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Biomedical subjects

Y Shimosato

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shimosato.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

An autopsy case of ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas was reported. A 65-year-old man, who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy because of advanced gastric carcinoma 6 years previously, died of obstructive jaundice. The autopsy revealed a primary tumor in the head of the pancreas and multiple metastatic foci in the liver, lungs, and regional lymph nodes. Histologically, the pancreatic tumor was moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with well developed cilia. The metastatic tumor also showed similar histology. Histologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor were described in detail and the cytogenesis of ciliated-cell adenocarcinoma was briefly discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

Ribosomal RNA on the surfaces of nonleukemic mouse ascites tumor cells.

RNAs on the cell surfaces of two nonleukemic and two leukemic strains of mouse ascites tumor cells were studied by fractionating the RNAs released from the cell surface by gentle pronase treatment after sucrose density gradient centrifugation, by indirect membrane immunofluorescence that used anti-RNA antibody and by cell electrophoresis. RNA was extracted from the cell supernatants of Ehrlich ascites tumor and sarcoma 180 cells (nonleukemic) that had been treated or not treated with pronase (1 microgram/ml, 37 degrees C, 20 min) followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. It was clearly demonstrated that the amounts of ribosomal RNA (18S and 28S) released after pronase treatment were approximately 80% greater than that of nonpronase-treated cells. Ehrlich ascites tumor cells that had been treated with actinomycin D (100 micrograms/kg body weight of mouse, 16 h) in vivo released an amount of ribosomal RNA after pronase treatment only 20% greater than the value for untreated cells. Actinomycin D treatment greatly reduced both the cell surface negative charge and the cell surface immunofluorescence when rabbit anti-RNA antibody was used. Under the same experimental conditions with actinomycin D, only ribosomal RNA synthesis showed preferential inhibition, not the syntheses of poly A-containing messenger RNA, 4S or other small-size RNAs. In contrast, L1210 and C1498 cells (leukemic) showed no change in the amounts of ribosomal RNA released after pronase treatment. L1210 cells also showed no change in the surface negative charge after being treated with actinomycin D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical study of small cell lung carcinoma; with special reference to the neuroendocrine markers aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and gastrin-releasing peptide.

Forty-seven surgically resected small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) were immunohistochemically studied by using antibodies to various neuroendocrine and epithelial markers. SCLC was shown to be subdivided into two categories, with and without the immunoreactive neuroendocrine markers aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, gastrin-releasing peptide, serotonin, chromogranin A and neurofilament protein. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB), which are also considered to be neuroendocrine markers, had a tendency to be widely distributed in the SCLC with a neuroendocrine marker, but the immunoreactivity for both NSE and CK-BB varied in the SCLC without neuroendocrine markers. Therefore they were not included in the classification. Epithelial markers keratin, involucrin and epithelial membrane antigen were frequently observed in the SCLC with neuroendocrine markers, but less so in the SCLC without neuroendocrine markers. The data are discussed briefly in relation to "classic and variant" forms of SCLC in vitro and to a recently proposed histological classification of SCLC.

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases↗
PubMed1986

The AMeX method. A simplified technique of tissue processing and paraffin embedding with improved preservation of antigens for immunostaining.

A new simplified tissue processing method for immunostaining was devised. Tissues were fixed in acetone at -20 C overnight, then cleared in methyl benzoate and xylene, consecutively, and embedded in ordinary paraffin at 58-60 C. Thin paraffin sections were deparaffinized with xylene, immersed in acetone and then phosphate buffered saline, and immunostained with various monoclonal and conventional antibodies, which have only been used on fresh-frozen or PLP-fixed frozen sections. As with PLP-fixed frozen sections, the following antigens were clearly demonstrated in the tissue sections processed with the present method: T (Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a, Leu-4, OKT3, OKT4, OKT8), B (B1, B2, Leu-14, IgM, IgD) lymphocyte surface markers and other antigens (Leu-7, OKT6, OKT9, OKM1, OKI1, J5, Ki-1, Ki-67, TdT, oncogene Ha-ras P21). Sections prepared by the present method demonstrated much better histologic and cytologic preservation than possible in frozen sections.

