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Biomedical subjects

Y Shi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shi.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The reaction pathway of the isomerization of D-xylose catalyzed by the enzyme D-xylose isomerase: a theoretical study.

Different pathways of the metal-induced isomerization of D-xylose to D-xylulose are investigated and compared in detail using energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulation. Two theoretical models are constructed for the reaction: in vacuum and in the enzyme D-xylose isomerase. The vacuum model is constructed based on the X-ray structure of the active site of D-xylose isomerase. It contains the atoms directly involved in the reaction and is studied using a semi-empirical molecular orbital method (PM3). The model in the enzyme includes the effects of the enzyme environment on the reaction using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential. For both models, the structures of the reactants, products, and intermediate complexes along the isomerization pathway are optimized. The effects of the position of the "catalytic Mg2+ ion" on the energies of the reactions are studied. The results indicate: 1) in vacuum, the isomerization reaction is favored when the catalytic metal cation is at site A, which is remote from the substrate; 2) in the enzyme, the catalytic metal cation, starting from site A, moves and stays at site B, which is close to the substrate; analysis of the charge redistribution of the active site during the catalytic process shows that the metal ion acts as a Lewis acid to polarize the substrate and catalyze the hydride shift; these results are consistent with previous experimental observations; and 3) Lys183 plays an important role in the isomerization reaction. The epsilon-NH3+ group of its side chain can provide a proton to the carboxide ion of the substrate to form a hydroxyl group after the hydride shift step. This role of Lys183 has not been suggested before. Based on our calculations, we believe that this is a reasonable mechanism and consistent with site-directed mutation experiments.

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
PubMed1997

Wound healing around and within saphenous vein bypass grafts.

BACKGROUND: Myofibroblasts are a prominent cell type in wound healing. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which myofibroblasts contribute to structural changes in saphenous vein bypass grafts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control veins and reversed saphenous vein bypass conduits of porcine carotid arteries were examined 2 to 4, 7 to 14, and 30 to 90 days after surgery with immunohistochemical markers of cellular proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), cytoskeletal protein production (alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin), and histochemistry (Verhoeff's stain). Control veins demonstrated an extremely low level of cellular proliferation and no evidence of myofibroblasts in the adventitia, media, or intima. After bypass grafting, cellular proliferation was followed by myofibroblast formation, which occurred in the perivascular area and within the media. This was evidenced by a dense, but transient, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and a variable expression of desmin at 1 to 2 weeks, and with a significant increase in collagenous tissue by 1 to 3 months. Major cytoskeletal protein changes also occurred in the intima, with the appearance of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive cells at 7 to 14 days. alpha-Smooth muscle actin was still present in the neointima at 1 to 3 months, which is compatible with a persistent myofibroblast formation. CONCLUSION: Myofibroblast formation occurs around and within saphenous veins after bypass grafting. This phenomenon is associated with significant remodeling of the vein grafts. The histologic changes are strikingly similar to events that occur during wound healing and may have implications for the development of neointimal hyperplasia and late vein graft disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of interaural intensity and time disparity on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Monaural and binaural 11/s, 65 dB pe SPL clicks with interaural time and intensity disparities known to affect central auditory processing were used to study contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in 10 subjects (20 ears). Psychophysical assessment of sound lateralization induced by the same stimuli was also conducted. TEOAEs were recorded to monaural (ipsilateral to the OAE recording probe) and to binaural clicks when clicks to the contralateral ear were synchronous and symmetrical in intensity, or, in the binaural intensity disparity conditions, synchronous but 10 dB higher or 10 dB lower in the ear contralateral to the OAE recording probe. When interaural time disparities were studied, the clicks to the contralateral ear were of the same intensity throughout, but 400 micros earlier or 400 micros later than to the ear with the probe. The TEOAE components at 13-15.8 ms showed suppression, relative to monaural responses, under all binaural conditions. This contralateral suppression did not correlate with the psychophysical findings. Suppression effects were more pronounced with binaural disparity than with binaurally symmetrical clicks. Thus, although contralateral click intensity was the same with time disparities, suppression was paradoxically enhanced compared to the binaurally symmetrical stimulation. To explain these results we propose that two factors are involved in TEOAE suppression with binaural clicks: (1) contralateral intensity and (2) interaural disparity (time or intensity). The latency of the suppressions observed, the effect of interaural disparity on these suppressions, coupled with the anatomical origin of the crossed efferent fibers and the disparity sensitivity of the superior olivary complex (SOC), all suggest SOC involvement in these TEOAE suppressions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1.

