Effect of some purine metabolites contained in oyster on platelet aggregation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Shibata
Publications and source records attributed to Y Shibata.
Free arachidonic acid source for PGE2 and TXB2 production in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages exposed to insoluble glucan from Streptococcus mutans.
1. Macrophages are an important source of the lipid mediators arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites that are produced during inflammation. 2. Previously, we reported that insoluble glucans from Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque could induce macrophages to secrete PGE2 and TXB2. 3. Studies were undertaken to identify the phospholipid substrates that can serve as a source of AA in macrophages exposed to the insoluble glucan. 4. When macrophage cell prelabelled with [3H]AA, stimulation with insoluble glucan resulted in a loss of label mainly from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). 5. In addition, the PC-, and PI-specific phospholipase A2-mediated mechanisms for AA release may be activated in guinea peritoneal macrophages exposed to the insoluble glucan from S. mutans.
Animals↗
Synthesis of hepatitis B virus e antigen in E. coli.
Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) gene was deleted at some unique restriction enzyme sites, or at random, and inserted into the expression plasmids of E. coli which had the tryptophan promoter. E. coli transformants with the plasmids, synthesized materials with many kinds of antigenicity of HBcAg, HBeAg, or both HBcAg and HBeAg. HBeAg-specific material smaller than native HBeAg was produced in a stable condition.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Effects of blood pressure changes on development and regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: a 26 year longitudinal study.
At the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, medical examinations have been conducted biennially since 1958 on a fixed population of approximately 20,000 individuals. Blood pressure measurements and electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings are available for 6,569 individuals who were monitored for at least 11 of the 13 2 year intervals between 1958 and 1984. Data from 601 individuals who had satisfied the Foundation's ECG diagnostic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy ("Kagan-Yano code") on at least one occasion were reviewed. Both the development and the regression of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy were ascertained in 61 subjects (17 men and 44 women). During the course of development of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension (including borderline cases) was noted in 83.3% of the subjects. The most common pattern of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy development was high voltage, followed by ST-T changes. In about half of these cases, the condition of hypertrophy regression was associated with lowering of blood pressure, marked by the disappearance of high voltage ECG readings.
Blood Pressure↗
Arterialized venous skin flaps for the injured finger.
Seven cases of arterialized venous skin flaps for the treatment of both skin defects in the fingers, and digital arterial defects, are presented. The method involves taking the skin flaps along with a subcutaneous vein from the flexor side of the distal forearm or the dorsal aspect of the foot, and interpositioning the vein in the flap between the missing digital artery, to cover the skin defect as well as to restore blood circulation. The size of the flaps ranged from 1.0 x 1.0 cm to 4.5 x 3.0 cm. Almost complete survival of flaps was achieved in all cases. This method does not sacrifice any portion of the digital artery, and is also an excellent technique for restoring blood circulation and reconstructing skin defects simultaneously.
Adolescent↗
Lymphoepithelial cystic lesion related to adenocarcinoma in the mediastinum.
The authors report here a case of lymphoepithelial cystic lesion (LECL) of unknown origin in the mediastinum, which is closely related to a signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. A 73-year-old man presented with a mass as revealed on a chest x-ray. During surgical operation, a solid, well-circumscribed and encapsulated 9 X 9 X 8 cm tumor was isolated from the right anterior mediastinum. This tumor had neither undergone metastasis nor invaded into the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. Light microscopy revealed the tumor to be a signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. Clinically, the neoplasm was coupled with an elevation in serum CEA level, which promptly returned to normal values following surgical removal. Immunohistochemistry pointed out that the majority of neoplastic cells stained positive for CEA. In addition, LECL of unknown origin was distinguished at the periphery of the tumor. LECL was characterized by microcysts which were lined by columnar epithelial and surrounded by lymphoid tissue with germinal centers. Transition between the neoplastic cells and benign epithelial cells of LECL was evident, showing that the previously mentioned mediastinal adenocarcinoma may be derived from the epithelial elements of LECL. This paper discusses the histogenesis of LECL.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Independent removal of two identical or different introns from mRNA precursors in vitro.
