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Biomedical subjects

Y Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakai.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Clinical features and viral markers in patients with chronic hepatitis positive for both HBs antigen and anti-C-100 antibody].

Among 612 patients with chronic hepatitis type B, 24 patients tested positive for anti-C-100 antibody. Clinical features and viral markers of these 24 patients were studied. Anti-C-100 antibody was detected more often in patients negative for HBe antigen than those positive for this antigen (22/385 vs. 2/227 [P less than 0.01]). HCV RNA, as detected by reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction, was positive in 20 of 22 patients negative for HBe antigen whereas it was detected in only one of two patients positive for HBe antigen. In a patient who seroconverted from HBe antigen to anti-HBe HCV RNA was undetectable in the HBe antigen positive phase and had become detectable after seroconversion. These data indicate that both hepatitis virus (type B and type C) can co-infect in a patient and that type C becomes active after the seroconversion from HBe antigen to anti-HBe.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical effect of the combined use of aztreonam, amikacin and clindamycin in infectious disease in obstetrics and gynecology].

Clinical effects of combined use of aztreonam (AZT), amikacin (AMK) and clindamycin (CLDM) in 46 cases with infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology were retrospectively studied in 2 groups, and the following results were obtained. 1. No significant difference in efficacy rates was noted between AZT plus CLDM treated group (n = 25) and AMK plus CLDM treated group (n = 21) (96.0% vs. 95.2%), while rate of excellent efficacy was slightly higher in AZT plus CLDM group than AMK plus CLDM group (24.0% vs. 14.3%). 2. No significant difference in bacteriological clinical effects was also noted between the 2 groups, while bacteriological eradication rate was higher in the AZT plus CLDM group than in the other group (76.2% vs. 50.0%), and the difference was particularly clear in the eradication rates of aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria (88.9% vs. 30.0%). 3. Subjective and objective side effects, and abnormalities of clinical test results were not found in either group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A treatment of intractable sternal osteomyelitis--significant use of pedicle muscular flaps].

In recent years, the greater omentum of pedicle muscular flap has been used to treat chest wall infection and Sternal Osteomyelitis following cardiac or respiratory surgery. In Japan, however, there has been an increasing number of cases in which neither the greater omentum Nor the rectus muscle can be used due to the comparatively young age of the patient. There are also many cases undergoing abdominal surgery for malignant tumor and bypass surgery of the coronary artery in which the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and gastroepiploic artery (GEA) are used. We studied three such cases; a case of coronary aortic bypass graft (CABG) where ITA from both the right and left sides were used following stomach resection; a case in which CABG and gallbladder resection were carried out simultaneously; and a case of sternal osteomyelitis is years following surgery for ventricular septal defect. All three cases had undergone reconstructive surgery using the pectoralis major muscle or a pedicle muscular flap from the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is estimated that cases of CABG using both the right and left sides of ITA and GEA, cases of the elderly as well as cases of children will continue to increase. Consequently, cases of sternal osteomyelitis in which neither the omentum nor rectus muscle can be used will also increase. Therefore, it is considered that treatment using pedicle muscular flaps from the breast or dorsal area may be very effective. Herein, we report on the choice of treatment and its results.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Rabbit immunization to induce experimental asthma--relationship between antigens and airway reactivity].

Japanese white rabbits were immunized with either alternaria or ragweed starting at birth to induce experimental asthmatic model. We studied the characteristics of contractile responses of tracheal smooth muscle isolated from these sensitized animals and compared them with non-sensitized control animals. Both sensitivity and reactivity of contraction induced by acetylcholine (ACh) were increased in the alternaria sensitized group, but only sensitivity was increased in the ragweed group. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation were enhanced in both sensitized groups, and responses in the alternaria group were significantly greater than those in the ragweed group. In the alternaria group, atropine suppressed the contractile response to KCl, indicating that the contraction was mediated partially through a muscarinic mechanism. In the ragweed group, atropine suppressed responses to 20 mM KCl. Stimulation of the intramural nerve plexus facilitated the release of neurotransmitters, especially ACh. This was more obvious in the alternaria group than in the ragweed group. These results suggest that alternaria sensitization of rabbits produces a better model for studying changes in interaction between nerves and smooth muscle in the airway.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after intensive induction therapy in relapsed or refractory acute leukemia.