Acetone↗
PubMed1986

Amplifications of both c-Ki-ras with a point mutation and c-myc in a primary pancreatic cancer and its metastatic tumors in lymph nodes.

Activated c-Ki-ras with a point mutation (GGT to CGT) at codon 12, resulting in the substitution of arginine for glycine, was found in DNA from metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. By means of restriction endonuclease length polymorphism with SacI digestion, we were able to demonstrate that the same point mutation of c-Ki-ras was present in the primary tumor and in metastases in lymph nodes. DNA from the normal spleen of the patient did not have this type of point mutation. Moreover, amplifications of 3- to 6-fold of the activated c-Ki-ras and 50-fold of c-myc were found in the primary tumor and the metastases in the two lymph nodes, indicating that point mutation had occurred at a relatively early stage of the tumor development, before amplification of the gene. This is the first clear demonstration of amplification of activated c-Ki-ras accompanied by amplification of c-myc in both primary and metastatic human tumors in vivo.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Histologic factors influencing prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Histologic specimens from 61 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed in order to determine prognostic factors of this peculiar neoplasm. After the tumor was reviewed and classified according to several criteria, follow-up information, which was available in 54 cases, was analyzed and compared with each histological subgroup. As for the histologic pattern, the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma with a solid pattern was worse than that without a solid pattern in respect of 5- and 10-year survival rates. However, there was no difference in 15-year survival between the two groups. Tumors with severe cell atypia showed more malignant behavior than those with moderate or mild atypia (p less than 0.001). Increased mitotic activity of more than two cells in mitosis per high power field was also found to be a sign of poor prognosis (p less than 0.001). Presence of perineural invasion was not correlated with the final outcome of the disease. Cell atypia and mitotic activity as well as the histologic pattern should be evaluated for assessing the degree of malignancy of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A case of pneumocytoma (so-called sclerosing hemangioma) with lymph node metastasis.

A case of "sclerosing hemangioma" (pneumocytoma) of the lung with lymph node metastasis is reported. A 22-year-old Japanese man was found to have a well-defined round lesion in the right lung (S7), which increased in size slightly during a 2-year follow-up period. He underwent right lower lobectomy with a preoperative diagnosis of a benign lung tumor. The pulmonary tumor revealed histological features characteristic of "sclerosing hemangioma" of the lung, in addition to which there were many large polygonal foamy cells, forming tubular or papillary structures. These cells were found by electron microscopy to contain numerous cytoplasmic lamellar bodies and showed a positive reaction with anti-surfactant apoprotein antibody immunohistochemically. Therefore, they were considered to be cells differentiating toward type II pneumocytes. Review of 21 typical "sclerosing hemangiomas" disclosed a few or some such foamy cells in 10 cases. A single hilar lymph node was the site of microscopic metastases, which consisted of "large clear foamy cells" and smaller polygonal or round cells with slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, both of which were components of the pulmonary "sclerosing hemangioma." This case supports the theory that "sclerosing hemangioma" is a neoplasm of type II pneumocyte lineage. Although it is said to be benign, rare cases apparently show metastatic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The frequency of papillomavirus infection in cervical precancerous lesions in Japan: an immunoperoxidase study.

In order to establish the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical precancerous lesions of Japanese patients, cervical materials routinely biopsied in the past year were examined immunohistochemically for the papillomavirus genus-specific antigen. Of a total of 832 cervical biopsy specimens, 46 (5.5%) were immunohistochemically positive for HPV. In this study, 206 patients were diagnosed as having dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS), and HPV antigen was found in 15% of these patients. It was found in 13% of patients with mild dysplasia, 28% of those with moderate dysplasia, 17% of those with severe dysplasia and 4.5% of those with CIS. However, HPV antigen was detected only in the epithelium with dysplastic change, not in cancerous areas.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Changes in cell characteristics due to culture conditions in cell lines from human small cell lung cancer.