A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H2 in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO2 (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H2 was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and 13C-NMR and 14C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO2 reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H2. This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H2 production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts.

Acetates↗
PubMed1997

Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: efficacy, tolerability and safety compared to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of valsartan to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lisinopril, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. DESIGN: A total of 734 men and women were randomised in this multicentre, double-blind, optional titration, parallel group trial. Volunteers received valsartan 80 mg (n = 364), lisinopril 10 mg (n = 187) or placebo (n = 183) daily for 4 weeks, with subsequent titration of dose depending on response to treatment (valsartan 80 mg titrated to valsartan 160 mg once daily or valsartan 80 mg twice daily, lisinopril 10 mg titrated to lisonopril 20 mg once daily). Patients were assessed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary variable was change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP). Other efficacy variables included sitting systolic blood pressure (SSBP) and percentage of 'successful' responders (SDBP <90 mm Hg or > or =10 mm Hg reduction from baseline). RESULTS: All active treatment groups were shown to demonstrate significant reductions in SDBP compared to placebo at endpoint of therapy (least mean square reduction from baseline: valsartan 80/160 mg: -5.25 mm Hg (Cl -7.17, -3.34, P< 0.001); valsartan 80/80 mg twice daily: -5.63 mm Hg (Cl -7.51, -3.75, P< 0.001); lisinopril 10/20 mg: -6.93 mm Hg, (Cl -8.81, -5.05, P< 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the active treatment groups at endpoint of therapy. In patients requiring titration to a higher dose (placebo n = 142, valsartan 80/80 twice daily n = 124, valsartan 80/160 n = 114, lisinopril 10/20 n = 120), there were no significant treatment differences between valsartan 160 mg given as a single daily dose or as 80 mg twice daily (P = 0.658). Both valsartan and lisinopril produced similarly high percentages of 'successful' responders at endpoint of therapy. A somewhat higher frequency of drug related cough was observed in lisinopril treated patients (8%) compared to valsartan (1.1%) or placebo (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Valsartan 80 mg daily, with titration to 160 mg daily as required, provides similar antihypertensive efficacy to lisinopril 10 mg daily with titration to 20 mg daily. Valsartan provides a new antihypertensive agent with comparable efficacy to lisinopril and appears to be associated with a reduced incidence of cough.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

International differences in approaches to 131I therapy for Graves' disease: case selection and restrictions recommended to patients in Japan, Korea, and China.

Members of the American Thyroid Association (ATA), European Thyroid Association (ETA), Japan Thyroid Association (JTA), Korean Thyroid Association (KTA), and Chinese Thyroid Association (CTA) were surveyed independently through an identical questionnaire on their management of Graves' disease. One of the major purposes of the survey was to determine how expert thyroidologists in different regions of the world use three different therapies available for a typical Graves' patient as well as for clinical variations provided. In this report, we summarized, contrasted, and interpreted the results of the surveys in three Asian countries by focusing on therapeutic preference of radioiodine. For the index patient with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease, radioiodine was the therapy of choice for 69% of ATA respondents but only 22%, 22%, 11%, and 11% of ETA, CTA, JTA, and KTA respondents, respectively. The goal of radioiodine therapy in Asian countries was to restore the euthyroid state. For the case of recurrence after surgery, there was consensus on choosing radioiodine among all countries surveyed. To interpret the reluctance to advocate radioiodine therapy for a typical Graves' patient in Japan, a new survey concerning the current trends in radioiodine therapy in Japan was conducted among clinical members of the JTA. The phobia of radiation and stringent safety rules for radioactive pharmaceuticals were the two major reasons found. Nevertheless, the percentage of JTA respondents who aim for the euthyroid of hypothyroid state by radioiodine therapy for typical Graves' significantly increased compared with respondents to the former survey in 1988. Moreover, a considerable number of JTA members believe that more radioiodine therapy should be applied for achievement of the rapid improvement of hyperthyroidism, for convenience, and for medical cost benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antagonism of suxamethonium-induced jaw muscle contracture in rats.

