Fas-mediated apoptosis and p53 mutation in a Hodgkin's disease cell line.
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Apoptosis↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ohtsuki
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohtsuki.
PTHrP-mediated hypercalcaemia in a case of CML blast crisis.
We report a 52-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) who developed hypercalcaemia in blast crisis. There was a high serum level of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). The leukaemia cells secreted PTHrP into culture medium when cultured in vitro and were shown to express PTHrP mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Transplantation of the leukaemia cells into nude mice resulted in the production of Ph1 chromosome-positive tumours which caused increased levels of calcium and PTHrP in the blood. These results indicated that the hypercalcaemic event in the patient was induced by PTHrP of CML cell origin.
Blast Crisis↗
Dual infection of rabbits with human T cell lymphotropic virus types I and II.
Attempts were made to generate a rabbit model of dual infection with human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II. Four groups (A, B, C, and D) of three rabbits each were used. Group A was inoculated with the RW-1 cell line coinfected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II and group B was transfused from a dually infected rabbit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the pol region of each virus detected both HTLV-I and HTLV-II in all group A and two group B rabbits, but HTLV-II only in the remaining group B rabbit. Groups C and D already infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II, respectively, were inoculated with an HTLV-II- or HTLV-I-producing cell line. One group C rabbit became PCR-positive for both viruses but the other five resisted superinfection with the respective viruses. During prolonged observation, three of the six dually infected rabbits converted to single (HTLV-I or HTLV-II) infection. The in vivo dual infection was confirmed by in vitro establishment of a lymphoid cell line coinfected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II. It was also possible to establish coinfected lymphoid cell lines from HTLV-I-infected rabbits by coculture with lethally irradiated HTLV-II-producing cells and vice versa. The mechanism of viral elimination in dually infected rabbits, as well as that of protective immunity against superinfection, remains to be elucidated.
Animals↗
Expression of Fas and apoptosis of a Hodgkin's disease cell line (HD-70)
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Apoptosis↗
[Immunohistochemical study of myofibroblast and S-100 protein positive cells in interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease].
Immunohistochemical study was carried out in patients with collagen vascular disease associated with interstitial pneumonia. The subjects were 16 patients, consisting of seven rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five dermatomyositis (DM) and four progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), in whom the pathological findings were consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed by the ABC method using antibodies to vimentin (vim), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and S-100 protein. In fibrosis associated with RA, proliferation of alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts was widely observed in all subjects. Myofibroblasts were present also in patients with DM and PSS, but not as notable as in those with RA. Proliferation of vim-positive fibroblasts was observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Diverse S-100 protein positive cells appeared in patients with acute exacerbations of RA, especially when associated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) pattern. S-100 protein positive cells were observed occasionally also in patients with DM and PSS, but they markedly decreased in number, compared to those with RA. They were generally hard to detect in lungs of patients with IPF. These findings suggest that interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease can be fairly clearly differentiated from IPF each other, based on the degree of proliferation of myofibroblasts and on the presence of S-100 protein positive cells in number.
Adult↗
Thoracoscopic excision with ultrasonographic detection of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor. A case report.
We present a case of video-assisted partial resection of the right lower lobe for a pulmonary tumor. A 67 year-old woman was admitted because of an abnormal shadow on a chest roentgenogram. The operation was carried out via a small lateral thoracotomy incision and two surgical ports, by video-assisted thoracotomy with intraoperative ultrasonographic detection of the tumor. Pathologic examination of the specimen revealed a carcinoid tumor and showed no tumor cells remaining in the stump. As the postoperative course was uneventful, we describe the usefulness of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery combined with intraoperative ultrasonography.
Aged↗
Cyclin A overexpression in carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter including dysplasia: immunohistochemical findings in relation to prognosis.
Several in vitro studies have shown that cyclin A gene alteration in the cell cycle plays an important role in carcinogenesis. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of cyclin A protein in 120 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and ureter, including adjacent dysplastic lesions to determine their significance for the tumor behavior and patient prognosis. Cyclin A immunostaining of the nucleus was observed in 29 tumors (24.2%). Furthermore, 17 cyclin A-positive tumors (58.6%) had dysplastic lesions positive for cyclin A antibody. The prevalence of cases exhibiting cyclin A staining was higher in the high grade (P < 0.01) and invasive tumors (P < 0.05) than in the other types of tumors. In the selected 117 cases, patients whose TCCs expressed a high level of cyclin A protein had a significantly poorer prognosis than those without cyclin A expression (P < 0.01). These in vivo findings provide the first evidence for frequent and redundant cyclin A protein overexpression in TCC and suggest that cyclin A overexpression is related to the tumor behavior and patient prognosis. In addition, our observations indicate that overexpression of cyclin A may be one of the early events, at least in some cases, in the carcinogenesis of TCC.
Aged↗
Detection of p53 and bcl-2 protein in carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter including dysplasia.