Eight cultured cell lines were established from human small cell lung cancers. Every cell line showed the morphological and biochemical characteristics of small cell cancer. Changes in cell characteristics were observed in many of these cell lines when culture conditions were changed: "oat cell type" changed to "intermediate cell type" and vice versa when serum-free medium was changed to serum-supplemented medium; a deficiency of vitamin A in the medium caused a change to squamous cells and vice versa; and a tumor promoter (teleocidin B) enhanced the adherence of these cells to the surface of plastic culture dishes. These findings provide evidence that many small cell lung cancer cell lines can change their morphology with changes in the environment of the cells.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1986

A clinico-pathological study of surgical treatment for small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Thirty-seven patients with histologically confirmed small cell carcinoma (SCLC), who underwent surgical resection at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1963 and 1983, were reviewed. They were divided into two groups, 25 patients who were operated on between 1963 to 1979 and 12 who were operated on between 1980 and 1983. When these two groups were compared, a significant difference in 5-year survival was found (8% vs 50%). An accumulation of various factors including adjuvant chemotherapy was considered to contribute to the improvement in survival. After carefully analyzing these factors, we have come to the conclusion that adjuvant chemotherapy was the most important factor among them. An additional six patients with SCLC, who were operated on in 1984 and 1985, were also studied. They were either those who were given an adequate dose of combination chemotherapy before surgical resection or those whose local carcinoma which recurred after complete response was achieved by chemotherapy and/or chest radiation was surgically removed. In two cases, a tumor-like mass which was clearly visible on X-ray film and in the surgeon's hand at the time of thoracotomy revealed a histopathological "cure." In another two cases, tissue diagnosis of SCLC which was obtained without thoracotomy before chemotherapy and/or radiation was started was reported as NSCLC after the resected specimen was histo-pathologically examined. In both of them, the cancer tissue was made up of NSCLC of small cell type. A discrepancy between clinical TNM after treatment and pathological TNM was noted in two cases. Microinvasion and micrometastases, which were the reasons for the discrepancy, are considered to be a core of eventual recurrence following induction of complete response.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Testosterone in infant testis yolk sac tumor indicating a mixture of germ cell and sex cord/stromal elements: a new concept.

The presence of testosterone in yolk sac tumor of the infant testis was investigated immunohistochemically. All 16 cases tested were positive for the hormone. The antigen-positive tumor cells were primitive mesenchymal cells and columnar cells forming small ducts, which resembled Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, respectively. These cells accounted for about 1 to 20% of tumor cells and were intermingled with typical yolk sac structures. In contrast, no yolk sac tumor of adult testis was definitely positive for the antigen. In view of its distinctive histological and immunohistochemical features and clinical behavior, yolk sac tumor in the infant testis is most likely a separate and specific entity, composed of a mixture of germ cell and sex cord stroma derivatives.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Rearrangement of the c-myc gene in two giant cell carcinomas of the lung.

The c-myc oncogene was found to be rearranged in a human cell line of giant cell carcinoma of the lung (C-Lu65) and in a human primary giant cell carcinoma of the lung (LuC38C). The rearrangements in C-Lu65 and LuC38C were in regions about 7.5 kb and 6 kb, respectively, upstream from the transcription initiation site. No rearrangement of the c-myc gene was observed in a non-cancerous portion (LuC38N) of the lung of the patient who carried LuC38C. These results suggest that rearrangement of the c-myc gene may play some role in tumorigenesis of giant cell carcinoma of the lung.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Histologic demonstration of antigens reactive with anti-p21 ras monoclonal antibody (RAP-5) in human stomach cancers.