Masseter muscle rigidity (MMR) induced during general anaesthesia by suxamethonium is a clinical problem that may interfere with tracheal intubation. We have investigated the relation between twitch tension and contracture response to suxamethonium in rats. Rats were anaesthetized with 1% halothane (1.35 MAC). Jaw muscle temperature was maintained at either 37 or 41 degrees C while rectal temperature was kept at 37 degrees C by radiant heat. Twitch tension was produced by nerve stimulation at 0.2 Hz. Rats were pretreated with either a low dose of vecuronium (0.03 mg kg-1) or dantrolene (0.8 mg kg-1). Thereafter suxamethonium 750 micrograms kg-1 was administrated i.v. Low-dose vecuronium pretreatment significantly (90%) decreased suxamethonium-induced jaw muscle contracture (JMC) with minimal (3%) twitch block during local hyperthermia. Low-dose dantrolene pretreatment also reduced JMC (81% at 37 degrees C and 82% at 41 degrees C) while decreasing twitch by 30% at 37 degrees C and 31% at 41 degrees C. Both vecuronium and dantrolene at doses that minimally depressed the twitch response antagonized suxamethonium-induced JMC. We speculate that pretreatment with low-dose vecuronium decreases suxamethonium-induced MMR clinically.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cyclosporin A but not FK506 inhibits thyroid hormone-induced apoptosis in tadpole intestinal epithelium.

Amphibian metamorphosis and mammalian T cell development represent two of the best known systems where developmental programmed cell death through apoptosis takes place. Two immunosuppressants, cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506, have been demonstrated to inhibit activation-induced cell death in immature T cells and T cell hybridomas. In this study, we have established an in vitro system in which isolated primary tadpole intestinal epithelial cells undergo typical apoptosis upon treatment with thyroid hormone (T3), the causative agent of metamorphosis. It is surprising that this T3-induced apoptosis was found to be inhibited only by CsA but not by FK506, whereas both immunosuppressants block activation-induced apoptosis in T cells. Since T3 exerts its effect primarily by regulating gene transcription through direct binding to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, our results strongly suggest that except for their similarity in the T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction process, CsA, but not FK506, also blocks another yet-unidentified step during the induction of apoptosis. The identification of this novel function of CsA may provide an important clue toward the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis and helps in designing better clinical applications of the immunosuppressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Competition for cellulose among three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria under substrate-excess and substrate-limited conditions.