Background. Although colony-stimulating factors have been shown to accelerate recovery from severe neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, their use in acute leukemia has been controversial because in vitro they stimulate leukemic colonies as well as normal granulocyte colonies. Methods. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to determine the safety and efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) after a standard course of intensive therapy in 108 patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia (67 with acute myelogenous leukemia, 30 with acute lymphocytic leukemia, 9 in blast crisis from chronic myelogenous leukemia, and 2 with acute leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndromes). Treatment with granulocyte CSF (200 micrograms per square meter of body-surface area per day in a 30-minute infusion) was begun two days after the end of the chemotherapy and continued until the neutrophil count rose above 1500 per cubic millimeter. Results. Treatment with granulocyte CSF accelerated the recovery of neutrophils significantly (P less than 0.01), shortening it by about a week, but it had no effect on platelet recovery. Although the incidence of febrile episodes was almost the same, documented infections were significantly less frequent in the group treated with granulocyte CSF (P = 0.028). There was no evidence that granulocyte CSF accelerated the regrowth of leukemic cells. Fifty percent of 48 patients in the CSF group who could be evaluated and 36 percent of 50 controls had complete remission. The rate of relapse was almost the same in the two groups. Conclusions. It appears that recombinant human granulocyte CSF is safe in acute leukemia, accelerating neutrophil recovery and thereby reducing the incidence of documented infection without affecting the regrowth of leukemic cells. It should be used with caution, however, pending further confirmation of these early results.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Rapid purification and characterization of F1-ATPase of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The F1 portion of H(+)-translocating ATPase as purified from membrane vesicles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by a rapid procedure. The whole purification process (from culture of cells to purification of the enzyme) could be completed in 1 day. The F1-ATPase consists of five subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon) like F1 of Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. The F1-ATPase of V. parahaemolyticus showed some interesting properties. Its activity was greatly stimulated by high concentrations (about 0.5 M) of SO4(2-), SO3(2-) and CH3COO-, their effects decreasing in this order. Among the anions tested, Cl- and NO3- were ineffective, or rather inhibitory, and cations had no significant effects. Ethanol (or methanol) stimulated the activity 2- to 3-fold. The activity was inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonate (SITS) (an anion exchanger inhibitor), tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) (an H+ conductor), azide and N-ethylmaleimide. Zinc inhibited the activity only slightly, although it strongly inhibited the ATPase activity in membrane vesicles.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfo↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the polyamine-induced protein as a periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein.

The physiological function of the polyamine-induced protein (PI protein), whose synthesis is stimulated at an early stage after the addition of putrescine to growing cells of a polyamine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli (Mitsui, K., Igarashi, K., Kakegawa, T., and Hirose, S. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2679-2683), has been studied. The following findings clearly show that the PI protein is a binding protein of an oligopeptide transport system. (a) PI protein was found in a periplasmic fraction. (b) When the restriction map of a clone for the PI protein gene was compared with Kohara's physical map (Kohara, Y., Akiyama, K., and Isono, K. (1987) Cell 50, 495-508), the gene was found at 27 min of the E. coli chromosome, where genes for an oligopeptide transport system were located. (c) The clone contained a 1,629-nucleotide open reading frame encoding a 543-amino acid protein whose calculated Mr was 60,901, and the predicted amino acid sequence from this open reading frame was quite similar to that of an oligopeptide binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium. (d) When the transport activity of a tripeptide, Gly-Leu-125I-Tyr, was measured in a polyamine-requiring mutant of E. coli growing both in the presence and absence of putrescine, the activity was higher in the cells growing in its presence. (e) Polyamine stimulation of cell growth was greater when an oligopeptide rather than corresponding amino acids was added to the medium. These results suggest that the polyamine stimulation of PI protein synthesis at the early stage after the addition of putrescine contributes to the polyamine stimulation of cell growth through the supply of nutrients.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A 49-kilodalton phosphoprotein in the Drosophila photoreceptor is an arrestin homolog.

The gene encoding the 49-kilodalton protein that undergoes light-induced phosphorylation in the Drosophila photoreceptor has been isolated and characterized. The encoded protein has 401 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 44,972 daltons, and it shares approximately 42 percent amino acid sequence identity with arrestin (S-antigen), which has been proposed to quench the light-induced cascade of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate hydrolysis in vertebrate photoreceptors. Unlike the 49-kilodalton protein, however, arrestin, which appears to bind to phosphorylated rhodopsin, has not itself been reported to undergo phosphorylation. In vitro, Ca2+ was the only agent found that would stimulate the phosphorylation of the 49-kilodalton protein. The phosphorylation of this arrestin-like protein in vivo may therefore be triggered by a Ca2+ signal that is likely to be regulated by light-activated phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Usefulness of a new tumor marker, Span-1, for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Levels of serum Span-1, a new tumor marker for pancreatic cancer, were assayed in 64 patients with pancreatic cancer, 90 with nonpancreatic cancer, and 254 with nonmalignancies, involving 55 healthy controls. Furthermore, Span-1 was compared with other tumor markers (CA19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], and DU-PAN-2). Frequency of elevated Span-1 levels was 81.3% in pancreatic cancer. False-positive elevations of serum Span-1 levels were rather common in liver cirrhosis (53.8%) and chronic hepatitis (26.3%). The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of this assay for pancreatic cancer, was 81.3%, 75.6%, and 76.5% against all subjects without pancreatic cancer, respectively. In comparison with other markers, sensitivity of Span-1 tended to be highest with similar specificity to those of CA19-9 and CEA. The Span-1 assay has a high sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic cancer. It is almost equivalent to CA19-9 assay. However, this assay is not specific for chronic liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cytochrome c oxidase activity in human liver specimens. An index of prognosis for hepatic resection.

Cytochrome c oxidase activity, measured as Vmax (nanomoles of cytochrome c oxidized per second per milligram of protein) and Michaelis constant (Km) (micromoles per liter), was measured spectrophotometrically in human liver specimens obtained by needle biopsy from 43 patients. In 16 normal livers, the Vmax and Km values ranged from 1.26 to 2.25 nmol/s per milligram of protein and from 2.78 to 3.95 mumol/L, respectively. In 27 patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, these values ranged from 1.60 to 3.80 nmol/s per milligram of protein and from 2.80 to 6.50 mumol/L, respectively. Patients with Vmax above 2.5 nmol/s per milligram of protein or Km above 5.0 mumol/L had a high incidence of postoperative complications even after minor hepatic resection. By contrast, even patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis could tolerate major hepatic resection as long as their Vmax and Km values were within the normal range. These findings indicate that the cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver specimens can serve as a prognostic sign in hepatic resection even in patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis.

Adult↗