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Biomedical subjects

Y Robert

Publications and source records attributed to Y Robert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Power Doppler sonography and acute pyelonephritis in children: comparison with Tc-DMSA scintigraphy].

UNLABELLED: Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in children. The clinical and biological diagnosis is still sometimes difficult. For most authors, Technecium 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy is considered as the gold standard tool for diagnosis but it is invasive and expensive. The aim of our study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of B-mode sonography and power doppler to DMSA-Tc scintigraphy in acute pyelonephritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine children were enrolled in this study with suspicion of pyelonephritis. All infants underwent doppler sonography and scintigraphy within 48 hours after their hospitalization. Doppler sonography criteria were increased kidney size, thickness of sinus wall, vascular defect, and various echogenicity of the kidneys (focal or diffuse hyperechogenicity or focal hypoechogenicity). RESULTS: Among 28 children with a positive scintigraphy, 15 had a positive doppler sonography (sensitivity 54%) and 13 had a negative doppler sonography. Among 21 children with a negative scintigraphy, 20 had a negative doppler sonography (specificity 95%) and one had a positive doppler sonography. CONCLUSION: In clinically suspected acute pyelonephritis, doppler sonography has a high specificity. A positive doppler sonography should avoid the use of scintigraphy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Urethral duplication type II in a male child: a case report].

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, most common in male. The clinical presentation varies because of the various anatomical variant. A case of complete duplication with an accessory channel arising from a diverticulum, in a male child is reported. The clinical presentation, the imaging findings, and the management are described.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

[Cerebral fetal MRI and ventriculomegaly].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate MRI usefulness in diagnosis and management of fetuses with cerebral ventriculomegaly at US. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sonography depicted cerebral ventriculomegaly in 61 fetuses. Management included MRI in all cases and infectious screening, and karyotype in 51 cases. Final diagnosis was supported by fetal autopsy (n=24), postnatal follow-up>6 months (n=19), infectious screening or karyotype (n=8), and MR imaging when diagnosis was obvious (n=16). RESULTS: MRI was more informative than ultrasonography in 32.8% of cases with identification of the etiology in 21.3% of cases. In 45% MRI and sonography were considered to be normal. In the remaining cases, MRI confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis of cerebral malformation. Ultrasonography never depicted more anomalies than MR imaging. The 2 false negatives were gyration disorders but MR imaging was performed too early. CONCLUSION: US is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of fetal anomalies but MRI has to be systematically performed in case of cerebral ventriculomegaly because MRI demonstrates its usefulness in patient counseling, even if there are a few false negative results.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed2002

[MRI in gynecology].

OBJECTIVES: To review the complementary role and contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in gynecology diseases. RESULTS: Tissue characterization can be obtained with T2, T1 weighted images before and after contrast medium injection and T1 fat sat sequences. Localization of the lesion and relationships with adjacent structures are facilitated by multiplanar imaging. Endometrium and ovarian follicles display high signal intensity, visualizing the normal uterine and ovarian components. The relative high signal intensity of uterine tumors facilitates evaluation of extension. Uterine leiomyoma diagnosis is supported by its low signal intensity, allowing localization, size, and number assessment, and to distinguish adenomyoma. In doubtful malformation cases, MRI may be contributive. Ovarian mass characterization can be done with MRI, particularly for dermoid cyst and endometrioma. In this case, deep endometriosis can be associated and be extensive. Recent technical advances enable fast imaging, which can be useful for pelvic floor assessment with dynamic evaluation. CONCLUSION: MRI is becoming the complementary reference imaging tool for us. Its increasing indications are: gynecologic cancer, pelvis endometriosis, pelvis floor, indeterminate pelvis mass and fibroleiomyoma.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed2001

[Endoscopic diagnosis of a gastric heterotopic pancreas and esophageal atresia: an incidental association?].

UNLABELLED: Heterotopic or aberrant pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly, usually asymptomatic. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult but most cases of gastric ectopic pancreas have a unique appearance that often makes possible a diagnosis in the absence of histologic confirmation. A well-delineated submucosal, firm mass with central umbilication is characteristic of gastric ectopic pancreas. To the best of our knowledge, the association of esophageal atresia and gastric heterotopic pancreas has never been reported previously. CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of heterotropic pancreas associated with esophageal atresia. Both diagnoses were incidental findings and concerned children operated on at birth for esophageal atresia. Although a definitive diagnosis is histologic, the endoscopic appearance made it possible to maintain this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Some symptoms have been attributed to ectopic pancreas, and malignant degeneration has been reported in adults. Management continues to be debated: some authors recommend surgical resection while others, as we do, prefer initial therapeutic abstention.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of Fallopian tube patency by HyCoSy: comparison of a positive contrast agent with saline solution.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency of air-filled albumin microspheres (Infoson) with saline solution in determining Fallopian tube patency during hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy). METHODS: This was a prospective randomized multicenter study with a sequential design. Over a 10-month period, 23 patients (mean age, 33 years) referred for infertility were examined by HyCoSy (saline or Infoson) before conventional hysterosalpingography (Iopamiron 370), performed during the same session. Contrast agents were administered through a 5-F Ackrad balloon catheter inserted transcervically into the uterine cavity. HyCoSy was performed with a 7-MHz transvaginal probe using both B-mode and color Doppler, and tubal patency was demonstrated by the appearance of contrast agent in the peritoneal cavity near the ovaries. Data were registered for each patient during the examination and the results were monitored by sequential analysis. RESULTS: Mean volumes of contrast injections were 35.3 mL of saline, 14.4 mL of Infoson, and 13.8 mL of Iopamiron 370. Infoson-enhanced HyCoSy provided a significantly larger (P = 0.006) number of correct diagnoses (20/22 Fallopian tubes) than did saline HyCoSy (12/24 Fallopian tubes), and the same number as that achieved by hysterosalpingography. CONCLUSION: A positive ultrasound contrast agent appears to be more efficient than saline solution at determining Fallopian tube patency in infertile women by means of HyCoSy, and as efficient as an iodinated contrast agent in the same population explored by HSG. HyCoSy could be used to screen infertile women, thereby avoiding the use of iodinated contrast medium and exposure to ionizing radiation during conventional HSG in patients with patent Fallopian tubes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

High-flow priapism in children: immediate treatment by selective embolization.