Three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, and Ruminococcus albus 7) were grown in different binary combinations to determine the outcome of competition in either cellulose-excess batch culture or in cellulose-limited continuous culture. Relative populations of each species were estimated by using signature membrane-associated fatty acids and/or 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Both F. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens coexisted in cellulose-excess batch culture with similar population sizes (58 and 42%, respectively; standard error, 12%). By contrast, under cellulose limitation R. flavefaciens predominated (> 96% of total cell mass) in coculture with F. succinogenes, regardless of whether the two strains were inoculated simultaneously or whether R. flavefaciens was inoculated into an established culture of F. succinogenes. The predominance of R. flavefaciens over F. succinogenes under cellulose limitation is in accord with the former's more rapid adherence to cellulose and its higher affinity for cellodextrin products of cellulose hydrolysis. In batch cocultures of F. succinogenes and R. albus, the populations of the two species were similar. However, under cellulose limitation, F. succinogenes was the predominant strain (approximately 80% of cell mass) in cultures simultaneously coinoculated with R. albus. The results from batch cocultures of R. flavefaciens and R. albus were not consistent within or among trials: some experiments yielded monocultures of R. albus (suggesting production of an inhibitory agent by R. albus), while others contained substantial populations of both species. Under cellulose limitation, R. flavefaciens predominated over R. albus (85 and 15%, respectively), as would be expected by the former's greater adherence to cellulose. The retention of R. albus in the cellulose-limited coculture may result from a combination of its ability to utilize glucose (which is not utilizable by R. flavefaciens), its demonstrated ability to adapt under selective pressure in the chemostat to utilization of lower concentrations of cellobiose, a major product of cellulose hydrolysis, and its possible production of an inhibitory agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Competition for cellobiose among three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria under substrate-excess and substrate-limited conditions.

The ruminal cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 coexisted in substrate-excess coculture with about equal population size, but R. flavefaciens outcompeted F. succinogenes for cellobiose in the substrate-limited cocultures whether the two strains were coinoculated or a steady-state culture of F. succinogenes was challenged by R. flavefaciens. This outcome of competition between these two strains is due to a classical pure and simple competition mechanism based on affinity for cellobiose. Although the population size of F. succinogenes was much higher (> 70%) than that of another cellulolytic species, Ruminococcus albus 7 in substrate-excess coculture, F. succinogenes was replaced by a population of R. albus in the substrate-limited coculture in both coinoculation and challenge experiments. R albus outcompeted F. succinogenes, apparently due to selection in the chemostat of a population of R. albus with a higher affinity for cellobiose. R. albus also outcompeted R. flavefaciens under substrate-limited conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Suppression of grp78 core promoter element-mediated stress induction by the dbpA and dbpB (YB-1) cold shock domain proteins.

The highly conserved grp78 core promoter element plays an important role in the induction of grp78 under diverse stress signals. Previous studies have established a functional region in the 3' half of the core (stress-inducible change region [SICR]) which exhibits stress-inducible changes in stressed nuclei. The human transcription factor YY1 is shown to bind the SICR and transactivate the core element under stress conditions. Here we report that expression library screening with the core element has identified two new core binding proteins, YB-1 and dbpA. Both proteins belong to the Y-box family of proteins characterized by an evolutionarily conserved DNA binding motif, the cold shock domain (CSD). In contrast to YY1, which binds only double-stranded SICR, the Y-box/CSD proteins much prefer the lower strand of the SICR. The Y-box proteins can repress the inducibility of the grp78 core element mediated by treatment of cells with A23187, thapsigargin, and tunicamycin. In gel shift assays, YY1 binding to the core element is inhibited by either YB-1 or dbpA. A yeast interaction trap screen using LexA-YY1 as a bait and a HeLa cell cDNA-acid patch fusion library identified YB-1 as a YY1-interacting protein. In cotransfection experiments, the Y-box proteins antagonize the YY1-mediated enhancement of transcription directed by the grp78 core in stressed cells. Thus, the CSD proteins may be part of the stress signal transduction mechanism in the mammalian system.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Multiple mechanisms of transcriptional repression by YY1.