In vitro splicing of 11 different RNA transcripts carrying two introns was performed to determine whether the removal of an intron was dependent on its position or removal of the other intron. The original RNA transcript carried two identical units, each consisting of the first exon-first intron-a major part of the second exon of the human beta-globin gene. Five transcripts carrying a mutation in one of the two introns of the original RNA and one carrying mutations in both introns were prepared. One of the other RNA transcripts had a shorter middle exon than did the original transcript. The remaining three RNAs had at least one shortened form of the human beta-globin second intron. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) There was no obligatory order in the excision of the two identical or different introns, although the 5' proximal intron may be removed more rapidly in some cases. The efficiency of removal of the 5' proximal intron seems to be higher than or similar to that of the distal intron. 2) Excision of a mutated intron was inhibited, but no mutation significantly affected the excision of the other intact intron. 3) Except in an RNA transcript with two mutated introns, significant splicing between exon 1 and exon 3 (exon jumping) did not take place. 4) These results support the proposal that the two introns are basically independent of each other as to their removal.
Chromatography, Gel↗
Immunochemical characterization of an autoantigen on platelet glycoprotein IIb in chronic ITP: comparison with the Baka alloantigen.
Employing an immunoblotting procedure, we have identified and characterized an autoantigen carried on glycoprotein (GP) IIb in a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and have compared the location of the autoantigen with that of the platelet-specific alloantigen Baka. Immunoblots, using the partially purified GP IIb/IIIa complex as the target antigen, indicated that GP IIb alpha carried both the ITP autoantigen and the Baka alloantigen. The ITP plasma contained another antibody against a 100 kD protein (P100), a trace contaminant in the GP IIb/IIIa sample, which is probably a proteolytic fragment of an internal 124 kD protein. After chymotrypsin treatment, the auto- and alloantigen were found to be located on 65 kD fragments detectable under reducing conditions. In addition, immunoblots made after two-dimensional nonreduced-reduced SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) directly demonstrated that both 65 kD fragments had a molecular weight of 80 kD under nonreducing conditions; this provides evidence that these fragments were one and the same, and were derived from GP IIb alpha. Immunoblots of platelets digested in situ with chymotrypsin indicated that the 65 kD fragment of GP IIb alpha was retained by the platelet membrane. We conclude, therefore, that a 65 kD fragment, which represents the membrane side of the chymotrypsin cleavage site on GP IIb alpha, carries a clinically important determinant(s) recognized not only by the anti-Baka alloantibody, but also by the ITP autoantibody.
Adult↗
Delivery of lectin-labeled membrane to the trans-Golgi network and secretory granules in cultured atrial myocytes.
To examine whether and how internalized plasma membrane components are routed to the compartment of the biosynthetic-exocytic pathway in cultured atrial myocytes, the plasma membrane labeled with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was traced electron microscopically by cytochemical detection of HRP. The WGA-HRP label was internalized via a coated pit-small vesicle pathway and reached vacuoles and endosomes by 3 min. Labeled endosomes comprised vacuoles and tubular elements containing reaction product. By 15 min, similar tubular structures containing reaction product accumulated in the area of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The labeled TGN consisted of interconnected tubular elements, which often connected to atrial granules containing reaction product. In contrast, neither native HRP nor Lucifer Yellow reached Golgi elements or atrial granules. These results suggest that a proportion of the plasma membrane labeled with WGA-HRP is delivered to endosomes, from which tubules might bud off to transfer the tracer molecules to the TGN, where the lectin conjugate and associated membranes are packaged into atrial granules.
Animals↗
[Effects of scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and bacterial flora in periodontal pockets. 1. Changes in clinical parameters and subgingival bacterial flora after treatment].
The purpose of this study was to clinically and microbiologically evaluate the effects of supragingival plaque control, scaling and root planing on periodontal therapy. Six patients affected with moderate or severe periodontitis were selected. The clinical status of each patient was recorded with such clinical parameters as probing pocket depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), suppurative index (SI), and mobility (Mo). After the patients had learned to perform their own oral prophylaxis, they were treated by scaling and root planing. Microbiological status was assessed by phase contrast microscopy and bacterial forms were classified into following six groups: coccoid cells, rods, filaments, fusiforms, motile rods, spirochetes. The number and the relative proportion of each group were compared statistically. Clinical and microbiological status from baseline to 5 months after scaling and root planing were re-examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The most significant change in clinical and microbiological status was observed one month after scaling and root planing. In particular, the total number of the microorganisms and the number and relative proportion of motile organisms were reduced. 2. Thereafter clinical and microbiological status was maintained during experimental period by means of supragingival plaque control.
Dental Plaque↗
[Effects of scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and bacterial flora in periodontal pockets. 2. Correlation between decrease of probing pocket depth and pretreatment status].
