Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in lymphoid follicle in patients with chronic hepatitis type B.
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Biopsy↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ohta
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohta.
Treatment of chronic liver injury in mice by oral administration of xiao-chai-hu-tang.
Oral administration of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, the extract of a mixture of seven herbs, attenuated the hepatic fibrosis developed in mice after repeated doses of carbon tetrachloride. Its pre-administration reduced the derangement of liver function tests seen after a single dose of carbon tetrachloride as well as that seen after d-galactosamine intoxication. Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang may be effective in the treatment of chronic liver injury through hepatocytoprotection.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Deciduoma formation in rats treated neonatally with the anti-estrogens, tamoxifen and MER-25.
Female rats of the T strain were given single daily injections of 100 micrograms and 200 micrograms of tamoxifen (Tx) and MER-25 (MER) for 5 days beginning on the day of birth (DAY 1). When sacrificed on Day 60, the Tx-treated rats (Tx rats) exhibited continued vaginal diestrus, whereas the females given MER or the vehicle alone showed regular estrous cycles. Ovaries from Tx rats were polyfollicular without corpora lutea, while those from MER rats, as well as from the controls given the vehicle alone, invariably contained both follicles and corpora lutea. In Tx rats, the uteri underwent atrophy, containing few uterine glands in an endometrium largely occupied by fibroblasts. Decidual response of the uterus to intraluminal oil instillation was markedly reduced in Tx rats given an appropriate regimen of progesterone and estradiol injections following ovariectomy on Day 60. By contrast, MER given neonatally had little effects on decidualization. Since ovariectomy on Day 10 brought about no amelioration of the decidualization in Tx rats, it is suggested that the lowered deciduogenic responsiveness to the instillation was caused by a direct action of Tx on the uterus of neonatal rats rather than by a Tx-induced alteration of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. Differences in effect on the female reproductive system between Tx and MER were discussed.
Animals↗
S-100 protein in glands within decidua and cervical glands during early pregnancy.
Strong immunoreactivity with polyclonal S-100 protein antisera and monoclonal S-100 alpha subunit antiserum was found in glandular cells of the decidua basalis and cervical polyps during early pregnancy. Immunoreactive S-100 protein was negative in glandular cells of the endometrium and cervix of nonpregnant women. It was also negative in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. While the function of S-100 protein is not known, a relationship between humoral factors related to pregnancy and expression of S-100 protein gene is suggested by the results of this study.
Cervix Uteri↗
Influence of suxamethonium on the action of subsequently administered vecuronium or pancuronium.
The effects of suxamethonium were studied on the onset time and duration of action of vecuronium or pancuronium in 45 adult patients anaesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. After an intubating dose of suxamethonium, the force of the evoked twitch returned to a value greater than control. The onset of the reduction in force produced by subsequent administration of vecuronium or pancuronium was faster and recovery slower. This potentiating effect of suxamethonium persisted for at least 2 h.
Adolescent↗
Purification and properties of neuraminidase isozymes in Arthrobacter ureafaciens mutant.
An Arthrobacter ureafaciens mutant (M1057) capable of producing neuraminidase constitutively was isolated by NTG mutagenesis from A. ureafaciens KMS 3663. Four molecular species (L, M1, M2, and S) of neuraminidase isozymes were homogeneously purified from the mutant and parent strains by means of DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatofocusing, and Ultrogel AcA44 gel filtration. The molecular weights of L, M1, M2, and S isozymes were shown to be approximately 88,000, 66,000, 66,000, and 52,000, respectively. The optimal pHs and Km values of these isozymes for N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha,(2-6)-lactose were 4.5-5.5 and 0.6-0.8 mM. Neuraminidase L, M1, M2, and S were able to hydrolyze oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and gangliosides containing alpha,(2-3)-, alpha,(2-6)-, and alpha,(2-8)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. Among these isozymes isolated, isozyme S was most active on colominic acid.
Arthrobacter↗
No evidence for the contamination of live oral poliomyelitis vaccines with simian immunodeficiency virus.
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Animals↗
Features of schizophrenic patients and patients with depression as observed by family members--symptoms, social activities and social performance.
We carried out a comparative study of a group of schizophrenic patients and a group of patients with depression, looking at 1) symptoms and social behaviors, 2) the performance level of socially expected activities and free-time activities, and 3) the level of expectations of family members with respect to patients' activities according to the results of a KAS evaluation by the family members of the two groups. The evaluation of symptoms and social behaviors by the family members clearly reflected the clinical features of schizophrenia and depression. In respect to the performance level of socially expected activities, depressive patients were evaluated significantly higher than schizophrenic patients. As for free-time activities, there were no differences between the two groups in the evaluation of levels of performance, but the family members of the depressive group expected a significantly higher level of free-time activities than was achieved, while such a significant discrepancy between expectation and performance was not observed for the schizophrenic group.
Activities of Daily Living↗
A study of depression in two cultures: a transcultural study with Japanese and Australian clinically depressed patients.