The four C-terminal GLI-Krüppel type zinc fingers of YY1 have been identified as a transcriptional repression domain. Previous reports have proposed DNA-bending and activator-quenching mechanisms for this zinc finger-mediated repression. In addition, previous work indicated that p300 and CBP might be involved in YY1-mediated repression. We have analyzed these possible models for the zinc finger-mediated repression. The role of each zinc finger in the repression and DNA-binding functions was determined by using a structure-and-function approach. We show that zinc finger 2 of YY1 plays a central role in both DNA binding and transcriptional repression. However, a survey of a panel of YY1 mutants indicates that these two functions can be separated, which argues against the DNA-bending model for repression. We show that the physical interaction between YY1 and p300, a coactivator for CREB, is not sufficient for repression of CREB-mediated transcription. Our studies indicate that YY1 functions as an activator-specific repressor. Repression of CTF-1-directed transcription may be accomplished through direct physical interaction between YY1 and this activator. In contrast, physical interaction is not necessary for YY1 to repress Sp1- and CREB-mediated transcription. Rather, the repression likely reflects an ability of YY1 to interfere with communication between these activators and their targets within the general transcription machinery. Taken together, our results suggest that YY1 employs multiple mechanisms to achieve activator-specific repression.

CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Expression and function of the leucine zipper protein Par-4 in apoptosis.

The prostate apoptosis response-4 (par-4) gene was identified by differential screening for genes that are upregulated when prostate cancer cells are induced to undergo apoptosis. The par-4 gene is induced by apoptotic signals but not by growth-arresting, necrotic, or growth-stimulatory signals. The deduced amino acid sequence of par-4 predicts a protein with a leucine zipper domain at its carboxy terminus. We have recently shown that the Par-4 protein binds, via its leucine zipper domain, to the zinc finger domain of Wilms' tumor protein WT1 (R. W. Johnstone et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6945-6956, 1996). In experiments aimed at determining the functional role of par-4 in apoptosis, an antisense par-4 oligomer abrogated par-4 expression and activator-driven apoptosis in rat prostate cancer cell line AT-3, suggesting that par-4 is required for apoptosis in these cells. Consistent with a functional role for par-4 in apoptosis, ectopic overexpression of par-4 in prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and melanoma cell line A375-C6 conferred supersensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Transfection studies with deletion mutants of Par-4 revealed that full-length Par-4, but not mutants that lacked the leucine zipper domain of Par-4, conferred enhanced sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Most importantly, ectopic coexpression of the leucine zipper domain of Par-4 inhibited the ability of Par-4 to enhance apoptosis. Finally, ectopic expression of WT1 attenuated apoptosis, and coexpression of Par-4 but not a leucine zipperless mutant of Par-4 rescued the cells from the antiapoptotic effect of WT1. These findings suggest that the leucine zipper domain is required for the Par-4 protein to function in apoptosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Vascular myofibroblasts. Lessons from coronary repair and remodeling.

Recent findings demonstrate that adventitial fibroblasts (i.e., nonmuscle cells) are endowed with several characteristics previously attributed to medial SM cells. The response of the coronary artery to balloon angioplasty is associated with the activation of adventitial cells in a porcine model. They appear to be the most reactive in the arterial wall, as reflected by the extent of proliferation and the synthesis of collagen. Differentiation of adventitial cells, which acquire alpha-SM actin, illustrates the formation of vascular myofibroblasts, a ubiquitous cellular mechanism of tissue repair. Myofibroblasts are involved in remodeling of the adventitia and may contribute to the formation of the neointima after balloon-induced coronary injury. These findings suggest that at least some synthetic SM-like cells present in intimal lesions may originate from medial or adventitial nonmuscle cells. Myofibroblasts also appear to play a role in other cardiovascular abnormalities (e.g., vein graft remodeling), which raises the possibility of targeted therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