Scaling and root planing is one of the most fundamental and effective procedures in periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate statistically whether clinical or microbiological parameters before treatment are related to changes in probing pocket depth (PD). Two kinds of numerical values represented changes in PD. One was pocket difference (A-B: A; PD before the treatment and B; PD after treatment) and the other was rate of pocket decrase [(A-B)/A x 100]. Twenty four sites in six patients with periodontal pockets deeper than 4 mm were selected for this study. Clinical parameters such as PD, probing attachment level (PAL), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, gingival bleeding index (GBI) and suppurative index (SI) were recorded at each site. Subgingival plaques sampled at the same site were evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Of all the clinical parameters changes in PD were most positively correlated with PD before treatment. 2. The microbiological approach revealed that total bacterial count divided by PD value was more negatively correlated with changes in PD than total bacterial number. It was further, revealed that numbers of rods and motile bacteria were more closely correlated with changes in PD than the counts of bacterial groups. At sites where coccoid cells were relatively dominant, PD tended to decrease readily. Motile bacteria, on the other hand, exhibited just the opposite relationship. These results suggest that periodontal treatment should be more effective in periodontal pockets harboring both smaller numbers of rods and motile bacteria.
Dental Scaling↗
Gastric lesions induced by kainic acid injection into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in rats.
Kainic acid injection into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN) induced lesions in the glandular stomach of rats. A decrease in mucus production seemed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the kainic acid-induced gastric lesions. On the other hand, by means of horseradish peroxidase tracing method, the original cells projecting to the DMN were identified in the central nucleus of the amygdala, several hypothalamic nuclei and the insular cortex. Considering that kainic acid is a long-acting neuronal excitant, it was suggested that the continual stimulation of DMN neurons facilitated gastric ulcer formation.
Animals↗
Kynurenine metabolism and xanthurenic acid formation in vitamin B6-deficient rat after tryptophan injection.
Normal and vitamin B6-deficient rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/100g of body wt, and the contents of metabolites in kidney or plasma and the related enzyme activities in kidney were determined. The contents of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine in B6-deficient rat plasma and kidney were much higher than those in normal rat. The changes of those contents in plasma were parallel to those in kidney, but not in liver. The contents of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid in B6-deficient liver, plasma, and kidney were also much higher than those in normal rats. However, the changes of those contents in plasma were parallel to those in liver, but not in kidney. Xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid accumulated to a much greater extent in kidney than in plasma and liver. Kidney kynureninase activity was very low, but kynurenine aminotransferase activities were very high. These observations indicated that the production of xanthurenic acid after tryptophan injection was favorable in B6-deficient kidney with respect to enzyme activities and substrate concentrations, and suggested that kidney took up kynurenine or 3-hydroxykynurenine from blood and after conversion of them it excreted xanthurenic or kynurenic acid into urine.
Animals↗
[Comparative studies on an autoantigen in ITP and the Baka alloantigen on platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb].
Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb carries not only the Baka alloantigen but also an autoantigen in some patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We previously reported one ITP patient (RY) with anti-GPIIb autoantibody in her plasma. In this report, we investigated whether the epitope of the autoantigen on GPIIb (case RY) is identical to that of the Baka alloantigen or not. The anti-Baka antibody used in this study was obtained from a mother with a child suffering from neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura as reported by Okada et al. Immunoblotting showed that the anti-Baka antibody bound to GPIIb from Baka-positive platelets only. In contrast, the anti-GPIIb autoantibody in RY plasma bound to GPIIb, irrespective of Baka phenotype. In addition, after neuraminidase treatment of GPIIb on nitrocellulose paper, the anti-Baka antibody failed to bind to Baka-positive GPIIb, while the autoantibody still bound to GPIIb. From these data, we conclude that the epitope of the autoantigen in RY patient is different from that of the Baka alloantigen.
Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
[Effect of diglyceride on phospholipase A2 activities in plasma membrane of guinea pig peritoneal macrophases].
