Biomedical subjects
Y Ohmori
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohmori.
Report of a case of precancerous primary duodenal polyp and a review of the related literature.
A 62-year-old woman with a precancerous duodenal polyp in the suprapapillary region of the second portion of the duodenum was surgically treated by pancreato-duodenectomy. The postoperative course and follow-up was uneventful. A statistical analysis of primary duodenal tumor cases (excluding tumors of the duodenal papilla) reported in Japan during the period from 1962 to 1977 was also reported.
[A radioreceptor assay for catecholamines. II. A study with 4-(2-iodoethyl) pyrocatechol (author's transl)].
We have already reported on a radioreceptor assay for catecholamines utilizing the microsome fraction of bovine myocardium as a catecholamine (CA) receptor and 3H-norepinephrine as a labelled CA. In order to increase the sensitivity of the radioreceptor assay, we used 4-(2-iodoethyl) pyrocatechol (125I-CA) as a ligand instead of 3H-norepinephrine and performed a radioreceptor assay for CA. The following results were obtained: 1) 125I-CA was able to bind alpha-receptors prepared from bovine myocardium. 2) The optimal amount of the microsomal fraction was 250 micrograms/tube, when 125I-CA of 50,000 c.p.m. was used. The appropriate conditions for incubation were 90 minutes at 20 degrees C in a pH 7.0 sucrose solution. 3) By this method utilizing 125I-CA, norepinephrine was detectable in a range from 500 pg to 10 ng/tube. 4) Various compounds with a catechol nucleus showed cross-reaction in this radioreceptor assay system. 5) Whereas beta-adrenergic blocking agents did not inhibit the binding of 125I-CA, phentolamine, a short acting type of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, was effective in inhibiting the binding. However, dibenamine and phenoxybenzamine, long acting types of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, increased the binding of 125I-CA to the microsomal fraction. 6) Utilizing this phenomenon, norepinephrine was detectable in the range from 100 pg to 5 ng/tube.
[A radioreceptor assay for catecholamines. III. A study on the binding sites of catecholamines to alpha-adrenergic receptors (author's transl)].
We established a radioreceptor assay for catecholamines (CA), utilizing the microsomal fraction of bovine myocardium as CA receptors and 3H-norepinephrine (3H-NA) as a ligand. Since 3H-NA binding to the prepared CA binding protein was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, the CA receptors used were assumed to be alpha-adrenergic receptors. In this paper, we studied binding sites of CA to alpha-adrenergic receptors by a displacement study using such compounds as CA, CA metabolites, substances of dihydroxytetrahydronaphthalene derivatives, and other compounds. Various compounds with catechol nucleus had an affinity to the CA binding protein. The displacement study with compounds which were capable of binding to alpha-adrenoceptors had 2 neighbouring phenol groups in the benzenee ring at either position 2 and 3, or at position 3 and 4. On the other hand, either phenylalanine or tyrosine, which has only one phenol group in the benzen ring, did not bind the receptors. It is conceivable, therefore, that the binding sites of CA to alpha-adrenergic receptors is position 2 to 4 of the catechol nucleus, where 2 neighbouring phenol groups exist.
[A radioreceptor assay for catecholamines. I. A study with 3H-norepinephrine (author's transl)].
A radioreceptor assay for catecholamines(CA) has been established utilizing the microsomal fraction of bovine myocardium as CA receptors and 3H-norepinephrine(3H-NA) as a ligand. The bound fraction was separated from the free fraction by filtration through milipore filters. The following results were obtained: 1) The optimal amount of the microsomal fraction was 250 micrograms/tube, when 3H-NA of 12,000 c.p.m was used. The appropriate conditions for incubation were 2 hours at 37 degrees C in a pH 7.4 sucrose solution. 2) By this method, norepinephrine was detectable in the range from 5 to 100ng/tube. 3) Various compounds with catechol nucleus showed a cross-reaction in this radioreceptor assay system. 4) Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents inhibited the binding of 3H-NA, whereas beta-blocking agents were ineffective. These results suggest that the microsomal fraction of bovine myocardium contains alpha-adrenergic receptors which bind the catechol nucleus of CA.