The immunohistochemical reactivity of RAP-5, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 10-17 of the ras gene product from T24 bladder carcinoma, was studied in 96 surgically resected stomach cancers of humans. The cytoplasm of cancer cells in 65 cases (68%) was positively stained with MoAb RAP-5, although the staining was heterogeneous among cancer cells. There was no definite correlation between depth of tumor invasion and reactivity to MoAb RAP-5. Cancer cells of poorly differentiated tumors showed a tendency to react less frequently and less intensely to MoAb RAP-5. In nontumorous gastric mucosa, parietal cells and some portions of intestinal metaplasia were stained with MoAb RAP-5. These findings suggest an increased expression of the ras gene product (p21) in about two-thirds of gastric adenocarcinomas and in some nonneoplastic gastric epithelial cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

T-zone histiocytes in adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to postoperative prognosis.

Infiltration of T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with the use of anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 40 Stage Ia cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Varying population densities of S100+ T-zone histiocytes were demonstrated in 31 (77.5%) of 40 adenocarcinomas; however, lysozyme+ macrophages were found in almost equal quantities in all cases of adenocarcinoma. The distribution of T-zone histiocytes was clearly different from that of macrophages. Namely, the former was mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were found in the stroma and around necrotic foci. The prognosis of Stage Ia adenocarcinoma cases was related to the density of T-zone histiocytes in tumor tissues. Patients with marked infiltration of T-zone histiocytes survived longer than those without or with only slight infiltration (P less than 0.05). Such relationship was not observed with regard to macrophages. This indicates that T-zone histiocytes infiltrating within the tumor and regional lymph nodes may play a role in host defense mechanisms against tumor in the early stage of adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Early stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Histopathologic analysis with consideration of histogenesis.

Thirty cases of early stage adenocarcinoma, 5 mm or less in depth, were selected from 1942 primary carcinomas of the uterine cervix for histologic analysis to clarify their histogenesis. There were 16 carcinomas of endocervical type, 12 of endometrioid type, and 2 clear cell carcinomas. There were 22 early invasive adenocarcinomas and 8 adenocarcinomas in situ. In 27 cases the carcinoma was adjacent to the transformation zone and in 3 it was separate from it. In 10 cases adenocarcinoma coexisted with in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Only one patient whose tumor was 3 mm in depth developed a pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy. All other patients remained disease-free after treatment by hysterectomy. It is suggested that most adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix originate from endocervical glands adjoining the transformation zone and that they may develop directly from normal-appearing epithelium without passing through adenomatous or dysplastic changes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Bone metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Bone metastasis was observed in 16.1% or in 14 of 87 male autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary tumor within the liver was located in the right lobe in all but one case. There were six patients who first presented with signs attributable to bone metastasis, and lung metastasis subsequently became evident in five of them. These 6 patients lived significantly longer as compared with 8 other patients with bone metastases and 73 patients without. The possible route by which hepatocellular carcinoma cells were carried to the bone is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pancreatic endocrine tumours associated with WDHA syndrome. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

Nine pancreatic endocrine tumours of patients with watery diarrhoea hypokalaemia achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. All cases revealed neoplastic proliferation of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)-immunoreactive (IR) cells. Immunoreactivity to a novel peptide hormone PHM-27, which is processed from a common big precursor peptide of VIP (prepro VIP/PHM-27), was identified in VIP-IR cells of 8 tumours. VIP-PHM-IR cells had secretory granules measuring about 130 to 220 nm in diameter. Radioimmunoassay of tumour tissue extracts showed high VIP and PHM contents in proportional amounts in most cases. According to the results of immunostaining, the 8 tumours fell into two large groups; 5 with PP (pancreatic polypeptide)-IR cells and 3 with CT (calcitonin)-IR cells. The former group demonstrated VIP cells and PP cells intermingled in various proportions, including one tumour in which coexistence of PP-IR and VIP-IR in the same cells was demonstrated. Cell heterogeneity of the tumours and possible relationships of VIP, PP and CT cells were discussed.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