The AA release from phospholipids is believed to be controlled by the activation of phospholipase A2 which are probably localized in the plasma membranes. And the considerable interest has been focused on the study of cells of the immune system including macrophages which metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotriens. Recently, it has been reported that phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover plays an important role in the response to external stimuli in these cells. PI turnover has been accepted as being initiated by the hydrolysis of PI which is catalyzed by the phospholipase C and produced AA. Recently, we demonstrated that PI-specific phospholipase A2 in macrophage plasma membrane directly acted for AA release from PI. On the other hand, diglyceride, which is produced from PI by phospholipase C activation, is known to regulate the several cell functions with a protein kinase C activation. In this report, we examined the effect of diglyceride on phospholipase A2 activities in macrophage plasma membrane. PI-phospholipase A2 and PC-phospholipase A2 activities were stimulated by the addition of diglyceride. In contrast, PE-phospholipase A2 was not affected by diglyceride addition. The results suggested that phospholipase A2 activation was occurred with coupling the diglyceride production via the phospholipase C pathway.
Arachidonic Acid↗
Two pathways for inducing interleukin 2 production in MOLT 16 cells, a human leukemic T-cell line: interleukin 1 pathway and interleukin 1-independent pathway.
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated MOLT 16 cells (a human leukemic T cell line, at a concentration of 2 x 10(6) cells/ml) secreted 6 U/ml of interleukin 2 (IL 2) into the culture supernatant during 24 h culture. When interleukin 1 (IL 1) (5 U/ml) or IL 1-producing cells such as human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-transformed T cell line, C5/MJ, and myelomonocytic cell line, THP-1-O, were added to the MOLT 16 culture at a concentration of 4 x 10(5) cells/ml, far greater IL 2 production (greater than 65 U/ml) was observed. The activity of soluble IL 1 and membrane-associated IL 1 produced by these accessory (A) cells was completely neutralized by the treatment with anti-human IL 1 antibody. In sharp contrast, MOLT 16 cells co-cultured with BALL-1 cells (a human leukemic B cell line) resulted in comparable increases in IL 2 production (175 U/ml), although no IL 1 or IL 1-like activity was detected either in the supernatants or in the cell lysates of BALL-1 cells. An augmentation of IL 2 production was also induced with paraformaldehyde-fixed BALL-1 cells, and this augmentation could not be inhibited by anti-human IL 1 antibody. These data indicate that MOLT 16 provides a model for determining pathways for activating T cells leading to IL 2 production in response to mitogens. Two pathways have been described in the report: one involving secreted or membrane-associated IL 1, and a second independent pathway which involves contact of surface membranes in the presence of PHA.
Antigens, Surface↗
The cytoplasmic surface structures of uncoated vesicles in various tissues of rat as revealed by quick-freeze, deep-etching replicas.
We examined the cytoplasmic surface structures of the plasmalemmal vesicles in various tissues using quick-freeze, deep-etching replicas, and identified three types of cytoplasmic surface specializations. In addition to the baskets of clathrin-coated vesicles, stripe-surfaced and bumpy-surfaced vesicles could be identified. The striped patterns were clearly observed on the vesicles in endothelial cells and fibroblasts of various tissues, while in epithelial cells such as hepatocytes, renal proximal tubule cells, and superficial cells of the urinary bladder, instead of the striped patterns, rough-surfaced vesicles could be identified. These differences in 'uncoated' vesicles may suggest that there is the tissue specificity of the cytoplasmic surface structures of plasmalemmal vesicles.
Animals↗
[Gastric ulcer formation induced by kainic acid injection into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN) and identification of the neuronal input to the DMN in rats].
Parasympathetic preganglionic cells innervating the stomach are located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN) in the medulla. The present experiments were carried out to elucidate that the long-lasting excitation of DMN neurons by kainic acid, a long-acting neuronal excitant, induced gastric ulcers and to identify the input neuronal systems projecting to the DMN by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method in rats. Twenty four hours after kainic acid injection into the DMN, gastric ulcerative lesions were induced in 12 out of 14 rats. The ulcer index in experimental group, 10.2 +/- 6.5 mm, was significantly higher than that in the control group, 0.5 +/- 1.0. Mucus content in gastric mucosa was significantly lower than that of the control group. Fourty four hours after HRP injection into the DMN, HRP labeled cells were distributed from medulla to cortex, especially in medullary reticular formation, interpositis cerebellar nucleus, several hypothalamic nuclei, central amygdala nucleus and insular cortex. These results suggest that long-lasting excitation of DMN neurons facilitate gastric ulcer formation and that a decrease in mucus content in gastric mucosa plays an important role in the process of gastric ulcer formation by kainic acid injection into the DMN. Since the cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus has been shown to be closely associated with emotion and stress, it could be speculated that emotional changes and stress might induce the changes of excitability of DMN neurons via higher order neuronal systems.
Animals↗