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Biomedical subjects

Y Robert

Publications and source records attributed to Y Robert.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Ovarian functional disorders].

Ovarian hormonal function is under hypothalamo-hypophysis control during the genital life of women. Local hormonal production induces follicular stimulation and maturation. Two main types of functional disorder can be observed: unilocular cyst, related to an ovulation mechanism, and polycystic ovaries. The former is a follicular cyst related to the absence of LH stimulation, or a luteal cyst, which may be anechoic or display a heterogeneous content (pseudo-septa, pseudo-solid but avascular mass). The latter includes the polycystic ovarian syndrome, which is characterized by an increased ovarian area ( 6cm(2)), stroma and follicles number, the multifollicular ovaries, which are related to functional hypothalamic anovulation and characterized by a normal ovarian size with increased follicles number, and macropolycystic ovaries which are observed in case of previous pelvic infection disease or surgery. Functional disorders may be observed during pregnancy: luteoma, luteal cyst and hyperreactio luteinalis. Finally, ovarian insufficiency may occur too early.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar].

We report the diagnostic and therapeutic debate raised by an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar. There were three phases. The first was to differentiate between an ongoing abortion and an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar. The second was to determine whether the tissue was a mass of persistent trophoblasts or an invasive mole. Finally to determine the nature of a residual mass after chemotherapy and normalization of the beta CG level.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1998

[Pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost 0.005%].

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies in monkeys have shown that latanoprost 0.005% lowers the IOP by improving the uveoscleral Outflow. We wanted to know if this is also the case in the human eye. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used our new aqueous humor outflow test with 2-nitrophenyl-acetate in 9 healthy human volunteers, mean age 32 +/- 8.3 years. They were measured before and 12 h after receiving one drop of latanoprost 0.005% in one eye, randomly chosen. The ocular Photometer was used to quantify the disappearance of the dye out of the anterior chamber. RESULTS: The half-life time of the dye is shortened after latanoprost 0.005%. It is significantly correlated to the pressure lowering effect of latanoprost 0.005% (r2 = 0.5968). CONCLUSION: The dye-dilution technique proves that latanoprost 0.005% influences the outflow of the human eye. The better the outflow, the greater the pressure drop in the eye. The experiment nicely shows that photometric quantification of 2-nitrophenyl-acetate is a simple, reliable test for the knowledge of the aqueous humor outflow.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly. Etiology and outcome, report of 141 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To present the different etiologies of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly (VA) and try to evaluate prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made in 141 cases of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly diagnosed in our obstetrics department between January 1988 and December 1996. RESULTS: Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 24.8 weeks. Myelomeningoceles were the most frequent etiology (50 cases, 36%), usually diagnosed late in pregnancy (25 weeks gestation). Termination of pregnancy was the most frequent outcome. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) was observed in 16 cases (11%), 8 of them being diagnosed before birth. This etiology has been an important diagnostic problem until recent years. The advent of improved imaging techniques has facilitated diagnostic procedures. Thus in 1996, the 4 ACC were all diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound. The 8 live infants presented developmental retardation. Termination of pregnancy has been performed more and more frequently in accordance with parent wishes. In 6 cases (4%), the etiology was congenital infection. When a chromosome anomaly was found (7%), ventriculomegaly was always associated with other ultrasonographic anomalies. Ventriculomegaly was associated with other malformations in 23% of the cases but only 17% were discovered prenatally; all the live infants but one had severe neurological impairment. Ventriculomegaly was considered to be the unique anomaly in 37% of the prenatal cases and was truly unique in 24%, an etiology being found in 6%. No explanation was found in 18%. The outcome of live infants is known in 139 cases (2 children lost to follow-up) after a 6 month to 6 year follow-up. Overall prognosis was severe as among the 42 infants (30%), 14 (10%) are well including 12 who had ventriculomegaly alone. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of ventriculomegaly implies a severe prognosis. Only children presenting limited ventriculomegaly alone have normal neurological development. In case of ventriculomegaly, clinicians must search carefully for other anomalies, always associated with poor prognosis.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1997

[Rehabilitation of the eye in patients with facial paralyses: indications and results of gold weight implantation].

BACKGROUND: Upper-lid gold weight insertions in patients with long-standing facial palsy allow closure of the eye through an increased gravitational pull on the relaxed eyelid and complete opening without restriction of the peripheral visual field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 1995, 45 patients underwent eyelid rehabilitation for facial nerve paralysis at the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary. Their charts and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve patients were followed prospectively at the University Hospital Zurich since December 1995. RESULTS: One gold weight extruded twice in one patient. Delayed infections 1-3 months after surgery occurred in 6.6% and could be treated without removal of the gold weight. Tarsorrhaphies were necessary in 11%. Overall one third of all patients had their gold weight removed during this 5-year observation period. They all had return of their facial movements and did not require further lid loading. All prospectively evaluated patients had a marked improvement of their dry eye symptoms and a better quality of life. CONCLUSION: The analysis of 57 patients indicates, that gold weight insertions are a simple, reliable, reversible and successful technique for early rehabilitation of the paralyzed eyelid, often combined with lower lid shortening procedures. We favor early implantation in patients with severe facial nerve injury, concomitant Vth nerve palsy, inadequate patient compliance, in patients with one eye only or with disturbing dry eye symptoms.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMed1997

[Refractory endophthalmitis after bulbus perforation after careless handling of orthodontic headgear].