Twenty-year graft survival of living-related kidney transplantation in a single center.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Effect of antisense oligonucleotides for tissue factor on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Long-term outcome of recombinant INF-alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C in kidney transplant recipients.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A novel monitoring of immunosuppression in recipients with DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor in activated T cells.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The effect of the administration of nucleosides and nucleotides for parenteral use.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on protein turnover and tissue protein synthesis in scald-burn rats.
We assessed the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on protein turnover and organ protein synthesis in burned rats. Male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g underwent catheter jejunostomy and received scald burns covering 30% of the whole-body surface area. Animals were divided into a control group (n = 9) and an arginine group (n = 9) and continuously received total enteral nutrition for 7 d (250 kcal.kg-1.d-1, 1.72 gN.kg-1.d-1). Changes in body weight, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, urinary excretion of polyamines, nitrogen balance, whole-body protein kinetics, and tissue protein synthesis rates were determined. Whole-body protein kinetics and tissue fractional protein synthetic rates (Ks, percent/d) were estimated using a 24-h constant enteral infusion of 15N glycine on the last day. The changes in body weight were not different between the control and arginine groups. The urinary excretion of polyamines was higher in the arginine group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Burned rats enterally fed arginine-supplemented diet yielded significantly greater cumulative and daily nitrogen balance on days 3 and 5 than those fed a control diet (cumulative, P < 0.05; day 3, P < 0.01; day 5, P < 0.01). Whole-body protein turnover rate was significantly elevated in the arginine group as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Ks of rectus abdominis muscles were significantly increased in the arginine group in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01). We have shown that dietary arginine supplementation improved protein anabolism and attenuated muscle protein catabolism after thermal injury.
Localization of biogenic amines and neuropeptides in adrenal medullary cells of birds.
The present article reviews the immunohistochemical findings on the localization of biogenic amines and neuropeptides in adrenal medullary cells of birds. In the chicken, about 70% of medullary cells are adrenaline-containing cells and the rest of cells seem to be noradrenaline-containing cells. The ratio of adrenaline-cells to noradrenaline-cells extremely varies among avian species. Besides adrenaline and noradrenaline, medullary cells of birds contain many kinds of biogenic amines and neuropeptides: serotonin, galanin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, enkephalin, neuropeptide tyrosine and atrial natriuretic peptide. The existence of these bioactive substances in medullary cells also exhibits interspecies heterogeneity. In the chicken, serotonin and galanin are contained in both adrenaline- and noradrenaline-cells of the adrenal gland. Cholecystokinin- and somatostatin-immunoreactivity is restricted to adrenaline-containing cells. Enkephalin-immunoreactivity is seen in both adrenaline- and noradrenaline-cells, but in about half of medullary cells. Neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactivity is found in the adrenal gland of the chick embryo and newly hatched chick, but not in the adult chicken. Serotonin and these neuropeptides may be selectively coreleased with adrenaline and/or noradrenaline from adrenal medullary cells of the chicken.
Effects of total parenteral nutrition with nucleoside and nucleotide mixture on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.
The effect of a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture on liver injury of rats induced by D-galactosamine was studied by examining changes in function and histopathology of the liver. Animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids supplemented with a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing inosine, cytidine, GMP, uridine and thymidine, or with uridine which inhibits galactosamine injury, or with liver cell extract containing flavin adenine dinucleotide and nucleic acid derivatives. As control, animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids only. The serum GOT and GPT concentrations were significantly lower in the group supplemented with nucleoside-nucleotide mixture than those in other groups. A large dose (1.2 g/kg) of uridine inhibited liver injury, but a lower dose (0.14 g/kg) did not have any effect, whereas nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing the same amount of uridine inhibited the injury. Liver cell extract also did not improve liver function. Thus infusion of a physiological and balanced mixture of nucleosides or nucleotides may improve liver function in rats with liver injury.
