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Biomedical subjects

Y Osaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Osaki.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Post-stroke hypertension correlates with neurologic recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

To examine the clinical implications of post-stroke hypertension, defined as the rise in blood pressure on admission after the onset of ischemic stroke as compared with the blood pressure before stroke, and to assess the relationship between the value of post-stroke hypertension and neurologic recovery, we retrospectively studied 28 patients admitted to the hospital within 24 h (mean+/-SD, 6.7+/-7.0 h) after a first-ever, acute non-embolic ischemic stroke, whose blood pressure had been recorded at the outpatient clinic within 3 mo before stroke. The Canadian Neurological Scale was used to assess stroke severity, and neurologic recovery during the acute phase was calculated. The average duration of hospitalization was 18+/-9 d. The value of post-stroke hypertension and stroke severity on admission independently and significantly correlated with neurologic recovery (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.12 and odd ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.72, respectively). There was also a significant linear correlation between the value of post-stroke hypertension and neurologic recovery (r= 0.50, p< 0.01). Furthermore, blood pressure after the onset of ischemic stroke was quite independent of blood pressure before stroke. We conclude that the value of post-stroke hypertension correlates with neurologic recovery in patients with acute non-embolic ischemic stroke. These results suggest that blood pressure control mechanisms change after the onset of acute ischemic stroke.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Discussing AIDS with their junior high school children by parents. A study on parents education about AIDS].

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the extent of parental participation in talking to their children regarding AIDS, and to determine what intervening factors existed. FOCUS GROUP: Parents of children who attend a public junior high school in Yokohama, Japan. TERM: November 9, 1995 to November 16, 1995. METHOD: Anonymous questionnaires addressed to both parents were distributed to children in the classroom. After the parents had completed the form, the children brought it back to the school. PARTICIPANTS: 616 Families or 1,117 individuals (509 fathers, 608 mothers) Response Rate: 72.4%. RESULTS: 1. Percent of parents who have talked to their children about AIDS (Experience Rate): Fathers 26%, Mothers 63%. 2. Percent of parents willing to discuss AIDS with their children (Willingness Rate): Fathers 49%, Mothers 70%. 3. In 70% of the families either the father or mother have talked with their children about AIDS (Experience Rate). In 95% of the families either the father or mother expressed a willingness to talk with their children about AIDS (Willingness Rate). 4. Factors related to Experience Rate were: Fathers--No consistent pattern was shown in responses. Mothers--1. Have enough knowledge about AIDS. 2. Understand basic facts about the route of infection of HIV. 3. Have expectations of an increase in the number of PWA/H (People with AIDS/HIV) in the near future. 4. Recognize the risk of HIV infection for their children. 5. Factors related to Willingness Rate were: Fathers--1. Understand that AIDS is not only someone else's problem. 2. Recognize the risk of HIV infection for their children. Mothers--1. Understand that AIDS is not only someone else's problem. 2. Have an accepting attitude toward their children's friend who is infected with HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Postural dysregulation in systolic blood pressure is associated with worsened scoring on neurobehavioral function tests and leukoaraiosis in the older elderly living in a community.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postural hypotension, which occurs frequently in community-living, apparently healthy elderly adults, is usually asymptomatic. However, the relation between postural changes in blood pressure and quantitative higher cerebral function or silent brain lesions remains unclear. We examined the association of exaggerated postural changes in systolic blood pressure with cognitive and quantitative neurobehavioral functions and with brain lesions on MRI in the community-dwelling older elderly. METHODS: The study population consisted of 334 community-dwelling elderly adults, aged 75 years or older (mean age, 80 years). Postural changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) were assessed using an autosphygmomanometer (BP-203 I). By the difference between the mean of two measurements of SBP at standing and at supine position (dSBP = SBP at upright-SBP at supine position), we divided the subjects into three groups: (1) 20 subjects with postural hypotension (d-SBP < or = -20 mm Hg), (2) 29 subjects with postural hypertension (dSBP > or = 20 mm Hg), and (3) 285 subjects with postural normotension (20 < dSBP < 20 mm Hg). We defined the former two groups as the postural dysregulation group. Scores in four neurobehavioral function tests (Mini-Mental State Exam. Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised, computer-assisted visuospatial cognitive performance score, and the Up and Go Test) and activities of daily living were compared among the three groups. Brain lesions on MRI, including number of lacunes and periventricular hyperintense lesions, were compared among 15 age- and sex-matched control subjects with postural hypotension, 15 with postural hypertension, and 30 with postural normotension. RESULTS: Twenty subjects (6.0%) exhibited postural hypotension and 29 (8.7%) postural hypertension. Scores in neurobehavioral functions and activities of daily living were significantly lower in the postural dysregulation group (both postural hypotension and hypertension groups) than in the postural normotension group. The postural dysregulation group exhibited significantly more advanced periventricular hyperintensities than the normotension group. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic community dwelling elderly individuals with postural hypotension as well as those with postural hypertension had poorer scores on neurobehavioral function tests and more advanced leukoaraiosis demonstrated on MRI than those without exaggerated postural changes in SBP.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Smoking prevalence of nurses in national hospitals of Japan].