Recently there has emerged a growing interest in transcultural aspects of depressive disorders. Unlike earlier studies, recent research has concentrated on using standardized assessment and evaluation procedures in an effort to reduce "differences" associated with research techniques. The following paper reports a study which, using the WHO developed Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD) schedule, examines the nature of depressive symptomatology in Australian and Japanese clinically depressed patients. While results supported the presence of a "symptom core" common to both cultures, some unexpected findings in relation to "feelings of guilt" and "severity of depression" were noted.
Adolescent↗
An autopsy case of so-called midline malignant reticulosis followed by extensive dissemination with immunohistochemical evidence for its T cell malignancy.
An autopsy case of malignant midline reticulosis (MMR) is reported. The patient, a 42-year-old Japanese male, died after a clinical course of 22 months. Autopsy revealed extensive infiltration of generalized organs by the tumor cells, suggesting that the disease was highly malignant in nature. Staining with monoclonal antibodies against T-cell surface antigens Leu 4 on frozen sections and UCHL1 on paraffin-embedded sections enabled us to examine the phenotype of the tumor cells with good morphological preservation and to verify the T cell nature of the tumor.
Adult↗
[Clinical analysis of 17 cases of Japanese encephalitis experienced in the last ten years].
We studied on the prognosis-related factors on 17 cases of Japanese encephalitis experienced during the last ten years and compared the clinical features with those in previous reports, especially when the disease was prevalent. The patients, ranging from 33 to 91 years old, consisted of 7 men and 10 women. All of them showed an encephalitis type. 47.1% of the patients were completely cured, 35.3% cured with sequelae and 17.6% died. The mortality rate was decreased compared to that of previous reports. All of the death cases were women. There was no relationship between the mortality rate and the patients' age. As previously reported, the more severe the disturbance of consciousness, the higher the mortality was. However the rate of death was lower than that of previous reports. We conclude from this study that clinical features of the disease have changed when compared with that of the older days.
Adult↗
Monosynaptic excitatory amino acid transmission from the posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus to spinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion in lamprey.
1. The reticulospinal neurons in the lamprey posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus (PRRN) and their projections to different types of spinal neurons have been investigated by the use of simultaneous paired intracellular recordings from one pre- and one postsynaptic cell. PRRN is of particular importance for the initiation of locomotion. 2. Intracellular stimulation of single PRRN neurons produced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in simultaneously recorded motoneurons and spinal premotor interneurons of both the excitatory and inhibitory type. Individual PRRN neurons produced EPSPs in several different types of target cells, as revealed by signal averaging. Each single PRRN neuron had extensive monosynaptic connections to approximately 73% of the motoneuronal population. Conversely, several PRRN neurons converge on individual spinal neurons. The average amplitude of the EPSPs was 0.43 +/- 0.40 (SD) mV. The EPSPs varied in time course (time to peak = 7.5 +/- 2.8 ms; duration at one-half peak amplitude = 21.9 +/- 18.1 ms). 3. The EPSPs produced by reticulospinal cells were composed of either exclusively chemical, exclusively electrical, or mixed chemical and electrical components. The electrical EPSPs remained when the ordinary physiological solution was substituted for one without Ca2+ but with Mn2+. The chemical component of the EPSPs was always depressed when a broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist, such as kynurenic acid, was applied, suggesting that the chemical component was because of EAA transmission. The chemical EPSP could have two components, one late, suppressed by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, and one early because of activation of kainate/quisqualate receptors. 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of Lucifer yellow-filled PRRN neurons were performed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. PRRN neurons producing monosynaptic excitatory amino acid EPSPs were found to have a fusiform cell body located near the surface of the fourth ventricle and an extensive fanlike dendritic tree extending to the ventral and lateral margin of the brain stem within the basal plate. The axons descend in the lateral funiculi of the spinal cord. 5. PRRN neurons utilizing EAA transmission are active during fictive locomotion. They presumably initiate and reinforce ongoing spinal locomotor activity by monosynaptically increasing the general excitability of the spinal premotor interneurons of the spinal locomotor networks by means of their extensive divergent and convergent monosynaptic connections.
Amino Acids↗
Effect of cold pressor test on carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in normal subjects.
We investigated changes in the pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) during the cold pressor test (CPT) on 25 normal subjects. In 10 of them we also observed changes in circulatory parameters by a computerized dual cadmium telluride detector system, using an equilibrium radionuclide blood-pool label. DLco and DLco per unit of alveolar volume (DLco/VA) averaged in the control period were 29.4 +/- 4.1 ml/min/mm Hg, 6.1 +/- 0.8 ml/min/mm Hg/l (mean +/- SD). During the 2nd minute of CPT, DLco increased by 3.6 +/- 1.5% and DLco/VA by 5.1 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SE). The systemic blood pressure increased by 17% (mean increase) whereas the heart rate and the stroke volume remained unchanged. The increases were small but significant (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). We conclude that the increase in DLco is due to cold-induced systemic vasoconstriction followed by a passive shift of blood into the pulmonary vasculature.
Adult↗
Role of the mediastinum as a part of the chest wall: analyzed by computed tomography.