Ninety-four patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and ureter, including dysplastic lesions, were studied for p53 and bcl-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-one patients were also studied for p53 gene mutations by direct sequencing and for bcl-2 gene rearrangement by Southern blot analysis. Overexpressed p53 protein was detected in 26 cases (27.7 per cent). bcl-2 immunostaining was observed in 21 tumours (22.3 per cent), including four cases with labelling for p53. Furthermore, the dysplastic lesions surrounding 19 p53-positive tumours also stained for p53. bcl-2 expression was also detected frequently in dysplastic lesions adjacent to 14 bcl-2-positive TCCs. Positive reactions of dysplastic lesions were also found adjacent to 37 bcl-2-negative tumours. p53 point mutation was detected in 6 of 21 cases. Five of the six cases were positive for p53 protein. blc-2 positivity was detected in 3 of 21 tumours, without bcl-2 gene rearrangements in the major breakpoint region. Overexpressed p53 protein was frequently detected in both high-grade (P < 0.05) and invasive tumours (P < 0.05). In three cases of p53-positive non-papillary invasive tumours, bcl-2 was found in non-invasive portions, but was not present in invasive areas. These findings suggest that overexpression (mutation) of p53 and/or bcl-2 protein may be early events in tumourigenesis and that p53 alterations in particular are essential for the maintenance of a malignant phenotype in tumour development.
Adult↗
High frequency of apoptosis in infantile capillary haemangioma.
Infantile capillary haemangioma (ICH) is a well-established clinicopathological entity which often regresses spontaneously. To elucidate the cause of spontaneous involution of ICH, the apoptotic and proliferative activities in seven cases of ICH were compared with those in five cases of lobular capillary haemangioma (LCH), using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The number of apoptotic cells detected by the modified in situ end-labelling method was significantly higher in ICH than in LCH, while the proliferative activities evaluated with mitosis and Ki-67 antigen expression did not differ significantly. Lewisy (Ley) antigen, an apoptosis-associated marker, was expressed in all cases of ICH but in none of LCH, while labelling for p53 protein and bcl-2 protein was almost completely negative in both tumours. These findings clearly demonstrate a much higher apoptotic activity in ICH than in LCH and suggest that apoptosis might be a cause of the spontaneous involution of ICH.
Adolescent↗
An angiomyoma with t(X;10)(q22;q23.2).
A t(X;10)(q22;q23.2) translocation was detected as the only chromosomal aberration in primary short-term cultured cells from an angiomyoma of a 58-year-old woman; 6p, 13q, and 21q rearrangements have been previously demonstrated by others in two cases of angiomyoma. This type of translocation has not been reported in other benign tumors including leiomyomas and angiomyomas, although it has been detected in an ependymoma. This is thought to be a third case of angiomyoma showing karyotypic abnormalities.
Angiomyoma↗
Multilocular thymic cysts associated with thymoma. A case report.
The association of multilocular thymic cysts (MTC) with thymoma is exceedingly rare, and the pathogenesis of this combination is controversial. We describe the case of a 42-year-old man with an anterior mediastinal mass found to contain MTC and thymoma. A multilocular cystic mass, measuring 13 x 6.5 x 2 cm, was found in the right lobe of the thymus, and contained a 4.7 x 2 cm thymoma in its center. Microscopic thymomas, lipomatously involuted remaining thymic tissue, and lymphoid follicles with germinal centers were found in the walls of MTC as well as in the left thymic lobe. Non-specific chronic inflammation was also present in the walls. In addition, microcysts, which were only found at the periphery of the thymoma and covered with epithelium, might have been formed secondarily by dilatation of the perivascular spaces and of Hassall's corpuscles. These findings suggest that a chronic inflammatory process was responsible for the early formation and enlargement of this patient's MTC, and that while the cavities of the MTC expanded to various degrees, the thymoma, which originated from one of the microscopic thymomas in the walls of MTC, increased in size, and grew to involve the remaining thymic tissue.
Adult↗
Two novel genes rapidly and transiently activated in suspension-cultured rice cells by treatment with N-acetylchitoheptaose, a biotic elicitor for phytoalexin production.
By using subtracted probes, two cDNA clones of rice, EL2 and EL3, were isolated as genes responsive within 6 min to N-acetylchitoheptaose, a potent biotic elicitor for phytoalexin biosynthesis. Analyses of the sequence of the cDNAs showed that both of EL2 and EL3 encoded basic proteins with no significant similarities to those of known genes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Establishment of a clonal cell line producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein from a lung cancer patient with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia.
Squamous cell lung carcinoma cells obtained from a patient who presented with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia were transplanted into nude mice and a serially transplantable cell line, OKa-N-1, was established. The nude mice transplanted with OKa-N-1 cells displayed leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. Serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) were both elevated in these mice. In vitro cultivation of this tumor cell line gave rise to a clonal cell line, OKa-C-1. Nude mice transplanted with the OKa-C-1 cell line also showed leukocytosis and hypercalcemia with high serum G-CSF and PTHrP levels. The culture supernatant of OKa-C-1 contained high levels of G-CSF and PTHrP. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of PTHrP in OKa-C-1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of G-CSF and PTHrP mRNA in this cell line. Dexamethasone treatment inhibited the transcription of G-CSF and PTHrP genes. This new human squamous carcinoma cell line, OKa-C-1, would be useful for studying the mechanism of simultaneous production of G-CSF and PTHrP and their control in cancer patients with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia.
