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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohashi.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Langerhans cell alterations in the guinea pig cornea.

Langerhans cells (LC) are found in virtually all epithelial surfaces, but are rare or absent in the central cornea. LC migration into the cornea can be induced by several different stimuli. The authors studied LC in guinea pig corneal epithelium after: (1) suture placement; (2) suture removal; (3) UV-A irradiation; and (4) UV-C irradiation. Corneal LC markedly increased after suture placement during a 35-day observation period, and decreased by one-half during a 21-day observation period when sutures were removed. Suture-induced corneal LC decreased after UV-A irradiation, but increased after UV-C irradiation. These results demonstrate that ocular LC can be altered by nonimmunologic perturbations of the cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Asymptomatic leiomyosarcoma of maxillary sinus accompanied by primary mucocele.

A case of asymptomatic leiomyosarcoma of the maxillary sinus accompanied by primary maxillary mucocele is presented together with a review of the literature. The manifestation and symptoms, pathology in special reference to electron microscopic findings, treatment and prognosis, and origin of this tumor are discussed. Initially, this tumor should be treated by extensive surgical excision, but long-term follow-up is essential in the light of this high rate of local recurrence, and radical neck surgery is indicated for metastatic nodal disease.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of impotence caused by megalourethra.

A twenty-three-year-old impotence patient is presented who had never achieved penile erection and who suffered megalourethra and megaloureter. Through a penothermocurve the cause of impotence was diagnosed as megalourethra and extensively thickened penile skin. Plastic surgery was performed, and sufficient resection of the enlarged urethral wall and penile skin resulted in successful penile erection and satisfactory intercourse. The usefulness of the penothermocurve was demonstrated as a means for the differential diagnosis of impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pepleomycin-induced pneumonitis resulting in death.

Two cases of fatal pneumonitis induced by pepleomycin, a new antitumour antibiotic analogous to bleomycin, are described. In the first case, the patient received radiation in combination with intra-arterial administration of pepleomycin to a total dose of 100 mg. for the treatment of an epidermoid carcinoma of the maxilla. The pulmonary changes were noted two weeks after cessation of the chemotherapy and the patient died of pulmonary insufficiency despite intensive therapy with antibiotics and a steroid. The other case with an epidermoid carcinoma of the cheek and oropharynx was treated by radiation and pepleomycin given to a total dose of 205 mg. Pepleomycin was replaced by predonin soon after bilateral shadows were noticed on a chest radiograph, but the patient died of pneumonitis 10 months later. Various factors which may affect the development of pulmonary toxicity by pepleomycin are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Induction of murine teratocarcinoma cell differentiation by suppression of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis.

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity in mouse teratocarcinoma EC-A1 cells decreased markedly during differentiation induced by retinoic acid; the activities assayed in permeabilized cells decreased to 25% and 10% of the activity of control (uninduced cells) 2 and 3 days, respectively, after the addition of 0.1 microM retinoic acid to the culture medium. This change preceded changes in morphology and DNA synthesis, which became prominent after 4 days. The decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity appeared to be caused by a diminution of the synthetase protein and not by a decrease in its catalytic activity, because the full activity disclosed by DNase I treatment decreased in parallel, albeit at about 20 times higher levels. When 8 mM 3-aminobenzamide or 10 mM nicotinamide, specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, was added to the culture medium, the cells underwent differentiation after 7-9 days. An analogue, 3-aminobenzoic acid, which is not inhibitory to the synthetase, induced differentiation much less efficiently than did 3-aminobenzamide, and the effect of 3-aminobenzoic acid appeared to be ascribable to its potent cytotoxicity. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody confirmed the marked reduction in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity in nuclei of the cells treated with retinoic acid or 3-aminobenzamide but not with 3-aminobenzoic acid. These results suggest that a decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis triggers differentiation of teratocarcinoma cells.

Aminobenzoates↗
PubMed1984

A simple prosthesis for correction of cryptotia.

Cryptotia, which is a rather common anomaly among Japanese, is found in one of about every 400 Japanese. We tried the prosthesis method and obtained good results, with 26 cases (31 auricles). The results obtained were good for 15 cases, fair in 10, and poor in 1. By this method, complete correction including that of the cartilage is possible for the patients up to 8 years old, and correction by extension of the skin is possible for older age groups. This method can be applied to patients 2 or 3 years old without limiting it to those of less than 1 year.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer cells kill human retinoblastoma cells.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from healthy individuals and their cytotoxicity against retinoblastoma cells was measured using 51Cr-release assay. The lysis of two human retinoblastoma cell lines, Y-79 and WERI-Rb 1, varied greatly from blood donor to donor, but the lysis of K-562 was very similar among the donors. Furthermore, the lysis of Y-79 was markedly inhibited by the addition of K-562, a natural killer (NK) cell-sensitive target, but not by Raji, an NK-resistant target, suggesting that both Y-79 and K-562 shared a common NK-directed antigen. The major cytotoxic activity was associated with nonphagocytic and nonadherent cells, and it was finally recovered in the low-density fraction which was enriched with large granular lymphocytes. These lines of evidence indicate that natural killer cells (NK cells) in the peripheral blood killed retinoblastoma cell lines. On the other hand, three kinds of retinoblastoma cells freshly isolated from patients were resistant to the lysis by the lymphocytes obtained from the donors with high NK activity. However, these tumor cells displayed an enhanced susceptibility when the effectors from the same donors were treated with interferon. The study of NK cells and the interferon system may shed light on the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1984

[Phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C] in patients with various cancers].

A phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-Mitomycin C] was carried out in 14 cases of stomach cancer, 5 of lung cancer, 5 of colon cancer and 5 other types of cancer. KW 2083 was intravenously injected at a dose of 40 mg/body weekly in 26 cases. Among 23 evaluable cases, partial response was obtained in 6 cases (26%). The PR cases were 4 of stomach cancer and 2 of lung cancer, the former being all undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Regarding hematologic toxicities, thrombocytopenia was the most principal toxicity and an important weak point of KW 2083. Thrombocytopenia (less than 75,000/mm3) was observed in 13 cases (50%). Recovery took about 4 weeks, but by that time 3 cases had still not recovered to 75,000/mm3. leukocytopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was observed in 17 cases (65%). Concerning gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia occurred in 11 cases (42%), nausea and vomiting in 11 cases (42%), diarrhea in 1 case and stomatitis in 1 case. T1/2 (beta-phase) of KW 2083 was half that of Mitomycin C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Fibronectin. A new therapy for corneal trophic ulcer.

Fibronectin, a glycoprotein, is present in plasma and extracellular matrix and is responsible for cellular adhesion. With the use of affinity chromatography, we purified plasma fibronectin from two patients with trophic corneal ulcer and persistent epithelial defect after conventional therapy was ineffective. Reepithelialization began three days after initiation of treatment with autologous purified fibronectin eyedrops, and the epithelial defects disappeared completely within three weeks. No recurrence was observed after treatment ended. By modifying the original chromatographic procedure, we were able to obtain purified fibronectin in two hours, which allowed us to treat outpatients as well as inpatients.

Adult↗