Using computed tomography (CT), geometrical changes in pulmonary structures in 4 human volunteers were analyzed. A series of parallel transaxial CT scans of the lung were obtained for each volunteer while he held his breath at maximal inspiration and maximal expiration. Changes in pulmonary structures were evaluated by comparing the maximal inspiration scans for each slice position. The longitudinal displacement of the lung volume was categorized as either a rib cage displacement or a diaphragm-abdominal displacement. The ratio of diaphragm-abdominal contribution to vital capacity was 0.49-0.65 for the volunteers. The thoracic volume displacement was categorized as either a mediastinal displacement or a rib cage displacement. The former was considerably larger than the latter. Since the rostral end of the mediastinum is fixed to the thoracic cage and the caudal end is fixed to the diaphragm, we conclude that the mediastinum-diaphragm boundary converts the axial force generated by the diaphragmatic excursion into radial force.
Adult↗
Immunochemical measurement and immunohistochemical detection of membrane-associated placental tissue protein 1.
Using the avidin-biotin binding system, an enzyme immunoassay procedure was developed to measure the membrane-associated placental tissue protein 1 (MP1) in serum. The standard curve covered the range from 10 to 1000 ng/ml of MP1. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations (C.Vs) were less than 5 and 10%, respectively. Recoveries of MP1 added to serum ranged between about 96 and 101%. The MP1 serum level was over 10 and under 112 ng/ml in non-pathological men, and under 240 ng/ml in non-pathological women. The MP1 level in the ovulatory phase was higher than in other phases of the menstrual cycle. In pregnancies during 6-39 weeks, the MP1 level ranged from 10 to 540 ng/ml, and it increased during the third trimester of gestational age. In benign gynecologic diseases, the MP1 concentration in serum ranged from 10 to 215 ng/ml. The MP1 levels in benign diseases were compared with those in ovarian malignancies, in endometrial carcinoma, and in uterine cervical cancer. The immunohistochemical location of MP1 was detected in the cell membrane of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma.
Female↗
[Placental transfer of cadmium in pregnant women].
To clarify the maternal-fetal transfer of cadmium across the placenta, cadmium was determined in 21 paired samples of maternal blood, placenta and umbilical cord blood obtained at delivery from pregnant women who did not smoke and had no particular exposure to cadmium compounds in their history. Cadmium was detected in all the samples. In both maternal blood and umbilical cord blood, the cadmium concentrations in the red blood cells were remarkably higher than those in the plasma. The cadmium concentration in the umbilical cord blood was significantly lower than that in the maternal blood, suggesting that the placenta might effectively block the transfer of cadmium to fetuses in pregnant women. The placental cadmium concentration was the highest in the samples determined. The ratios of placental to maternal blood cadmium concentration were very large, indicating that cadmium preferentially accumulates in the placental tissues. On the other hand, the ratios of umbilical cord blood to placental cadmium concentration were very small, indicating that the placenta constitutes an effective barrier against cadmium; that is, the placental cadmium is hard to transfer to fetuses in pregnant women. The significantly positive correlations between maternal blood and placenta, between placenta and umbilical cord blood and between maternal blood and umbilical cord blood in terms of the concentrations of cadmium suggest that the amount of cadmium accumulated in placenta and transferred from mother to fetus is strongly influenced by the cadmium body burden of the mother.
Cadmium↗
Dual-respiratory rhythms. A key to diagnosis of diaphragmatic flutter in patients with HVS.
We discuss three cases of diaphragmatic flutter in patients with extreme polypnea and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis. Initially, the diagnosis for each case was HVS. However, analysis of the respiratory pattern during attacks revealed two frequencies. A fast respiratory rhythm (230 to 250 breaths per minute) was superimposed on a slow rhythm (15 to 30 breaths per minute). The fast rhythm maintained blood gases at normal limits or hypocapnic levels. The dual respiratory rhythms, which do not occur with HVS, indicated diaphragmatic flutter. In addition, the usual treatment for HVS-breathing CO2 mixed air-did not influence the attacks. For two of the three patients, an intravenous dose of DPH suppressed the abnormal respiratory patterns immediately and completely. The third patient responded to an intramuscular injection of haloperidol. For these cases, the dual respiratory rhythms were the key to diagnosis of diaphragmatic flutter which accompanied hyperventilation.
Adolescent↗
Destructive thyrotoxicosis in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer.
A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with an anterior neck tumor, hoarseness, and dysphagia that had continued for a few weeks. He was diagnosed as anaplastic thyroid cancer by fine-needle aspiration cytology. He was treated by external radiation and chemotherapy, but left hemothorax developed and he died of respiratory failure on the 76th day in hospital. On admission, the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH were 12.8 pg/ml, 4.2 ng/dl, and 0 microU/ml, respectively. The simultaneous thyroidal I-131 uptake rate was 1.2% at 24 hours. The levels of free thyroid hormones fell gradually without antithyroid drugs to result in hypothyroidism (FT3 0.8 pg/ml, FT4 0 ng/dl, and TSH 36 microU/ml). The rapid growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer seemed to be responsible for destructive thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism in this patient.
Biopsy, Needle↗