Animals↗
Granular cell tumor expressing myogenic markers in the prostate.
A granular cell tumor in the prostate of a 72 year old male is reported. The tumor nest was composed of large polygonal tumor cells, possessing cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules which were positive with PAS stain and resistant to diastase digestion. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells were strongly positive with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin and -neuron specific enolase antibodies. Only a few scattered tumor cells were reacted with anti-S-100 protein antibody. These findings might suggest smooth muscle differentiation of this case, and provide an additional insight into the histogenesis of granular cell tumors, especially in their heterogeneity.
Actins↗
Lung squamous cell carcinoma producing both parathyroid hormone-related peptide and granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
An autopsy case of a 61 year old male with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with associated marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia is reported. High levels of serum parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) were detected. The tumor cells distinctly showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactions with anti-PTHrP and anti-GCSF antibodies. Marked granulocytosis and thin bony trabeculae lacking osteoblasts were observed in the vertebral bone. Calcium deposits were found in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Infarcts were seen as a result of fibrin thrombosis of the splenic artery. The tumor was successfully transplanted into nude mice in which the high levels of serum PTHrP and GCSF were reproduced. These results indicate that the tumor simultaneously produced both PTHrP and GCSF causing the paraneoplastic syndromes of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical characterization of a case of duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma.
A case of duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma (DGP) arising in the ampulla of Vater of an 84 year old male is reported. The present case shows the typical histological features with a mixture of epitheliold, ganglion-like and spindle cells. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive with antibodies to neuron specific enorse, S-100 protein and neurofilament (NF), but negative for anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin and myelin basic protein (MBP). Both anti-Leu-7 and -chromogranin A antibodies gave positive reactions with a fine granular pattern in the epithelioid cells. Most ganglion-like cells showed the cytoplasmic immunoreaction with GFAP and a few with NF and synaptophysin. In these three tumor components, no reactivity was detected in the antibodies to the neurohormonal peptides tested. The present data are fundamentally in keeping with those previously reported, but add the immunohistochemical positivity of ganglion-like cells for GFAP, suggesting different neuroglial differentiation.
Aged↗
Chronic effect of aluminium ingestion on bone in calcium-deficient rats.
In order to elucidate the relationship of osteogenesis with aluminum and iron deposition, we investigated the histopathological findings of bone in calcium and/or aluminium-deficient rats, together with levels of calcium, aluminium and iron in sera and bone tissues, and also the level of serum parathyroid hormone. Four week old male STD-Wistar rats were divided into four groups to examine the effects of four kinds of diets for ten weeks. The rats on normal diet (Group I) and normal diet+aluminum (Group II) did not show any pathological changes of the bones, but in both calcium-deficient diet group (Group III) and calcium deficient diet added aluminium (Group IV), the compact bone converted into spongy bone in varying degrees, particularly in Group IV. Aluminium deposition was demonstrated at the calcification fronts and the cement lines only in Group IV as red or violet-red lines with aluminium stain, together with iron deposition as revealed with Berlin blue stain, showing similar distribution pattern as aluminum. It was clearly indicated that aluminium and iron, instead of calcium, deposited on the calcification front of the bone under the condition of calcium deficiency, inhibiting the normal osteogenesis.
Aluminum↗
Simple detection of the 5S ribosomal RNA of Pneumocystis carinii using in situ hybridisation.
AIMS: To investigate the effectiveness of digoxigenin incorporated double stranded DNA probes produced by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii, using in situ hybridisation (ISH). METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sections of 26 human lung samples from 11 patients with P carinii pneumonia (PCP), and 15 with various types of fungal and viral pneumonia, were obtained during necropsy or transbronchial lung biopsy. Three additional PCP induced rat lung samples were also tested. PCR probes were prepared using the digoxigenin labelling mixture, and they were amplified from the DNA of a PCP induced rat lung after administration of dexamethasone, on the basis that 5S ribosomal RNA sequences are identical in human and rat P carinii. ISH was performed using this probe, and visualised using the digoxigenin nucleic acid detection kit. An immunohistochemical study using anti-human Pneumocystis monoclonal antibody was also carried out in parallel. RESULTS: ISH positively stained eight (of eight) lung necropsy specimens from patients with PCP, three (of three) transbronchial lung biopsy specimens from patients with PCP, and none of the three PCP induced rat lung specimens. In contrast, none of the specimens from patients with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus sp (n = 5), Candida sp (n = 4), Cryptococcus sp (n = 2), mucormycosis (n = 2), or cytomegalovirus (n = 2) were positive on ISH or immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Using a digoxigenin labelled PCR probe for the entire 5S rRNA sequence in conjunction with conventional staining, ISH is highly reactive and specific for the diagnosis of PCP.
Animals↗