New multi-disciplinary treatment modality with RALS for patients with esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer is frequently found when it is already in the advanced stage and curative surgery for such cases is consequently difficult to perform. The new multi-disciplinary treatment for esophageal cancer presented here was, therefore, conceived to improve both the survival rate and quality of life of these patients. This combined treatment modality consists of limited surgery, external irradiation, intracavitary irradiation with remote-controlled after-loading system (RALS) and peri-operative chemotherapy. In the present series, 45 patients with esophageal cancer received esophagectomy and on another 11 patients bypass operation was performed. All patients were treated with this multi-disciplinary treatment after operation. A 3 cm-wide thin gastric tube was made from the greater curvature of the stomach of the patient using an autosuture apparatus (PLC55 or GIA). In the bypass operation, the jejunum was anastomosed to the original esophagus in the Roux-en Y fashion and jejunostomy was performed on the oral side of the Roux loop. A silastic tube of 9 mm inner diameter was inserted from the jejunostomy and placed into the original esophagus for the purpose of postoperative intracavitary irradiation with RALS. For the patients receiving esophagectomy, a similar silastic tube was also placed in the posterior mediastinum for intracavitary irradiation with RALS. The indication of the bypass operation was i) a tumor length longer than 9 cm on the X-ray film and/or ii) direct invasion to the aortic wall evident by CT or MRI examination. Two weeks after the operation, external irradiation to the mediastinum with Linac 10 MV X-ray, and to the bilateral cervical regions with Linac 15 MeV electron beam, was started. The irradiation doses were 30 Gy (2 Gy/day, 5 times/ week) and 48 Gy (4 Gy/day, 3 times/week), respectively. The intracavitary irradiation with RALS was started shortly before the end of the external irradiation period and was delivered from a 60Co source. The total dose was 24 Gy (6 Gy/day, once a week) for the esophagectomized cases, and 18 Gy for the bypassed cases. Two or three weeks after the termination of the radiotherapy, chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil was performed and repeated every 6 months for 2 years. All patients could eat normally and were discharged after finishing the first chemotherapy session. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% for the esophagectomized cases and 11% for the bypassed cases. The longest survival time in the bypassed cases was 5 years and 4 months. Neither operative death nor severe complications were experienced during the treatment period. The results indicate that this newly developed multi-disciplinary treatment with RALS can improve the prognosis and the quality of life not only in the esophagectomized patients but also in the bypassed patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
Effects of DNA vaccine in murine malaria using a full-length cDNA library.
In an attempt to develop a novel malaria vaccine, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from the erythrocytic-stage parasites of Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain using the plasmid vector pCE-FL, which is driven by an EF321 promoter and a CMV-IE enhancer. Here we report the initial trial to screen this library for DNA vaccine candidates against malaria parasite infection in mice. The library of P. berghei was divided into five groups, each representing 2,000 independent clones. Eight female BALB/c mice were injected with these subsets, with an initial injection directly into the spleen, followed by two subsequent intramuscular injections at 1-week intervals. As a control, the plasmid vector without any insert was used. Two weeks after the last injection, 50,000 infected erythrocytes were injected intraperitoneally. Unexpectedly, the survival rate of the vaccinated groups was lower than that of the control (p = 0.053, by Kaplan-Meyer method), suggesting that these DNA vaccines had adverse effects. There was no difference in parasitemia between the two groups. There was no difference between antibody titers before and after immunization in either group. Accelerated deaths in immunized mice occurred from 7 to 10 days after infection, when fur bristling, shivering and convulsions were observed. These observations suggested the possibility that the vaccination had an adverse effect on the cellular immunity that resulted in the development of severe malaria in BALB/c mice, which do not usually develop cerebral malaria.