HISTORY: Dental regulation with the Headgear System is a method applied worldwide, and only few cases of device induced injuries have been documented. However, such injuries can be very severe, as can be seen from our case. Therefore, the risk/benefit relation should be considered. PATIENT: In December 1995, a 10-year-old female patient with a scleral perforation near the limbus was sent to Zürich university eye clinic as emergency case. The evening before, the patient had tried to remove her dental brace (Headgear) by pulling it over her head without disengaging the rubber bands serving for fixation before. During this attempt, the brace escaped at eye level, shot into her face and caused a skeletal perforation in her left eye as well as contusion bulbi in her right eye. In the further course, a fulminant endophthalmitis (streptococcus spp and anaerobic mixed oral flora) developed in the patient's left eye, which could not be controlled inspite of two interventions with vitrectomy and finally made an enucleation necessary. CONCLUSION: Disregarding the worldwide application of this device in the treatment of defective positions of teeth, the present case demonstrates that it is necessary to thoroughly instruct the patients regarding the handling of the Headgear and to inform them of possible dangers.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1997

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of placenta percreta. Apropos of a case with hemorrhagic complication].

Placenta percreta is a rare but severe disease, which is more and more frequent. The reported case shows that diagnosis can be made with B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. Extension of high-vascularized placenta to the myometrium, abnormal placental-subplacental complex and vascular flow through the myometrium were suggestive of the diagnosis. Early diagnosis should decrease mortality and morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Malignant non-Hodgkins lymphoma manifested in an ovarian tumor. Five case reports].

Five cases of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHML) presenting as ovarian tumours are reported. All corresponded to disseminated lymphomatous disease, none was of low grade. Ultrasound showed a solid, most often homogeneous, hypoechoic, bilateral mass in 4 of 5 cases. Its association with many lymph nodes and mainly parenchymal localisation suggested of the NHML. Only histologic and immunohistochemical findings may provide the final diagnosis. The biopsy for those studies should be obtained as least invasively as possible because treatment of NHML is chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Adverse events temporally associated with meningococcal vaccines.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of severe adverse events temporally associated with meningococcal vaccines administered as part of a mass vaccination program. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study of events reported to a passive provincial surveillance system. SETTING: The province of Quebec. PARTICIPANTS: The 1,198,751 individuals aged 6 months to 20 years who were vaccinated against meningococcal disease between Dec. 27, 1992, and Mar. 31, 1993. OUTCOME MEASURES: Total numbers and rates of severe adverse events, including allergic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, neurological events (other than abnormal crying and screaming) and other serious or unusual events. RESULTS: A total of 118 reports of severe adverse events were selected from the surveillance system. The most frequent were allergic reactions (9.2 per 100,000 doses). Few anaphylactic or neurologic reactions were reported (0.1 and 0.5 per 100,000 doses respectively). There were no reports of sequelae or of encephalopathy, meningitis or encephalitis. CONCLUSION: Meningococcal vaccines seem to be associated with fewer adverse events than have previously been reported. Existing surveillance programs are useful for determining the incidence of adverse events temporally associated with vaccines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Urachal remnants: sonographic assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of the visualization of urachal remnants (UR) with ultrasound and to determine their sonographic patterns. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients were referred for abdominal and/or pelvic ultrasonography, 83 who had urinary tract symptoms. Patient age ranged from 1 month to 91 years (mean = 35 years). Patients were classified into four groups: (1) < 16 years (n = 47) (2) 16-35 years (n = 100), (3) 36-55 years (n = 49), (4) > or = 56 years (n = 54). Ultrasonography was performed using 3.75 MHz and 7.5 MHz transducers. Ultrasound criterion for diagnosis was a midline mass located between the rectus abdominus muscle and the upper part of the anterior bladder wall. RESULTS: UR were found in 90 cases (36%). UR demonstration was more frequent in groups 1 (61.7%) and 2 (49%) and 3 (20.4%) and 4 (3.7%). UR were nodular (87%) or tubular in structure (13%). Echogenicity was similar to or greater than adjacent muscle in 51% and less than in 49%. The length, width, and thickness mean and standard deviation values were 13.5 +/- 4.7 mm, 12.6 +/- 5 mm, and 5.2 +/- 1.5 mm, respectively. UR were observed in 50% of the asymptomatic patients of groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Urachal remnants are commonly demonstrated with ultrasound, particularly in young patients. They should be considered to be a normal variant unless there is an increase in size or they are accompanied by clinical signs, without other possible causes for symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Contact glass tonometer].

This paper present a tonometer incorporated in a contact lens, which allows simultaneous measurement of intraocular pressure and performance ophthalmoscopy. The tonometer can record the pulse curve continuously, which can give us an indication of any circulatory problem. The device is therefore expected to yield additional information useful for the diagnosis of early glaucoma. Te device has three force sensors built in, which allow continuous measurement of the force exerted on the eye surface by the contact lens. The force of the contact lens on the eye can be altered and makes the adjustment of different eye pressures possible. These induced changes of the eye pressure and their influence on the fundus can be checked. We have taken some measurements on enucleated human eyes to compare our device with a Statham tansducer in the vitreous. We found a good correlation. We are currently taking measurements in volunteers. The clinical relevance of these observations and measurements will be examined in a future study.

Calibration↗