: direct anastomosis of J-ileal pouch to the anus, short rectal cuff mucosectomy, anoabdominal approach at prone jack-knife position and routine use of defunctioning ileostomy. With this technique, both FP and UC patients enjoyed excellent or good function in 90% of the cases. Sex of the patient did not influence the functional result, but older patients showed poorer results compared with the younger patients. This procedure can provide a function comparable with ileorectal anastomosis with a technical difficulty similar to that of the abdominal pouch. All patients with FP or UC who require colectomy are candidates for IAA unless they are 60 years or older. For UC a three stage surgical procedure of IAA proceeded by open rectal excluding colectomy could improve the result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibody to CAR bacillus.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of CAR bacillus antibody in rat sera was developed by Ganaway et al., in 1985 although the ELISA method was not described in detail. We investigated antigen preparation and test procedures of the ELISA using two strains of CAR bacillus which we isolated from a mouse (CB-M) and a rat (CB-R). Allantoic fluids containing 2.4 X 10(8)/ml of CB-M and 2.0 X 10(8)/ml of CB-R were washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS), resuspended in a 1/5 volume of sterile carbonate buffer (pH 9.8) and sonicated. Then 1/40 and 1/80 dilutions of CB-M and CB-R lysates in PBS, respectively, were used for antigen solutions of ELISA. Briefly, antibodies in sera are reacted with antigens coated on the surface of microtiter plates. The amount of horse radish peroxidase labeled protein-A or anti-rat IgG bound to the antigen-antibody complexes is measured on the spectro photometer at wave length of 492 nm. A total of 180 mouse and 205 rat sera were tested against both antigens. The optical density (OD) values of 140 mouse and 161 rat sera obtained from SPF mice and rats free from CAR bacillus infection were on the average 0.005 and 0.019, respectively. On the other hand, OD values of the sera collected from CB-M or CB-R infected animals ranged from 0.20 to 1.52. According to these results, the cut-off OD value for positive reaction was set at 0.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pathogenicities of two CAR bacillus strains in mice and rats.

Two strains of CAR bacillus from a mouse (CB-M) and a rat (CB-R) which were passaged 11th in embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route were inoculated intranasally in ICR mice and Wistar rats. The histopathological changes and the localization of the CAR bacillus in the tracheas and lungs of these animals were investigated microscopically 2, 4 and 8 weeks postinoculation (PI). Histopathological changes similar to those in natural cases of CAR bacillus infection, showing severe peribronchial lymphoid cuffing, were first recognized 4 weeks PI. CAR bacillus was also found on the cilia of the respiratory epithelium. These histopathological changes were more remarkable in mice inoculated with CB-M and in rats inoculated with CB-R.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Current problems and future perspectives in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy].

The current problems and future perspectives in DDS and targeting therapy for the treatment of cancer patients were reviewed on the basis of the following experimental data obtained in our laboratory. 1) IgG fractions isolated from the serum of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus showed marked accumulation in cancer cells, indicating that certain serum IgGs may be useful as carriers of anticancer agents. 2) Lipid microspheres were also incorporated within cancer cells to enhance the anti-tumor activities of anti-cancer agents. In addition, this material may be applied for prevention of lymph node metastasis because of its lymphotrophic property. 3) Lipid microspheres including non-steroidal analgesics were quite effective for the management of cancerous pain, suggesting its efficacy as a DDS in this direction, besides its usefulness with anti-cancer agents.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

Angiographic difference in coronary artery of man, dog, pig, and monkey.

Comparative morphological studies on the coronary arteries of the left ventricular free wall were carried out on human, dog, pig, and monkey hearts by using postmortem coronary arteriography, soft X-ray photograms, and the clearing method. The results showed that the types of coronary arteries (types I, II, and III) and connecting portion of anastomotic vessels in the pig and monkey hearts closely resembled those in man. Whereas the dog hearts showed the following characteristics: numerous Type III vessels and anastomoses in the epicardial layer, the existence of only the left predominant type of coronary artery, and the supply of blood to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle mostly through a single branch of the coronary artery. Therefore, it is necessary to take into consideration the basic difference in the structure of the coronary arteries of human and dog hearts, when dogs are used experimentally for research of human ischemic heart disease. The fact that only the papillary muscles of the human heart-compared to animal hearts-are supplied blood from two sources may be advantageous to rescue the papillary muscles from ischemic necrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of anti-inflammatory effects of biphenylylacetic acid by its incorporation into lipid microspheres.

Using lipid microspheres (LM), average diameter 0.2 micron, and containing methyl and ethyl esters of biphenylylacetic acid (BPAA) in the carrageenan paw oedema tests in rats, it was found that their anti-inflammatory activities were enhanced 3 to 8 times over that of free BPAA. By electron microscopy, LM were seen to be taken up into the endothelial cells of the blood vessels and macrophages at the inflamed sites. In a study using dogs, after an intravenous injection of BPAA-methyl ester incorporated into LM (lipo-BPAA-Me), lipo-BPAA-Me rapidly disappeared from the blood and the BPAA serum level was gradually elevated. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that part of lipo-BPAA-Me was immediately transferred to the inflamed site and taken up by prostaglandin (PG)-producing cells as macrophages. It is considered that the anti-inflammatory effects of BPAA are enhanced by incorporating it into LM.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of lipid microspheres as a drug carrier for antitumour drugs.

9-Oxo-15-hydroxy-delta 7,10,13-prostatrienoic acid methyl ester (delta 7-PGA1), an antitumour drug was incorporated into lipid microspheres of 0.2 micron diameter (lipo-delta 7-PGA1). In in-vivo experiments, lipo-delta 7-PGA1 had a significantly greater antitumour activity than free delta 7-PGA1 against P388 leukaemia. Lipo-delta 7-PGA1 slightly, but significantly, prolonged the survival time of mice inoculated with L1210 leukaemia, whereas free delta 7-PGA1 did not. Against MM46 ascites tumour, the survival time after treatment with 10 mg kg-1 of lipo-delta 7-PGA1 was significantly greater than that after the same dose of free delta 7-PGA1. The results suggest that lipid microspheres can be used as drug delivery carriers for lipid soluble antitumour agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A new variant of the Es-1 locus in the rat.

A new prealbumin plasma esterase was demonstrated by the use of miniaturized polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis indicated that the new variant is controlled by the Es-1 locus and this gene was designated Es-1c. Among 11 rat strains only one strain, WJ, possessed the gene. Two random-bred stocks, Jcl:Wistar and Jcl:SD, also maintained it in their populations. Miniaturized polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis showed that the ES-1 band consisted of two close bands with the cathodal one staining darker.

Animals↗