We present a case of a high-flow priapism related to a posttraumatic aneurysm in a ten-year-old boy treated by selective embolization. Patient history and thorough physical examination often lead to the diagnosis of high-flow priapism. Colour-coded duplex ultrasonography confirms the diagnosis, and treatment consists of angiographic embolization.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Imaging of the female pelvis in adolescence].

The aim of this chapter is to familiarize the radiologists with the evolutive morphological features of the female genital apparatus, as it can be seen during the puberty, and to view the pathologies panel which may occur in ths period of life. This chapter is going to illustrate the morphological sonographic modifications from the childhood to the adolescence, emphasing the signs of pubertal maturation (uterus and ovaries shape, size and vascularization). Through clinical signs (delayed sexual maturation, primary or secondary amenorrhea, menstrual dysfunction, acute, cyclic, chronic pelvic pain and pelvic mass) the different pathologies are viewed, illustrating the important role of ultrasonography, but not an exclusive role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Imaging of the endometrium].

During genital activity, physiological and pathological modifications can be observed; Pre- and postmenopausal menometror-rhagia are the principle clinical signs of various endometrial pathologies: benign (polyp, atrophy or endometrial hypertrophy), malignant (cervical or endometrial carcinoma) or neighboring pathologies (myometrium or ovary). The value and methods of various imaging techniques (B-mode and Doppler abdominal and endovaginal ultrasonography, hysterosonography, computed tomography, MR imaging and hysteroscopy) are described together with symptomatological features permitting identification of the endometrial pathology.

Endometrium↗
PubMed2000

Some epidemiological approaches to the control of aphid-borne virus diseases in seed potato crops in northern Europe.

An account is given of progress during the last 30 years in knowledge of the epidemiology of diseases caused by aphid-borne viruses in seed potato production areas of northern Europe. During this period, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and strains of Potato virus Y (PVY(O), PVY(N)) were consistently the most prevalent and harmful. The main factors influencing spread involve the amount of initial virus inoculum in seed crops, agricultural practices in relation to seed potato production, the status of aphids as colonising or transient vectors in the crop, variation in their life cycles and behaviour, effects of environmental factors on aphid population dynamics, and the interaction between aphid phenology and mature plant resistance. Lessons have been drawn from comparisons of the causes of outbreaks of PLRV and PVY, and various comprehensive models have been designed to predict virus spread and optimise control. The accuracy and reliability of virus detection, and chemical control of aphids have been considerably improved, but use of the latter has been severely affected by the development in Myzus persicae of resistance to most types of insecticide. It is suggested that more attention should be given to breeding virus-resistant cultivars that would lead to decreased pesticide use and thus promote more integrated environment-friendly strategies for control.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Value of fetopathological examination in medical abortions: comparison of prenatal diagnosis and autopsy results of 300 fetuses].

This 3.5-year retrospective study report 300 fetus autopsies after pregnancy termination because of prenatal diagnosis of malformation. The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of postnatal examination of fetuses and to compare the post mortem findings with the prenatal diagnosis. This study included ultrasonography, radiology, karyotype, microbiology, genetic counseling and detailed pathological evaluation of the fetus: external, macroscopic, microscopic, brain and placenta examination. The results of post mortem examination were of paramount importance: they either changed the prenatal diagnosis hypothesis (20.3%), provided extensive additional information (41%), or confirmed the diagnosis hypothesis (38.7%). This study confirms the need for fetopathology examination after medical abortion. The pathologist's contribution to the multidisciplinary management of prenatally diagnosed fetal abnormalities is fundamental in particular for further genetic counseling; a specialized pathologist should be present in all prenatal diagnosis centers.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2000

[Cystic ovarian pathology excepting genital activity].

Ovarian size progressively increases in infancy, from 2cm to more than 3cm in length during the hormonal stimulation which occurs during the pubertal stage. The presence of ovarian follicules is a normal finding whatever the age; the presence of multifollicular ovaries is common during the pubertal stage. In the neonatal stage, marked by the maternal hormone influences, a cystic mass must be considered as an ovarian cyst whatever the location, abdominal or pelvic. Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts with a solid and heterogeneous pattern are frequent. In the pre and peripubertal stages, it is important to recognize functional ovarian cysts, which are common, fluid filled, variable in size from 3 up to 8cm. No treatment is generally required and a number of these cysts spontaneously resolve. Organic cysts of the ovary are rare in adolescence and infancy. The most frequent germ cell tumor is the cystic dermoid or mature teratoma. In the menopausal stage, the questions arise differently: complex cysts (thick wall, septae, heterogeneous structure) require surgical advice; simple cysts, both fluid filled and unilocular, require follow up if less than 3cm, a puncture from 3 to 5cm, and a surgical procedure when greater than 5cm.

Adolescent↗