ABR and DPOAE detection of cochlear damage by gentamicin.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) have been applied to the evaluation of peripheral auditory function. To date, no comparison of their relative sensitivities to aminoglycoside toxicity has been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare click evoked ABR testing and 2f1-f2 DPOAEs as detectors of cochlear damage induced by gentamicin treatment in guinea-pigs. ABR thresholds to click stimuli were recorded. DPOAE amplitude input/output functions were recorded using three different primary tone level conditions. In one condition, L1 was changed relative to a fixed L2. In the next condition, L2 was changed relative to a fixed L1. In the third condition, L1 and L2 were both changed while maintaining a consistent L1-L2 difference. Baseline L1-L2 differences were determined by adjusting L2 to produce the maximum DPOAE amplitude in each ear of each subject. Guinea-pigs were treated for a four week period with intramuscular injections of gentamicin. ABRs and DPOAEs were monitored and compared to baseline recordings or untreated control groups. DPOAE testing detected cochlear damage earlier than ABR testing. Changes in DPOAE input/output functions were noted after two weeks of treatment while changes in ABR threshold were not identified until after three weeks of treatment. The sensitivity of the DPOAE testing was related to the stimulus conditions utilized. L1-L2 differences were determined in the control group and for the initial test session by fixing L1 at 75 dB SPL and lowering L2 until the maximum DPOAE amplitude was obtained for each ear. All subsequent testing was begun using the optimal L1-L2 difference for each ear. The stimulus condition in which only L1 was changed and L2 was fixed resulted in the least sensitive DPOAE indicator of cochlear damage. The condition in which both L1 and L2 were changed, but the L1-L2 difference remained constant, resulted in the most sensitive indicator of damage. The onset and degree of cochlear damage secondary to gentamicin treatment was subject dependent. This study demonstrates that 2f1-f2 DPOAE testing is preferable to click evoked ABR testing for early detection of gentamicin toxicity of the cochlea. It also indicates that DPOAE stimulus parameters must be considered when developing test protocols. Specifically, recording the DPOAE amplitude input/output function while maintaining an effective L1-L2 difference is preferable to changing either L1 or L2 individually.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

[Distribution of fibronectin in kidney of IgA nephropathy and its clinicopathological correlation].

To understand of fibronectin (Fn) distribution in kidney of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and their meaning, we studied 107 cases of IgAN. Strong positive staining of Fn was shown in mesangial areas with proliferation, crescents, segmental sclerosis, and sclerosing glomeruli. 33 patients (group M) had Fn distributed only in mesangium, and 74 (group B) had Fn along the capillary walls as well as mesangium. Compared with those in group M, patients in group B showed more severe renal histological lesions (P < 0.01), crescent formation and stronger staining of IgG, C3 (P < 0.05) and IgA (P < 0.01) along the capillary walls. More severe changes of GBM were found in group B under electron microscopy. Clinically, 24th protein excretion (P < 0.01), incidences of hypertension and nonselective proteinuria were significantly higher (0.01 < P < 0.05), and Ccr was lower (0.01 < P < 0.05) in group B. 44 patients were followed up for 19.2 months, and the incidence of renal function deterioration in group B increased much more (0.01 < P < 0.05) than that in group M. Our results dmonstrated that the increase of Fn along the golmerular capillary walls might reflect that excessive proliferation of mesangial matrix, severe immune injury in capillary wall and damage of GBM, which are correlated with unfavorable clinical features and progression of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Antibacterial activity in vitro and clinical use of sulperazon].

In order to approach antibacterial activity in vitro and the efficacy of Sulperazon (SPZ) (sulbactam/cefoperazone), the sensitivity tests of 1,372 strains from clinical isolated bacteria to 17 antibiotics including SPZ were determined. The Gram negative bacteria occupied 1,035 strains (75.4) and Gram positive 337 strains (24.6%). 50 episodes of infections of major respiratory system in 43 patients were treated by SPZ. 58% of bacterial infections occurred in hematologic malignant diseases and solid tumors patients. 24% of 50 episodes were in neutropenia status. The positive rate of bac-terial cluteres was 56% in the series. 1.0-2.0 g SPZ was administered twice a day for 5-18 days, 56% of them was more than seven days (28/50 episodes). The results of susceptibility tests showed that sensitive rates were most high and the nesistant rates of SPZ were lower than these of to common Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria in third-generation cephalosporins. The efficacy rate of SPZ in clinical use was 84% (42/50 episodes), bacterial clearance rate was 89% (25/28 episodes). Three cases (6%) had temporary elevation and other adverse reactions of SPZ were not seen.

Adolescent↗