We surveyed nurses in 14 randomly sampled national hospitals about their smoking behavior and some relating factors. The main results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of smoking among male and female nurses was 67.8% and 18.5% respectively. These figures are higher than in the general population. 2) The smoking prevalence of female nurses was highest among those in their thirties and lowest among those in their twenties, and 56% of those who smoke daily started smoking between the age of 20 and 24. 3) Smoking was more prevalent among practical nurses than among registered nurses. 4) Smoking was more prevalent among nurses who where not satisfied with their career choice than those who stated that they were satisfied with being nurses. 5) Among smokers, 80% had considered quitting, 44% had seriously tried to quit smoking, and 80% wanted to quit smoking. For this reason, it is important to provide smoking cessation programs for nurses. 6) The nurses surveyed, 93% agreed with the opinion that women should not smoke for the sake of both their own and their infant's health. However only 30% agreed with the opinion that nurses should not smoke as medical professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cigarette smoking among junior and senior high school students in Japan.

PURPOSE: To estimate the smoking prevalence among junior and senior high school students in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide survey of adolescent smoking habits in 1990. Sample schools were selected by single random sampling. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were sent to sample schools for all students to fill out. Seventy junior high schools and 33 senior high schools responded. A total of 57,189 students responded. RESULTS: The current smoking rate (the proportion of students who had smoked at least once during the previous month) was much higher among boys than girls. The current smoking rate among seventh graders was 4.0% for boys and 1.5% for girls, and it increased with age to reach 25.5% for boys and 4.9% for girls in the twelfth grade. The percentage of regular smokers in the seventh grade was less than 1% for both sexes, but it increased to 20.3% for boys and 2.2% for girls in twelfth grade. Among current smokers, the proportion of boys smoking 1-9 cigarettes per day decreased, and the proportion of boys smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day increased, as age increased. Most current smokers buy their cigarettes from cigarette vending machines or tobacconist shops. CONCLUSIONS: Since this survey reveals that smoking prevalence among students is not low even in junior high school, health education about smoking must start earlier and carry a greater emphasis within the curriculum. These results also indicate the importance of urging families to have greater concern for the smoking behavior of their children, of banning cigarette vending machines, and of preventing illegal sale of cigarettes to anyone under the age of 20 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Bronchial asthma complicated by myasthenia gravis].

A 52-year-old woman had a 14-year history of stridor attacks. Pulmonary function tests revealed reversible airway obstruction, and bronchial asthma was diagnosed. She also has bilateral ptosis, diplopia, and moderate weakness of all four limbs; a positive edrophonium test confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Although the parasympathetic system plays an important role in the regulation of bronchial tone, in this patient the edrophonium test did not provoke an asthmatic attack or exacerbate pulmonary function, except for increases in sputum production and in frequency of cough. The general weakness was usually worse in the afternoon. The decrease in grip strength and the shortening of arm elevation time also occurred after asthma attacks, which means that general muscle fatigue was caused by the work of breathing. Furthermore, dyspnea increased and pulmonary function worsened when an anti-cholinesterase inhibitor was discontinued, probably because of respiratory muscle weakness. Accordingly, the clinical status of bronchial asthma seemed to change in parallel with that of the myasthenia gravis.

Asthma↗